PPT on Natural vegetation and wildlife for class 8 It includes information about Different types of forests and parks as you can see in ppt. Don't forget to follow and like my uploads.

2. NATURAL VEGETATION
• The assemblage of plant species in an environment is
known as natural vegetation.
• Natural vegetation includes forests, grasses and
Shrubs.
• Temperature and rainfall are two important factors
for the growth of plants.
• In the areas where rainfall is heavy, the forests are
thick and dense.

3. • As the rainfall decreases, the size and concentration
of trees also reduce.
• Shrubs and short trees are common in the areas of
low rainfall or in desert areas.
• In cold regions, the growing season is very short.
Therefore, plants occur in scattered patches in the
form of mosses and lichens.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS
Tropical Hardwood
Forests
Mediterranean
Forests
Temperate
Softwood Forests
Tropical
Evergreen
Forests
Tropical
Deciduous
Forests

6. TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS
• These forests are also known
as Tropical Rain Forests because
they are confined to tropical
regions where heavy rainfall
occurs throughout the year.
• All the trees of these forests
do not shed their leaves at the
same time.

7. • Hence, the forests always appear green. That is why,
such forests are known as evergreen forests.
• They are spread in the areas of Ivory Coast, Ghana,
Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon in Africa.
• In India, they are common in the Western Ghats,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala and the North-
Eastern parts of the country.
• The favorable climatic conditions for these forests are
heavy and well-distributed rainfall (200 cm) and hot
climate throughout the year.

8. • The hardwood trees of these forests are very tall,
sometimes reach up to 60 meters.
• Several species of trees are found within a single area.
• These forests are characterized by dense growth of
vegetation.
• The trees have broad leaves to permit transpiration of
surplus moisture.
• Some of the typical trees are mahogany, ebony,
rosewood, rubber and palm.
• The animals found in rain forests are elephant, lemur,
monkey and deer

9. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS
• These forests are also known
as Monsoon Forests because
they are common in the
Monsoon areas of the world.
• These forests are commonly
found in India, Myanmar,
South China, East Brazil and
Central parts of America.

10. • These forests thrive in regions where the climate is
warm, with distinct wet and dry seasons.
• Deciduous Forests receive summer rainfall in the
months of June, July, August and September ranging
between 100-200 cm.
• The vegetation in these forests is not as dense as that
in the Tropical Evergreen Forests.
• The Deciduous Forests have predominantly broad-
leafed trees and medium size leaves and they shed
their leaves during the dry season to conserve
moisture.

11. • Trees are medium in height (30-
40 meters).
• Common trees are sal, teak,
sandalwood, bamboo and
shisham.
• Eucalyptus is common in
Australia.
• The animals found in Deciduous
forests are lion, tiger, elephant
and numerous kinds of reptiles.

12. MEDITERRANEAN FORESTS
These forests are mainly located in
regions around the Mediterranean
Sea.
The main areas are the shores of
Europe, Asia, North Africa and
South-Western parts of South Africa.
These forests are usually found in
the areas which have dry summer
and moderate rainfall during winter.

13. • Trees of these forests are widely scattered and have
spiny, waxy, small and leathery-textured leaves.
• They also have long roots and thick bark.
• Due to the above features, these trees are able to
retain moisture in the dry summer season.
• The important trees of these forests are cork, olive and
citrus fruit trees.
• The popular animal species found in Mediterranean
forests are Mediterranean monk seal, Barbary
macaque, Greek tortoise, Iberian lynx, Great busted,
etc.

14. TEMPERATE SOFTWOOD FORESTS
• These Forests are commonly
known as Coniferous Forests as
the shape of the trees looks
conical.
• Such forests are common in the
higher latitudes of the northern
hemisphere and high mountains
in Europe, Asia, North Canada
and USA.
PINE TREE

15. • In India, the Temperate Softwood Forests are found in
southern slopes of the Himalayas and are commonly
known as Mountain Forests.
• These forests are found in the colder regions of the
world. Here, the precipitation is received in the form
of snow in winter.
• Most of the trees are tall and conical in shape.
• Due to their shape, the snow cannot accumulate on
them.
• These trees do not shed their thick needle-shaped
leaves and hence, look evergreen.

