This presentation is about the early revolts that took place in the Philippines in the first part of Spanish colonization after Lapu Lapu has killed Magellan. Starting from 1574, the first notable revolt is the Lakandula Revolt lead by Lakandula and Raja Sulayman.
This presentation serves as a midterm project for the course Readings in Philippine History. No part of this presentation maybe reproduced and distributed in any printed form especially if its for commercial purposes.
References:
PRIMARY SOURCES
The History of the Philippines by Leogardo
(from JRU Main Library)
Introduction to Filipino History by Teodoro A. Agoncillo
(from JRU Main Library)
The Filipino Nation by Helen R. Tubangui, et.al
(from JRU Main Library)
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36438/36438-h/36438-h.htm
SECONDARY SOURCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain
https://www.slideshare.net/NiachleoDianneSaplad/filipino-revolts
https://prezi.com/od_bzjnoecqv/revolts-of-lakandula-and-sulayman-first-pampanga-revolt-the-tondo-conspiracy-magalats-revolt/
This presentation is about the early revolts that took place in the Philippines in the first part of Spanish colonization after Lapu Lapu has killed Magellan. Starting from 1574, the first notable revolt is the Lakandula Revolt lead by Lakandula and Raja Sulayman.
This presentation serves as a midterm project for the course Readings in Philippine History. No part of this presentation maybe reproduced and distributed in any printed form especially if its for commercial purposes.
References:
PRIMARY SOURCES
The History of the Philippines by Leogardo
(from JRU Main Library)
Introduction to Filipino History by Teodoro A. Agoncillo
(from JRU Main Library)
The Filipino Nation by Helen R. Tubangui, et.al
(from JRU Main Library)
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36438/36438-h/36438-h.htm
SECONDARY SOURCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain
https://www.slideshare.net/NiachleoDianneSaplad/filipino-revolts
https://prezi.com/od_bzjnoecqv/revolts-of-lakandula-and-sulayman-first-pampanga-revolt-the-tondo-conspiracy-magalats-revolt/
The Spanish colonial period of the Philippines began when explorer Ferdinand Magellan came to the islands in 1521 and claimed it as a colony for the Spanish Empire. The period lasted until the Philippine Revolution in 1898.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
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11. Reported to Pedro Sarmiento,
the encomendero of the
Calamianes
Then reported to
Governor General
Santiago de Vera
Salamat, De Legazpi,
Basi, Gayo and
Dionisio Fernandez
were hanged and
their bodies were
drawn and quartered
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. ~Opposition to Reduccion ~
Gaddangs of
Cagayan
Reduccion 1622-
1623 Isnegs of
Apayao,1625
Spaniards negotiate to the families of chiefs in order to
ensure the payment of tribute
Fled to the surrounding mountains
Up to the second half of the 17th century, Cagayan was
never pacified.
20. • Tapar proclaimed himself as
God and called assistants,
“Jesus Christ” and “Holy
Ghost” and led the revolt in
Panay
• They killed Fr. Francisco
de Mesa and burned his
house
• The Spaniards failed to
capture him and hired
assassins who finally
killed Tapar and his men.
21. • They brought the
body of Tapar and
female leader Maria
Santisima at the
Jalaur River to be
eaten by crocodiles.
9/9/16
22. • Revolt in Cagayan led by Francisco Rivera who
called himself “Papa y Rey” (Pope and King)
• He told Cagayanos to return the rosaries and
scapularies to the Dominicans.
• He and his men engaged battle with Spaniards
at Lal-lo and killed more than 50 men.
• He lose followers because of his “irreligious
and despotic” that enable Spanish forces to
end his revolt under Don Juan Pablo Orduña.
23. • Cagayan revolt led by Luis Matangaga caused
by unjust collection of tributes by the alcalde
mayor.
• His revolt reached Isabela and commanded
3000 men.
• The followers of Matangaga fled to the
mountains as sign of revolt against Spanish
government.
