This is pdf knowledge for cell structure and function of the body

1. CELL
Tukesh nursing 33

2. INTRODUCTION
• The cell from Latin word that means small room .
• The basic structural functional and biological unit of human body.
• Cell were discovered by Robert hook in 1665
• A cell is consist of three parts the cell membrane , the nucleus ,
between the two cytoplasm

3. DEFINITION
• A cell is the smallest unit of life cell care often call the
building blocks of life the study of cell is called cell biology
cellular biology or cytology

4. STRUCTURE OF CELL

5. 1. CELL MEMBRANE
• Every cell in the body is enclosed by a cell plasma membrane.
• The cell membrane separates the material outside the cell extra cellular
from the material inside the cell infra cellular
• It maintain the integrity of a cell and control passages of material.
• The cell membrane is a dubel layer of phospholipid molecules protein
in cell membrane.

6. 2. NUCLEUS AND NUCLEOLUS
• The nucleus formed by a nuclear membrane around a fluid
nucleoplasm is the control centre or the cell
• Threads chromatin in the nucleus contain genetic material in DNA

7. 3. CYTOPLASM
• The cytoplasm is the gel like fluid inside the cell .
• It is the medium for chemical reaction
• It provides a platform upon which other organ cells
• All of the cell function for cell expansion growth and replication are
carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell

8. CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES
• Cytoplasmic organelles are the little organelle that are suspended
in the cytoplasm of the cell
• Each type of organelle has a definite
1. mitochondria
2. Ribosome
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
4. Golgi apparatus
5. Lysosomes

9. 1. MITOCHONDRIA
• Mitochondria are often referred to as the power house of the cell .
• They help turn the energy the from into energy that the cell can use .
But there is more to mitochondria then energy production

10. • Mitochondria small often between 0.75 and 3 mitochondria are not visible
under the microscope unless they are stained
• Mitochondria are into different compartments
• Outer membrane : - small molecule can pass freely though the outer
membrane this outer includes proteins called poring which from
• Inner membrane : - this membrane holds protein that have several roles
- there are porin in the inner membrane it is impermeable to most
important molecules . Only cross the inner
membranes is membrane transport the inner membrane

11. 2.RIBOSOME
• Ribosome are most important cell organelles composed of RNA and
protein that convert genetic code into chain of amino acids
• A ribosome is a complex is RNA and proteins and is therefore known
as a ribonucleoprotein it is composed two subunits smaller and
larger.
• It is located in two area of cytoplasm
• Prokaryotic have 70s ribosomes while
• Eukaryotic have 80 s ribosomes

12. STRUCTURE OF RIBOSOME

13. 3. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Endoplasmic reticulum in biology a continuous membrane system
• That form a serise multiple systems that form a multiple function
• Important particularly in the synthesis folding modification and transport of protein . All eukaryotic cells
contain an. Proteins
• Difference in certain physical and functional characteristics distinguish the two type of Endoplasmic
reticulum rough Endoplasmic reticulum , smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

14. STRUCTURE OF ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM

15. 1. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum : - smooth Endoplasmic
reticulum is not associated with ribosome and its function differ .
The smooth er in involves in the synthesis of lipids
2. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum : - rough Endoplasmic
reticulum is named for it rough appearance which is due to the
ribosome attached to its outer cytoplasmic surface

16. 5.LYSOSOMES
• Lysosomes are sphere shaped sacs filled with hydro lyric enzymes
that have the capability to break Down many types of biochemical
• Lysosomes works as the waste discarding structures of the cell by
processing undressing material and degrading them both from
the exterior of cell and waste constituents inside the cell
• Hence lysosomes are known as suicidal bags of the cell

17. STRUCTURE OF LYSOSOMES

18. FUNCTION OF CELL
• Basic unit of life the cell is smallest part to organ can be reduced
retain the characteristics of life
• protection and support secret molecules
• Cell metabolism and energy release
• exchange material with environment
• Nucleus is controlle center of the cell
• lysosomes is break down is old cell parts
• Ribosomes is organelles is make proteins