16. • Pine, fur, spruce, cedar, deodar, sliver
fir, chestnut and walnut are some of
the common trees in these forests.
• These trees have commercial
importance and are used for various
purposes, such as making of pulp,
plywood, etc.
• The animals commonly found in
Softwood Forests are Kashmir stag,
spotted deer, Tibetan antelope, snow
leopard, tiger and golden eagle.
Tibetan Antelope

17. ADVANTAGES OF FORESTS
• Forests are the breathing lungs of the civilization and
therefore, are very important for the survival of life on
earth.
• Forests help us to breathe by converting carbon dioxide
into oxygen.
• They provide safe habitat to the wild animals.
• Many people depend on forests for their livelihood.
• Trees also help in keeping the earth cool.

18. • For Deforestation , Government has taken several
stringent measures to protect our forest cover. Some of
these measures are:
 Afforestation or large scale plantation of trees.
 ‘Each one plant one’ policy.
 Efficient utilization of forest products and usage of
substitutes of wood.
 Enforcement of a number of laws/guidelines to
protect forests and prohibit deforestation.
 Discouraging shifting cultivation which causes forest
loss.

19. WILDLIFE
• Wildlife includes non-domesticated animals, such as
birds, fishes and animals, which make forests as their
natural habitat.
• It is the most important part of the natural
ecosystem.
• Wildlife varies from place to place due to climatic
variations.
• For example, in India, there is a rich variety of birds
and animals.

20. • The blackbuck, peacock, lion
and Bengal tiger are found in
India.
• Australia is famous for kola
bear, emu and kookabura.
• Wildlife is very essential to
maintain the ecological balance
on the earth’s surface.
Blackbuck
EMU
EMU

21. KOOKABURA IS KNOWN
AS LAUGHING JACKASS.

22. • Dead and decaying plants and animals also produce
humus, which is helpful to maintain the fertility of the
soil.
• In various parts of the world, wild animals are hunted
for various purposes like meat, skin, horns, etc.
• This disturbs the ecological balance of the
environment.
• Many birds have become extinct and many others are
on the verge of extinction.
• Our forests are treasure troves of biodiversity.
• They harbour millions of species of animals.

23. • Many animals have become extinct because they have lost
natural habitat.
• Hence, there is great need for the conservation of wildlife.
• Several steps are being taken by the Government of India to
conserve the wildlife. Some of these are:
 Hunting and poaching of wild animals and birds have been
banned.
 Killing of wildlife is a punishable offence.
 National parks and wildlife sanctuaries are being set-up in
different parts of the world.
 At present India has 103 National Parks and 528 Wildlife
Sanctuaries.

24. • A National Park is a well-defined area for the
protection of wildlife. Visitors can only visit the park.
• No one has a right to use any forest products.
• Collection of firewood, timber from any part of the
forest is totally prohibited.
• Grand Canyon National Park of USA is declared as a
world heritage site by the UNESCO (United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).
NATIONAL PARK

25. WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
• It is a declared protected area in which limited human
activities are permitted.
• Hunting of animals and cutting of trees are banned.
People can collect firewood, timber and medicinal
herbs in a moderate amount which can be used for
research and educational purposes.
• The UNESCO has selected Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
of India as a world heritage site.

26. 30-07-2021
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• In India Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 prohibits
poaching, hunting and trade of wildlife.
• In 1973 ‘Project Tiger’ was launched in India with the
aim of conserving tigers.
• Initially nine tiger reserves were set-up, which
expanded to 39 tiger reserves in 2010.
• Jim Corbett National Park of Uttrakhand is a famous
tiger reserve of India.

27. THANK
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