39. MALONG’S
FORCES
• PEDRO GUMAPOS
(COUNT)
• FRANCISCO
PACADUA (JUDGE)
• JACINTO
MACASIAG
(GENERAL)
• MELCHOR DE VERA
(GENERAL)
SPANISH
FORCES
• GENERAL
UGALDE (SEA)
• GENERAL
ESTEYBAR
(LAND)
43. Causes of the revolt:
A.Abuses committed by
provincial governor
joaquin gamboa
Drafting of polistas
Control of community
chest
Collection of
additional tributes
51. SILANG’S
FORCES
• ABRA
• CAGAYAN
• BRITISH
SPANISH
FORCES
• BISHOP BERNARDO
USTARIZ
• GOVERNOR SIMON
DE ANDA
• PEDRO BECBEC
• MIGUEL VICOS
• DON MANUEL DE
ARZA
62. THE
REVOLT OF
THE
KAILINESS
OF ILOCOS
➤ kailianes = leading
citizens of Sarrat
➤ leaders: Simon
Tomas, Mariano
Espiitu, Vicente
Santiago, and
Andres Bugarin
➤ cause: deprived of
privileges
➤ Defeated
64. APOLINARIO DE LA CRUZ (HERMANO PULE)
(HERMANO PULE)
• wanted to be a priest
• discriminated as an indio
• founded the Cofradia
• “king of tagalogs”
• shot to death and quartered
68. Definition of Moro
• a member of any of the various
tribes of Muslim Malays in the
southern Philippines
• a Muslim inhabitant of the
Philippines
69. Spanish-Moro Wars
• Refers to the three-century resistance of
the Muslims in Mindanao from
conversion to Christianity which began
in the 1500s. It was characterized by
brutalities on the side of the Spaniards
who wanted to conquer the southern
islands of the Philippines.
70. Before the coming of the
Spaniards..
• Islam was not confined to Southern
Mindanao and Sulu
• Some islands in the Visayas and parts of
the coast of Luzon had Muslim
settlements
71. Arrival of the Spaniards
• It was quite easy to convert the inhabitants
or defeat them in battle like the case of
Sulayman in 1571
• Through the colonization of Luzon and
Visayas, Muslim influence was driven back
to Mindanao and Sulu
• The Spaniards noted that Muslim
resistance was stronger as they approached
Borneo
• For fear of the Moros and the lack of
knowledge of Mindanao, Legazpi and his
men stayed out of the island
72. Reasons for the Moro
resistance and War
• More organized sultanates in Mindanao
and Sulu
• Spirit of the Darul Islam (the world of
Islam)
• Economy
74. 1587 – 1588
• The caciques (native chief) of Tondo tried
to recruit the help of their Muslim
brethren
• Sultan Sirela asked for Spanish aid to
restore him to the Bornean throne
• Governor General Francisco de Sande led a
force of Spaniards
• Sirela was again deposed
• de Sande’s troops were forced to leave
when a plague broke out among the men
76. 1596
• Figueroa obtained a commission from the
Spanish governor general to colonize
Mindanao
• With a force of 1,500 Visayans, 214
Spaniards and two Jesuits, Figueroa’s
expedition left Iloilo on February 1, 1596
• The Spaniards sent another expedition in
November 1596 which managed to build a
blockhouse at Caldera Bay in Zamboanga
78. 1599
• In July 1599, Silongan and Sali
gathered a fleet of 50 caracoas
and 3,000 men which plundered
the towns of Panay, Negros, and
Cebu 1629
• In Surigao,the Spaniards established
a settlement from which they
launched two expeditions against
Jolo
79. 1635
• The Spaniards seized a small
settlement at the tip of the
Zamboanga peninsula on April 6,
1935 and built the Fort of Nuestra
Señora del Pilar in Zamboanga
• Tagal, a brother of Maguindanao
Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat who
succeeded Buisan, led a powerful fleet
which plundered Mindoro, Cuyo and
the Calamianes Islands
80. 1637
• Under Governor General Hurtado de
Corcuera, a strong Spanish force was
sent on February 2, 1637 and invaded
Kudarat’s stronghold at Lamitan and
later at Ilihan in Lanao
1638
• Corcuera then turned his
attention on Sulu and invaded
Jolo which fell on Janury 4, 1638
after a siege of four months
81. 1639
• Corcuera also sent an expedition composed
of Boholanos which reached as far as Lake
Lanao
1645
• Sultan Kadarat and the Spaniards
concluded a treaty allowing the
respect of Muslim and Christian
religions and promising an end to
the raids on Christian settlements
83. 1645 – 1654
• Jealous enemies from within the colonial
government schemed against Governor
General Corcuera complaining over the
costs of his campaigns in Mindanao and
Sulu
• Spanish campaigns unified the Moros of
Mindanao and Sulu against the Spanish
menace under Sultan Kudarat who was
recognized as the foremost leader of the
Moros
• In the Caraga region, only the presidio
remained under the Spaniards
84. 1645 – 1654
• The Spanish garrison in Jolo did not
last long because the Tausugs under
Sultan Salahud Din Karamat made a
determined effort to retake the city
• After seven years, the Spanish outpost
was wiped out and Jolo again became
the capital sultanate of Sulu
85. 1655
• Kudarat declared an all-out jihad and
invited the Tausugs of Jolo, Borneans,
Tidoreans, and Ternatans to join in a
general offensive against the Spaniards
• Spanish power was further weakened
when the Spaniards decided to
