This is pdf file knowledge for microbiology in fungi , virus , bacteria , Protozoa

1. Microbiology
Tukesh nursing 33

2. Introduction : -
The word microbiology describe.
Micro – small
Bio. - living
Logy. - to study
 That means study of small living as bacteria viruses, Protozoa,
fungi.
 Antonie van leewenhoek father of microbiology and. One of the
first microscopist and micrologist.

3. Definition : -
Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms those
being unicellu multicellular, or a cellular.
OR
 it is the branch of science in which study about the small living
organisms which is study about the small living organism which
is less than 1.4 microbes which we can’t see with naked eye we
use microscope to see them.

4. Terminology : -
 Aerobe : - growth of microorganisms presence of oxygen.
 Anaerobe : - grows in microorganisms absence of oxygen.
 Pathogen : - any viruses , bacteria, or other agent that cause disease .
 Disinfection : - killing inhibition or removed to microorganisms.
 Antibody : - also known as immunoglobin a glycoprotein produced in
response to the antigen.
 Antigen : - substances when introduced into the body stimulates the
production of antibodies .
 Infection : - invision and multiplication microorganisms.
 Vaccine : - a vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a
particular disease.

5. History of microbiology : -
1. Discovery Era.
2. Spontaneous generation theory.
3. Golden age of microbiology.
4. Morden age of theory.

6. 1. Discovery Era : -
 Robert hook : - in 1665 Robert hook stated that life smallest structure unit is
call cell.
 Antonine van Leeuwenhoek : - fist person to observe living microscope.
- And gave the term animalcule fungi alage Protozoa.

7. 2. Spontaneous generation theory : -
 Living organism would develop non living matter spontaneously.
 Same scientist agree or disprove non spontaneous generation theory.
1. Francesco redis 1626 – 1697 : - he against spontaneous generation theory.
- evidence against spontaneous generation
- unsealed – maggots and meat egg.
Sealed. - no maggots and meal .
Gouge. - fow maggots on none on meat
 he stated that living organism develops by help of oxygen and nutrients not only
non living.

8. 3. John needham
 He support spontaneous generation theory .
 He stated that after boiled this nutrient both all microbes kill and after they
closed it there is no need of oxygen to grow of microbes.
4. Golden age of microbiology
 Louis pasture – modern father of microbiology
 In year 1861 He finally disproved spontaneous generation theory when micro
organism in the environment were responsible for microbial growth in nutrients
broth

9.  He also gave a cannot posterisation save nutritional value food
 Example : - using milk heat at for 30 minutes was enough to destroy microbes
 5. Modern age of microbiology
 Joseph lister - father of antiseptic surgery
 Edward Jenner - first vaccine chicken pox
 Alexander Fleming : - in 1928 he discovered 1 st antibiotics penicillin to kill
bacteria.

10. Branch and scope of microbiology
1. Based on organism studies : -
- virology – study of virus
- bacteriology – study of bacteria
- phycology – study of algae
- mycology – study of fungi
- protozoology – study of Protozoa
2. Based on functional process : -
- microbial morphology- study of size shape and structure of organism.
- microbial cytology – study of microorganisms cell.
- microbial physiology – study of function performed by microorganism
- microbial ecology – study of the interaction of microorganism
- microbial genetic – study of microorganism spread one generation generation to
another generation.

11. 3. Based on applied
 medical microbiology: - prevention diagnosis and
treatment of infection disease.
 Food microbiology : - pathogen that may cause
disease and microbes used to produce fermented
food such as cheese , beer , wine , bread
 Agriculture microbiology : - dealing with plant
associated microbes and plant animal disease

12. Immunology microbiology: - it study called and Multiplication
microscopic organisms.
Importance of microbiology
nurses manage to all patients health control infection in
hospital hospital knowledge
 To prevent infection.
 To maintain sterile field.
 To collect sample for laboratory test.
 To give vaccine / immunisation.
 To dispose of biomedical waste.
 maintain different departments ex – OT
 to give health education.
 to give proper medication.