Natural vegetation refers to flora and fauna that exist without human intervention, while different types of soil support various vegetation forms. India has five major types of forests: tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical thorn forests, montane forests, and mangrove forests, each adapted to specific climatic and rainfall conditions. The country's diverse wildlife includes over 90,000 animal species, highlighting the ecological richness and the importance of preserving natural habitats.

2. Natural Vegetation:
• The vegetation which has been
left undisturbed by humans for a
long time is called virgin
vegetation
• Flora: Plant species of a
particular region or period are
called flora.
• Fauna: The animal species of a
particular region or period are
The naturally growing plant
cover; without human aid; is
called natural vegetation.

3. Land
• sometimes referred to as dry land, is the
solid surface of the Earth that is not
permanently covered by water.[1]
• The vast majority of human activity occurs
in land areas that
support agriculture, habitat, and
various natural resources

4. Soil
• Different types of soil are fit for different
types of vegetation. For example; sandy
soil is fit for cactus and thorny bushes,
while wet and marshy soil is fit for
mangrove vegetation.
• The Soil also vary over space. Different
types of soil provide basis for different
types of vegetation the sandy soils of the
desert support cactus and thorny bushes
of the while wet marshy , deltaic soil

5. Climate

6. Temperature and Humidity:
• Temperature and humidity are the
main factors which determine the
character and extent of vegetation.
• An area with high temperature and
high humidity supports evergreen
forest, while an area with high
temperature and low humidity
supports thorny bushes.

8. Photoperiod (Sunlight)
• The duration of sunlight is called
photoperiod. Photoperiod
depends on latitude, altitude,
season and duration of the day.
• Trees grow faster in summer
because of longer photoperiod.

9. Precipitation
• If an area gets heavy rainfall, it
is suitable for the growth of
dense vegetation.
• On the other hand, an area
with scanty rainfall is suitable
for thorny bushes

10. Ecosystem
• All the plants and animals in an area
are interdependent on each other.
The plants and animals;
• Along with their physical environment
make the ecosystem. A very large
ecosystem is called a biome. Biomes
are identified on the basis of plants.

11. Area in percent of forest

12. Types of vegetation
There are five major types of
vegetation in India:
• Tropical Rainforests.
• Tropical Deciduous Forests.
• Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs.
• Montane Forests
• Mangrove Forests.

13. Tropical Rainforests.
• The tropical rainforests are confined to
areas of heavy rainfall. Such areas are in
the Western Ghats, upper parts of Assam,
Tamil Nadu coast and the island groups of
Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar.
• Areas which receive more 200 cm of
rainfall and have a short dry season are
the best area for tropical rainforest. Almost
all kinds of vegetation; like trees, shrubs
and creepers; are found in such a forest.
The forest has a multilayered structure.

14. Tropical Deciduous Forests.
• Tropical deciduous forests are the most
widespread forests of India. They are spread
in those regions which get rainfall between
200 cm and 70 cm.
• They are also called the monsoon forests.
The trees of tropical deciduous rainforests
shed their leaves during summer.
• These forests can be divided into two types
on the basis of availability of water.

15. Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
• Thorn forests grow in those regions which
receive less than 70 cm of rainfall. This type of
vegetation is found in the north-western part of
India, e.g. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
• The main plant species in such a forest are
acacia, palms, euphorbias and cactus. The trees
are scattered and they have long roots which go
very deep in the ground. The stems are
succulent to conserve water. Leaves are usually
modified into thorns to prevent evaporation.
Camel, rats, mice, rabbits, fox, wolf, tiger, lion,

17. Mangrove Forests
• Mangrove forests are found in the deltas
of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna,
the Godavarai and the Kaveri. Roots of the
mangrove plants are submerged under
water. Hollow roots grow out vertically
above water so that roots can breathe.
Sundari tree is the most common tree in
such forests; especially in the Sunderban
Delta. Royal Bengal Tiger is the most
famous animal of these forests.
Additionally, turtles, crocodiles, gharials
and snakes are found in these forests

18. In India states cover with forest

20. Wild life

21. Wild life information
• There are more than 90,000 animal species
in India. There are more than 2000 species
of birds in India.
• there are 2,000 nearly 5 and 8 percent of the
world’s amphibians , reptiles and mammals
Elephants are found in the hot wet forests of
Assam,
• Karnataka and Kerala. One-horned rhinos
are found in the swampy and marshy lands
of Assam and West Bengal.

22. Wildlife sanctuaries

23. National parks