abandon Zamboanga and the forts at
the Calamianes and Sabanilla in
Palawan to counter Koxinga’s threat to
invade Manila in 1662
86. 1675
• The Sultan of Sulu intervened in a civil
war in Brunei at the request of his
relative, Sultan Muaddin of Brunei and
was rewarded for what is now Sabah
• Meanwhile, the frequency of Moro raids
forced coastal communities to move
inland
87. 1701
• The Sultan of Sulu tried to visit the
Sultan of Maguindanao
• In the confrontation that followed, the
Sultan of Sulu landed his forces and
defeated the Maguindanaos
88. 1718
• King Philip V issued two orders to
reoccupy Zamboanga in 1666 and
1617
• The Moros were again driven away
and Fort Pilar was rebuilt to watch
over the Basilan Strait
• The Spaniards resorted to
diplomacy by requesting the Sultan
of Sulu to allow Christian
missionaries to preach in his realms
in exchange for the privilege to
trade
89. 1750
• The Sultan of Sulu, Sultan Ali Mundin
(Azimundin) was considered a weakling
by the Moros for signing a treaty with
Spain in 1737
• His brother Bantilan plotted to
assassinate him and seize power
• Ali Mundin was persuaded to become a
Christian taking the name Don Fernando
de Alimundin
• The Spaniards planned to restore Ali
Mundin to his throne and they wanted to
use him to convince the Sultan of
Maguindanao to follow his path
90. • Governor General issued a decree on
December 21, 1751 ordering a total war on
Moros.
• The Moros wiped out a British trading post in
Basilan in 1775 and capture more than a
million dollars of goods and war materials.
• In 1800, the Spanish light navy or Marina Sutil
launched raids on pirate strongholds.
• By the 19th century, the authority of Sulu and
Maguindanao sultans was weakening and it
became possible for the Spaniards to enter
into separate treaties with other leaders.
• The Iranun datus of of Sibuguay accepted
Spanish sovereignty.
91. • In September 1862, Sulu recognized Jamal-
ul Kiram as the new sultan.
• The French purchased the island of Basilan
form the sultan of Sulu for 100,000 francs.
• The Spaniards were also against the Sulus
trading with other countries.
• To curb piracy, the Spanish government
bought steamboats from Great Britain
which were crucial to the crushing of pirate
bases in Balangili and Tongkil.
92. • On December 24, 1850, Claveria’s
successor Antonio Urbiztondo attacked
Jolo.
• On February 22, 1876, a strong
Filipino-Spanish force invaded Jolo.
• Sultan Jamal-ul Kiram entered into a
treaty with Baron Gustavus Overbeck,
an Austrian adventurer. The sultan
agreed to lease in perpetuity the
territory of North Borneo to the British
North Borneo Company.
• Spain allowed the Germans and the
British to trade directly with Sulu in
the protocol signed by the three
countries on March 26, 1877
93. • On 1855, another protocol was signed in
which Britain and Germany recognized
Spain’s sovereignty over the Sulu
archipelago. However, Spain renounced
its claims to the territories tributary to
the Sultan of Sulu including North
Borneo.
• Fighting between the Spanish forces
and the sultanate officially ended with
the treaty between Governor General
Malcampo and Sultan Jamal-ul Kiram.
• The treaties of the sultans did not stop
them or their datus from defying Spain.
Aside from organized warfare, the
Spaniards had to deal with individual
warfare waged by sabillalahs or
juramentados.
94. • In 1887, the Spaniards launched an
attack on Maimbung.
• In 1891, Governor General Valeriano
Weyler began pacifying the Lake Lanao
region which remained defiant.
• In 1894, Governor General Ramon
Blanco carried out a systematic
campaign to reduce the Maranaos into
submission
• After the signing of the Pact of Biak na
Bato on December 14 and 15, 1897,
the Spaniards were given an
opportunity to renew that campaign in
Mindanao.
95. • In February 1898, General Buille fought
what became the last major campaign
against the Maranaos.
• With the signing of treaty of Paris on
December 10, 1898, operations were
stopped and the small warships were sunk
in deep waters of Lake Lanao.
• The Spanish troops were later replaced by
the first American troops in 1899.
• Among the peoples of the Philippines, the
Moros along with some people of the
north like the Igorots and Tingguians were
never subjugated by Spain.
96. • The Moro wars were a victory for
the Moros because they continued
defying Spain until the end of its
rule.
• The wars brought great hardship
to the people of Luzon and the
Visayas as they live in constant
fear of Moro raids.
97. • The Moro wars also divided the Filipinos
according to sectarian lines. The
Filipinos of Luzon and the Visayas
inherited the same bias of the
Spaniards against the Moros.
• This bias contributed to problems like
difficulty in integrating the Moros into
the body politic and claims neglect of
the Moros which are yet to be solved to
this day.
