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Evaluation of patient with chest pain in primary
chest pain is one of the commonest presentation in the primary care setting . This power point presentation is about how to evaluate these patients
Lecture nine cardiovascular_emeregencies
The document discusses cardiovascular emergencies and provides guidance on assessment and treatment. It begins by noting that cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and outlines ways to reduce deaths through healthy lifestyle choices and access to emergency care. It then describes the anatomy of the cardiovascular system and signs of various emergencies like chest pain, heart attack, hypertensive emergencies, and aortic aneurysm. The document concludes by detailing the steps for primary assessment of a patient with a potential cardiovascular emergency, including scene safety, monitoring breathing and circulation, gathering the medical history, providing initial care, and ensuring rapid transport to the hospital.
How to approach a patient with chest pain
History, Examination and Investigations of patient with chest pain and the differentials you can come up with.
Angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen. It is usually caused by narrowed coronary arteries that cannot supply enough blood and oxygen to meet increased demands. The symptoms include chest pain or pressure that can radiate to the arms, neck or jaw, brought on by activity or stress, and relieved by rest. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, risk factors, and electrocardiogram changes during episodes to confirm ischemia as the cause of symptoms.
Chest injury
The document discusses chest injuries, including their causes, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to define chest injuries, classify and explain the causes and pathophysiology of different chest injuries, and discuss their signs, diagnosis, and treatment. It then introduces chest injuries as physical trauma to the chest that can restrict heart or lung function and cause internal bleeding. The major types discussed are blunt injuries like rib fractures and flail chest, as well as penetrating injuries from stab wounds or gunshots. Clinical exam, imaging, and laboratory tests are used for diagnosis, while management involves addressing airway issues, bleeding, and supporting respiratory function.
Adult health 1 presentation-1.pptx
The document provides an overview of complex cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, and congenital heart diseases. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management of angina and myocardial infarction. Key points covered include the types of angina, factors that can trigger chest pain, diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, and pharmacological treatments to reduce oxygen demand on the heart and increase oxygen supply such as nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, and oxygen administration.
Myocardial infarction short notes
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked causing death of heart muscle tissue. It is usually caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque in the coronary arteries. Symptoms include chest pain that may radiate to other areas and last more than 15 minutes as well as sweating, nausea, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests for cardiac markers, and sometimes echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on oxygen, pain relief, opening blocked arteries, and preventing complications like arrhythmias or heart failure. Lifestyle changes can help prevent heart attacks by exercising, eating healthy, not smoking, and controlling risk factors.
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This document discusses inflammatory diseases of the heart, specifically myocarditis. It defines myocarditis as an inflammation of the heart muscle caused by infectious or non-infectious triggers. The document outlines the different types of myocarditis based on cause, including infectious, immune-mediated, and toxic myocarditis. Common causes are discussed such as viruses, bacteria, drugs, and autoimmune disorders. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments including medications, surgeries and nursing management are summarized. Prevention strategies like vaccination and handwashing are also mentioned.
Recommended
Evaluation of patient with chest pain in primary
chest pain is one of the commonest presentation in the primary care setting . This power point presentation is about how to evaluate these patients
Lecture nine cardiovascular_emeregencies
The document discusses cardiovascular emergencies and provides guidance on assessment and treatment. It begins by noting that cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and outlines ways to reduce deaths through healthy lifestyle choices and access to emergency care. It then describes the anatomy of the cardiovascular system and signs of various emergencies like chest pain, heart attack, hypertensive emergencies, and aortic aneurysm. The document concludes by detailing the steps for primary assessment of a patient with a potential cardiovascular emergency, including scene safety, monitoring breathing and circulation, gathering the medical history, providing initial care, and ensuring rapid transport to the hospital.
How to approach a patient with chest pain
History, Examination and Investigations of patient with chest pain and the differentials you can come up with.
Angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen. It is usually caused by narrowed coronary arteries that cannot supply enough blood and oxygen to meet increased demands. The symptoms include chest pain or pressure that can radiate to the arms, neck or jaw, brought on by activity or stress, and relieved by rest. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, risk factors, and electrocardiogram changes during episodes to confirm ischemia as the cause of symptoms.
Chest injury
The document discusses chest injuries, including their causes, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to define chest injuries, classify and explain the causes and pathophysiology of different chest injuries, and discuss their signs, diagnosis, and treatment. It then introduces chest injuries as physical trauma to the chest that can restrict heart or lung function and cause internal bleeding. The major types discussed are blunt injuries like rib fractures and flail chest, as well as penetrating injuries from stab wounds or gunshots. Clinical exam, imaging, and laboratory tests are used for diagnosis, while management involves addressing airway issues, bleeding, and supporting respiratory function.
