The document discusses natural vegetation and wildlife in India. It begins by noting India's high level of biodiversity, with millions of plant and animal species. It then defines key terms like virgin vegetation and mega-biodiversity, noting that India is one of 12 mega-diverse countries. The document outlines the major factors influencing vegetation - relief, climate, and soil conditions. It describes the different vegetation zones in India like tropical rainforests, deciduous forests, and mangrove forests. Statistics are provided on forest cover and density in India. The document concludes by noting India's rich wildlife, though many species are endangered due to threats like habitat loss.

1. NATURALVEGETATION
AND
WILDLIFE

2. LESSON AT A GLANCE
 We share this planet with millions of other living
creatures, starting from micro-organisms and
bacteria, lichens to banyan trees, elephants and
blue whales. If we look around ourselves, we will
able to find that there are some animals and
plants which are unique in our area. In fact,
India is one of the richest countries in the terms
of biological diversity.

3. Virgin Vegetation
It refers to a plant community which has grown
with the help of natural factors, without human
aid, and has been undisturbed by man for a long
time.

4. Mega biodiversity
The concept of mega biodiversity was introduced by World Bank. India is one of the 12
mega diversity countries in the world. Around 10% of India’s species and more than 21%
of its 372 mammal species are endangered.

5. Flora
The total plantation cover consisting of forests,
grasslands and shrubs. It is the original natural
vegetation of the area.

6. Fauna
The animal life of an given area is
known as Fauna.

8. Relief
1.Land
2.Soil

9. land
 We see different kinds of vegetation in the mountainous
region, plains and plateau and desert area. The kind of
plants which grow in dry and wet areas also differ. The
land influence the natural vegetation. The fertile land is
used for cultivation and growing crops. The woodland and
grassland grow in rough terrains and slopes.

10. Soil
The soil differ from place to place, and each soil
has different characteristics and support different
types of plants e.g. the dry sandy soil of the desert
supports cactus and thorny bushes. The water and
soil of the delta region support mangroves and
wetland forests.

11. Climate
1. Temperature
2. Photoperiod
3. Precipitation

12. Temperature

13. Photoperiod
The amount of sunlight received by a place depends upon the latitude of
a place, altitude, season, duration of day. The trees grow faster due to
longer sunlight

14. Precipitation
In India most of the rainfall is brought by the advancing south-west
monsoon and retreating north-east monsoon. Areas of heavy rainfall
have dense vegetation and dry and arid region have sparse vegetation.
Vegetation Zone Mean annual
Ave. Temp. (°C)
Mean Temp. in
Jan.
Remarks
Tropical Above 24°C Above 18°C No Frost
Sub-Tropical 17°C - 24°C 10°C - 18°C Frost is rare
Temperate 7°C - 17°C -1°C – (-10°C) Frost/some snow
Alpine Below 7°C Below -1°C Snow
Table 1 : Temperature Characteristics of the Vegetation Zones

15. Importance Of Forests
• Forest helps to enhance the quality of environments.
• They modify the local climate
• They control soil erosion
• They regulate the flow of streams
• They control the wind force
• They maintain temperature
• They cause rainfall
• They provide humus to the soil
• They provide shelter to wildlife

16. 18
79
35
27
37
9 4
30
12
20
35
40
15
80
75
82 83
35
5 7
37
20
45
15 13
90
10
40
5 5 0 0
AndhraPradesh
ArunanchalPradesh
Assam
BiharandJharkhand
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
HimachalPradesh
Jammu&Kashmir
Karnataka
Kerala
MadhyaPradesh&Chhatisgarh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orrisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
TamilNadu
Tripura
UttarPradesh&Uttarakhand
WestBengal
A&nIslands
Chandigarh
Dadra&NagarHaveli
Daman&Diu
Delhi
Lakshadweep
Pondicherry
Forest Area
Forest Area
Forest Area covered in India (State-wise)

17. Non Forest
81%
Scrub
1%
Open Forest
8%
Moderately Dense
8%
Very Dense Forest
2%
Density Of Forest
Non Forest Scrub Open Forest Moderately Dense Very Dense Forest

18. Ecosystem
All the plants and animals in an area are
independent and interrelation to each other
in their physical department.

19. Types Of Vegetation In India
1. Tropical Rainforest
2. Tropical Deciduous Forest
3. Tropical Thorn Forest & Scrubs
4. Mountain Forest
5. Mangrove Forest

20. Tropical Rain Forest
• They are found in areas having more than 200 cm
of rainfall.
• This region is warm and wet throughout the year.
• Some examples of trees are Mahogany, Rosewood,
Rubber, Cinchona etc.
• Some examples of animals are Elephant, Monkey,
Deer and Lemur etc.

21. Tropical Deciduous Forest
• They are found in areas having 70 cm to 200 cm of
rainfall.
• They are of two types : 1. Moist
2. Dry
• Some examples of trees are Teak, Sal, Peepal and
Neem etc.
• Some examples of animals are Lion, Tiger, Pig and
Deer etc.

22. Tropical Thorn Forest And
Scrubs
• They are found in areas having less than 70 cm of
rainfall.
• This region is dry most time of the year.
• Some examples of trees are Cactus, Palms etc.
• Some examples of animals are Rats, Lion, Mice
and Wild Ass etc.

23. Mountain Forest
• They are found mostly in Himalayas
• In this region, vegetation differ with altitude.
• Some examples of trees are Chestnuts, Oaks etc.
• Some examples of animals are Rabbit, Sheep,
Goats and Red Panda etc.

24. Mangrove Forest
• They are found mostly in Deltas i.e. Sunder bans
Delta in West Bengal
• The roots of these plants are submerged in water.
• Some examples of trees are Coconut, Palm etc.
• Some examples of animals are Royal Bengal Tiger,
Crocodiles etc.

25. Medicinal Plants
1. Sarpagandha
2. Jamun
3. Arjun
4. Neem
5. Tulsi
6. Babool
Arjun Babool

26. Wildlife
• India has 89,000 of animal species and 1200 species of birds.
• They constitute 13% of world’s total.
• There are 12% of world’s fish stock.
• It also shares 5-8% of world’s amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
• India Has 14 biospheres to flora and fauna.
• Hunting, Pollution, Acid deposits and cutting forests are dangers to
India’s Flora and Fauna.
• Protect Tiger, Protect Rhino e.g. 89 National Parks, 490 wildlife
sanctuaries and many more.

28. 12972
9897
3910
3285
6339
755
16903
304
7563
14243
2094
6360
2417
10815
15426
224
302
991
222
7960
317
9569
2177
2848
604
5712
7139
2897
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
ANDHRA PRADESH
ASSAM
ARUNANCHAL PRADESH
CHATTISGARH
BIHAR
GOA
GUJARAT
HARYANA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JHARKHAND
KARNATAKA
KERALA
MADHYA PRADESH
MAHARASHTRA
MANIPUR
MEGHALAYA
MIZORAM
NAGALAND
ORRISSA
PUNJAB
RAJASTHAN
SIKKIM
TAMIL NADU
TRIPURA
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTARAKHAND
WEST BENGAL
Series1
Statewise distribution of area covered by wildlife sanctuaries in India (2006)

29. Thank You!!!!
Submitted By :
Ashutosh Tyagi
IX – C
Roll No.10
Submitted to:
Dr. N.S. Sindhu
TGT (Geography)
Dayawati Modi Academy