Adult health 1 presentation-1.pptx
The document provides an overview of complex cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, and congenital heart diseases. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management of angina and myocardial infarction. Key points covered include the types of angina, factors that can trigger chest pain, diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, and pharmacological treatments to reduce oxygen demand on the heart and increase oxygen supply such as nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, and oxygen administration.
Myocardial infarction short notes
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked causing death of heart muscle tissue. It is usually caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque in the coronary arteries. Symptoms include chest pain that may radiate to other areas and last more than 15 minutes as well as sweating, nausea, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests for cardiac markers, and sometimes echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on oxygen, pain relief, opening blocked arteries, and preventing complications like arrhythmias or heart failure. Lifestyle changes can help prevent heart attacks by exercising, eating healthy, not smoking, and controlling risk factors.
MYOCARDITIS for medical students 1.pptx
This document discusses inflammatory diseases of the heart, specifically myocarditis. It defines myocarditis as an inflammation of the heart muscle caused by infectious or non-infectious triggers. The document outlines the different types of myocarditis based on cause, including infectious, immune-mediated, and toxic myocarditis. Common causes are discussed such as viruses, bacteria, drugs, and autoimmune disorders. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments including medications, surgeries and nursing management are summarized. Prevention strategies like vaccination and handwashing are also mentioned.
Coronary syndrome
Coronary syndrome is caused by decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries impairing heart function. It includes stable angina, unstable angina, NSTEMI (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction), and STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction). Coronary artery disease has been found in ancient mummy autopsies, showing it has affected humans for thousands of years. Descriptions of angina and myocardial infarction from the 17th-19th centuries helped establish cardiology as a medical discipline.
tutututututt.ppt
Asphyxia refers to insufficient oxygen supply to tissues. It can occur through mechanical means like hanging, strangulation, or drowning, which prevent air exchange in the lungs. It can also occur through pathological issues or toxic substances. Key post-mortem findings of asphyxial death include cyanosis, petechial hemorrhages known as Tardieu spots, and congestion of internal organs. However, vagal inhibition can prevent these classical signs from appearing in some cases.
attachment adem resp2.pptx
This document provides an overview of the respiratory system, including its anatomy, common symptoms and signs, physical examination techniques, and differential diagnoses. It describes the anatomy of structures like the trachea, bronchi, lungs and chest wall. Common symptoms discussed are cough, dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis and wheezing. The physical examination section covers inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation techniques. Differential diagnoses are mentioned for some common respiratory symptoms.
Ischemic heart disease
The document discusses ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. It begins by describing the anatomy of the heart and coronary arteries. It then explains how atherosclerotic plaques can develop in the coronary arteries due to risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking. These plaques reduce blood flow and can lead to conditions like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. The management of ischemic heart disease includes pharmaceutical treatments, lifestyle changes, and procedures like stenting, angioplasty, and bypass surgery. Nursing assessment focuses on understanding a patient's symptoms and risk factors to help guide treatment and risk reduction.
Ischemia, Infarction, Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, Infective endocarditis - Pat...
Topic: Ischemia, Infarction, Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, Infective Endocarditis
Faculty: Medicine
Course: BSc Nursing - 2nd year
CHEST INJURIES.....ppt
Chest injury is one of the common condition in road traffic accident and other injuries including falling from height, blunt trauma and others, which can include fracture of ribs, or penetrating of objects to the lung the open pneumothorax, so this slide will enable you to know how to deal with this injury because mostly this patient are emergency need remediate help
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILUREC
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including its definition, causes, risk factors, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic measures, nursing management, treatment, and prevention. CHF is defined as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Common causes include coronary artery disease, heart attacks, valve disease, and hypertension. Diagnostic tests include echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, stress tests, and blood tests. Treatment involves medications to reduce workload on the heart and control symptoms, while prevention focuses on controlling risk factors like high blood pressure.
ABNORMAL CHEST XRAY in Icu care technology.pptx
Chest X-rays are commonly used to detect abnormalities from trauma. A pneumothorax appears as a lucent area on a chest X-ray from collapsed lung. Trauma can cause pneumothoraces through rib fractures or penetrating wounds allowing air to enter the pleural space. Timely detection of abnormalities on chest X-rays like pneumothoraces is important for diagnosis and treatment.
IHD
Ischemic heart disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries. The most common cause is atherosclerosis which narrows the arteries over time due to plaque buildup. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medications to reduce risk factors and surgery to open blocked arteries.
1.pptx
This document discusses atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. It defines atherosclerosis as a metabolic disease associated with cholesterol plaque deposition in the arteries. It lists risk factors and describes the etiology, clinical presentation, examination methods, and treatment, which includes medications, diet, exercise, and stress reduction. For ischemic heart disease, it discusses the mismatch between myocardial oxygen needs and supply. Angina pectoris is described as a type of ischemic heart disease causing chest pain from insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle. The document outlines the etiology, pathogenesis, classification including stable and unstable types, clinical presentation, examination methods, and treatment of angina pectoris.
Athersclerosis and angina صفاء
The document discusses coronary artery disease and angina pectoris, outlining their causes as atherosclerosis and insufficient blood flow to the heart, risk factors, diagnostic tests including ECG and angiography, treatments such as lifestyle changes, medications, stenting, angioplasty and bypass surgery, and nursing care including rest, nitroglycerin administration, and patient education.
PERICARDIAL TEMPONADE drmousa.pptx
Cardiac tamponade is a serious condition where blood or fluid fills the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, putting pressure on the heart and preventing it from pumping effectively. Signs include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure. Treatment involves removing fluid from the pericardial sac via a procedure called pericardiocentesis to relieve pressure on the heart. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, administering medications and oxygen, maintaining bed rest, and educating the patient.
I s c h a e m i a
This document discusses ischemia and risk factors for atherosclerosis. It defines ischemia as an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. The stages of atherosclerosis and strategies for prevention and treatment are discussed, including lifestyle changes, medications like ACE inhibitors, and diagnostic tests. Angina symptoms and types are summarized.
Respiration
This document discusses respiratory depression, the effects of alcohol on the respiratory system, blood gas analysis, rib fractures, and pneumothorax. It defines respiratory depression and lists several potential causes. It describes how alcohol can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and other long-term respiratory issues over time. The document explains blood gas analysis and the effects of abnormal pH, PCO2, and HCO3 values. It also discusses rib fractures, pneumothorax, and their potential complications like respiratory failure. Treatment options are provided for rib fractures, pneumothorax, and the management of associated conditions.
Cardiovascular assessment
This document provides information on assessing cardiovascular health. It begins with an introduction noting cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death. It then outlines the objectives which are to review cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, describe physical assessment, and review diagnostic procedures. The document proceeds to describe cardiovascular anatomy including the heart, circulation, and valves. It provides details on performing a cardiovascular assessment including taking a history, inspection, palpation, auscultation, and measuring blood pressure.
Infection and inflammation of heart includes endocarditis, myocarditis, peric...
Here we have seen about the infections and inflammatory diseases of the heart. It includes the endocarditis, Myocarditis, pericarditis, and the inflammation includes the rheumatic fever and heart diseases. Regarding the nursing care the betty neuman theory was applied for the better outcome in patient care. At last the journal references from the Indian medical council and the West Indian med from Jamaica they says that the Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continue to be a major health hazard in most developing countries as well as sporadically in developed economies. They concluded that the infection and inflammatory disease of heart is completely preventable one. The study too says that it occurs mostly in the age group of 5-15 yr of children. Finally Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease have relatively long and expensive hospital stays which are preventable by careful adherence to prevention programme. Thank you guys, i think this will useful for u to understand easily.
Cardiac Versus Non Cardiac
There is no definitive way to differentiate between cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain without further evaluation. Severe chest pain should always be taken seriously and evaluated in an emergency department. Cardiac chest pain is caused by reduced blood flow and oxygen to the heart, which can lead to a heart attack without treatment. Non-cardiac chest pain can be due to structures in the chest like the esophagus or lungs. A medical history and physical exam can provide clues but further testing is often needed to determine the underlying cause of chest pain.
Cardititis and causes and sign symptome .
1) Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart called the endocardium. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and can damage or destroy heart valves.
2) Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. It is often caused by viral infections but can also be caused by other infections, autoimmune diseases, injuries or certain medications.
3) Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, the middle muscular layer of the heart wall. It is commonly caused by viral infections but can also be caused by bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections, as well as certain drugs or toxins.
Cardiovascular emergencies version 2
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The document discusses signs and symptoms of various cardiovascular emergencies like myocardial infarction, angina, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure. It also covers assessment of chest pain, including gathering a history and performing a physical exam to determine the likely cause and guide treatment and transport. The goal is to identify life threats and provide care to stabilize the patient while expediting transport to a hospital.
PERICARDIAL TEMPONADE drmousa.pdf
Cardiac tamponade is a serious condition where blood or fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, putting pressure on the heart and preventing it from pumping effectively. Signs include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure. Treatment involves removing the fluid via pericardiocentesis and managing blood pressure and heart function. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, ECG, and cardiac output; maintaining bed rest; providing education; and assessing for complications.
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Similar to chest injury, definition, causes , clinical manifestation, management copy copy.pptx
Coronary syndrome
Coronary syndrome is caused by decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries impairing heart function. It includes stable angina, unstable angina, NSTEMI (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction), and STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction). Coronary artery disease has been found in ancient mummy autopsies, showing it has affected humans for thousands of years. Descriptions of angina and myocardial infarction from the 17th-19th centuries helped establish cardiology as a medical discipline.
tutututututt.ppt
Asphyxia refers to insufficient oxygen supply to tissues. It can occur through mechanical means like hanging, strangulation, or drowning, which prevent air exchange in the lungs. It can also occur through pathological issues or toxic substances. Key post-mortem findings of asphyxial death include cyanosis, petechial hemorrhages known as Tardieu spots, and congestion of internal organs. However, vagal inhibition can prevent these classical signs from appearing in some cases.
attachment adem resp2.pptx
This document provides an overview of the respiratory system, including its anatomy, common symptoms and signs, physical examination techniques, and differential diagnoses. It describes the anatomy of structures like the trachea, bronchi, lungs and chest wall. Common symptoms discussed are cough, dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis and wheezing. The physical examination section covers inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation techniques. Differential diagnoses are mentioned for some common respiratory symptoms.
Ischemic heart disease
The document discusses ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. It begins by describing the anatomy of the heart and coronary arteries. It then explains how atherosclerotic plaques can develop in the coronary arteries due to risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking. These plaques reduce blood flow and can lead to conditions like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. The management of ischemic heart disease includes pharmaceutical treatments, lifestyle changes, and procedures like stenting, angioplasty, and bypass surgery. Nursing assessment focuses on understanding a patient's symptoms and risk factors to help guide treatment and risk reduction.
Ischemia, Infarction, Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, Infective endocarditis - Pat...
Topic: Ischemia, Infarction, Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, Infective Endocarditis
Faculty: Medicine
Course: BSc Nursing - 2nd year
CHEST INJURIES.....ppt
Chest injury is one of the common condition in road traffic accident and other injuries including falling from height, blunt trauma and others, which can include fracture of ribs, or penetrating of objects to the lung the open pneumothorax, so this slide will enable you to know how to deal with this injury because mostly this patient are emergency need remediate help
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILUREC
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including its definition, causes, risk factors, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic measures, nursing management, treatment, and prevention. CHF is defined as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Common causes include coronary artery disease, heart attacks, valve disease, and hypertension. Diagnostic tests include echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, stress tests, and blood tests. Treatment involves medications to reduce workload on the heart and control symptoms, while prevention focuses on controlling risk factors like high blood pressure.
ABNORMAL CHEST XRAY in Icu care technology.pptx
Chest X-rays are commonly used to detect abnormalities from trauma. A pneumothorax appears as a lucent area on a chest X-ray from collapsed lung. Trauma can cause pneumothoraces through rib fractures or penetrating wounds allowing air to enter the pleural space. Timely detection of abnormalities on chest X-rays like pneumothoraces is important for diagnosis and treatment.
IHD
Ischemic heart disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries. The most common cause is atherosclerosis which narrows the arteries over time due to plaque buildup. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medications to reduce risk factors and surgery to open blocked arteries.
1.pptx
This document discusses atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. It defines atherosclerosis as a metabolic disease associated with cholesterol plaque deposition in the arteries. It lists risk factors and describes the etiology, clinical presentation, examination methods, and treatment, which includes medications, diet, exercise, and stress reduction. For ischemic heart disease, it discusses the mismatch between myocardial oxygen needs and supply. Angina pectoris is described as a type of ischemic heart disease causing chest pain from insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle. The document outlines the etiology, pathogenesis, classification including stable and unstable types, clinical presentation, examination methods, and treatment of angina pectoris.
Athersclerosis and angina صفاء
The document discusses coronary artery disease and angina pectoris, outlining their causes as atherosclerosis and insufficient blood flow to the heart, risk factors, diagnostic tests including ECG and angiography, treatments such as lifestyle changes, medications, stenting, angioplasty and bypass surgery, and nursing care including rest, nitroglycerin administration, and patient education.
PERICARDIAL TEMPONADE drmousa.pptx
Cardiac tamponade is a serious condition where blood or fluid fills the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, putting pressure on the heart and preventing it from pumping effectively. Signs include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure. Treatment involves removing fluid from the pericardial sac via a procedure called pericardiocentesis to relieve pressure on the heart. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, administering medications and oxygen, maintaining bed rest, and educating the patient.
I s c h a e m i a
This document discusses ischemia and risk factors for atherosclerosis. It defines ischemia as an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. The stages of atherosclerosis and strategies for prevention and treatment are discussed, including lifestyle changes, medications like ACE inhibitors, and diagnostic tests. Angina symptoms and types are summarized.
Respiration
This document discusses respiratory depression, the effects of alcohol on the respiratory system, blood gas analysis, rib fractures, and pneumothorax. It defines respiratory depression and lists several potential causes. It describes how alcohol can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and other long-term respiratory issues over time. The document explains blood gas analysis and the effects of abnormal pH, PCO2, and HCO3 values. It also discusses rib fractures, pneumothorax, and their potential complications like respiratory failure. Treatment options are provided for rib fractures, pneumothorax, and the management of associated conditions.
Cardiovascular assessment
This document provides information on assessing cardiovascular health. It begins with an introduction noting cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death. It then outlines the objectives which are to review cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, describe physical assessment, and review diagnostic procedures. The document proceeds to describe cardiovascular anatomy including the heart, circulation, and valves. It provides details on performing a cardiovascular assessment including taking a history, inspection, palpation, auscultation, and measuring blood pressure.
Infection and inflammation of heart includes endocarditis, myocarditis, peric...
Here we have seen about the infections and inflammatory diseases of the heart. It includes the endocarditis, Myocarditis, pericarditis, and the inflammation includes the rheumatic fever and heart diseases. Regarding the nursing care the betty neuman theory was applied for the better outcome in patient care. At last the journal references from the Indian medical council and the West Indian med from Jamaica they says that the Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continue to be a major health hazard in most developing countries as well as sporadically in developed economies. They concluded that the infection and inflammatory disease of heart is completely preventable one. The study too says that it occurs mostly in the age group of 5-15 yr of children. Finally Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease have relatively long and expensive hospital stays which are preventable by careful adherence to prevention programme. Thank you guys, i think this will useful for u to understand easily.
Cardiac Versus Non Cardiac
There is no definitive way to differentiate between cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain without further evaluation. Severe chest pain should always be taken seriously and evaluated in an emergency department. Cardiac chest pain is caused by reduced blood flow and oxygen to the heart, which can lead to a heart attack without treatment. Non-cardiac chest pain can be due to structures in the chest like the esophagus or lungs. A medical history and physical exam can provide clues but further testing is often needed to determine the underlying cause of chest pain.
Cardititis and causes and sign symptome .
1) Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart called the endocardium. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and can damage or destroy heart valves.
2) Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. It is often caused by viral infections but can also be caused by other infections, autoimmune diseases, injuries or certain medications.
3) Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, the middle muscular layer of the heart wall. It is commonly caused by viral infections but can also be caused by bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections, as well as certain drugs or toxins.
Cardiovascular emergencies version 2
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The document discusses signs and symptoms of various cardiovascular emergencies like myocardial infarction, angina, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure. It also covers assessment of chest pain, including gathering a history and performing a physical exam to determine the likely cause and guide treatment and transport. The goal is to identify life threats and provide care to stabilize the patient while expediting transport to a hospital.
PERICARDIAL TEMPONADE drmousa.pdf
Cardiac tamponade is a serious condition where blood or fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, putting pressure on the heart and preventing it from pumping effectively. Signs include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure. Treatment involves removing the fluid via pericardiocentesis and managing blood pressure and heart function. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, ECG, and cardiac output; maintaining bed rest; providing education; and assessing for complications.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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- 3. TYPES : - 1. Blunt injury : - does not penetrate into tissue #. Road traffic accident #. Pedestrain accident #. Sports injury 2.Penetrating injury : - That penetrate cell and tissue inside The body # . Gunshot # . Knife
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