The document summarizes various challenges to Spanish authority in the Philippines between 1560 and the 1820s. It describes revolts led by figures such as Lapu-Lapu, Magalat, Malong, and Bancao in response to Spanish colonial abuses, economic policies, and attempts to impose Christianity. It also discusses Portuguese and Dutch incursions in the Philippines during this period, as well as the long struggle to colonize and convert Muslim populations in the southern islands who resisted Spanish rule until the end of their administration.

1. Challenges to
Spanish Authority
(1560 – 1820s)

2. Group Two!! :)

3. I. Ruins of old Spanish forts, a moro
watchtower along the coast, statues of
Spanish conquistadores and missionaries.
A.Filipino heroes like Lapu-Lapu, Rajah
Sulayman, Sultan Kudarat, mark many
Philippine towns.
B.These makers have great stories to tell and
lesson to teach.
II.The Spanish colonial government was
greatly challenged by its rivals, the
Portuguese and the Dutch in Luzon,Visayas,
and Mindanao.

4. WHY? :)
 1st, the revolts lacked coordination.
 2nd, the Filipinos had no leader of great
ability.
 3rd, the Filipinos had insufficient arms to
fight on equal terms the Spaniards and their
Filipino soldiers.
 4th, there was no feeling of unity and
nationalism among the Filipinos.
 5th, many Filipinos were more loyal to the
Spaniards, especially to the friars, than their
countrymen. *The Spanish colonial, have
adapted the policy “divide and rule”.

6.  Portuguese believed that Philippines is the
island belong toTreaty of Zaragoza.
 Gen. Gonzalgo Pereira – the one who
command Portuguese ships anchored in
Cebu.
 Dutch – freedom
loving people
Independence 1579
Thirty year’s war in
Europe- Spain was
Deeply involved &
Recognized by Holland’s independence w/
Treaty of West Phalia in 1648

7.  Admiral Oliver Van Noort- One who
commanded by Holland to send expedition
in the East in 1597.
 Antonio De Morga- One who command
to engaged the Dutch in a battle.
Antonio De Morga
Oliver Van Noort

10. Martin De Goiti- The
Legazpi’s second master of
camp.
Gov. Guido De
Lavezares- Successor of
Legazpi.
Limahong, Lakan Dula- Led a
revolt against the Spaniards.
Juan De Salcedo & Fr.
Geronima Marin- Persuated
Lakan Dula lay down his arms.

11. The Tondo “Conspiracy”
Despite the Spanish
 “Promises of good
treatment”The Filipino harbored
feelings of hostility towards
The hostility was ignited
by “love of freedom”

12. The Revolt of Magalat”
Disillusionment with Spanish rule may not be
national in scope but it spread too many places.
In Cagayan, some natives led by Magalat, in
revolt against Spanish rule in 1596 and although
it was quelled, the Filipino continued the
opposition to Spaniards. The Governor-general
sent a strong contingent compose of a few
Spanish Soldiers and a hundreds of Filipino
recruits again in Magalat but the Ilocanos fought
bravely. They hired a Filipino assassin to murder
Magalat.
The plan succeeded and Magalat was killed.

13. Ladia’s “Conspiracy”
Pedro Ladia a native of
Bormeo who came to
Bulacan to lead an armed
uprising against the
Spaniards.
 His plan reach the
friar- curate of Malolos
who dissuaded the town
people from believing
Ladia.

14. The Revolt of Maniago:
 In 1660, the kapampangans,
under the leadership of
Francisco Maniago, declared
War against the Spaniards. But
aside from this purpose the
revolt was also caused by the
abuses of the Spanish officials
who refused to pay for the food
they had taken from the
Filipinos.

15. The angry kapampangans set fire
to their houses and swore they
would continue to fight until they
regained their freedom. They
issued an appeal to the people of
pangasinan and ilocos provinces
to join them in their battle for
freedom. Fearing other towns
might follow Maniago’s example,
personally conferred with the
chief of Arayat, juan macapagal,
who promised to help the
Spaniards quell the revolt.

16. Consequently, Maniago sent an
emissary to the governor-general in
order to make peace and make the
following demands: (1) the governor-
general to pardon all those who
participated in the revolt (2)the
kapampangans to received the sum of
P200,000 as payment for the rice which
the Spaniards seized from their
barangays, of this amount, P14,000 was
actually paid (3)the nkapampangans
to continue to cut timber as required
by the law on forced labor, accepted
this demands and Maniago, satisfied
laid down his arms.

17. The Revolt of Malong

18. The Master-of-Camp
A native of Binalatongan,Pangasinan
Proclaimed himself as “King of Pangasinan
Was captured on Feb.6,1661 in a hut between Calasiao
and Bacnotan
Sequence of the Revolt
The First Stirring of the Revolt
Malong started his campaign in a small barangay
called Malungue. After the revolt of Maniago in
Pampanga, Gov. Gen. Sabiniano Manrique de Lara sent
Francisco Amaya and his troops to warn other Spanish
leaders in Pangasinan,Ilocos and Cagayan to be ready
in case of other revolt rise again.He also ordered
Francisco de Quiros (Sargento Mayor of Manila) to sent
soldiers to Francisco Gomez Pulido to help him fight
the native that will revolt against them.

19. The Lingayen Massacre
On Dec.15,1660,Malong and his 1,000 soldiers
raided the house of the Alguacil Mayor of Lingayen
(chief of police) Nicolas de Campos. He and his family
was killed and the house is set on fire.
The force of discontentment increased each day
in each town. Francisco Pulido has no chance
against Malong. Pulido and his family together
with his soldiers tried to scape by the river
through the use of champan. They managed to
sail the Lingayen Gulf but they were overtaken
and were massacred by the troops of Malong.
The only survivors are the two children of Pulido, one
girl that Malong took with him and a new born baby boy
that was saved by a servant of Pulido who manage to
hide. Only the priest were spared.
Pulido, his wife, his sister and de Campos were all
beheaded and were put in the middle of Lingayen to
prove the downfall of the Spaniards.

20. The First Mistake of Malong
All houses and offices of the spaniards in
Lingayen were all destroyed.They attacked
the churches and convent of Juan Camacho
(Dominican Friar).But Dagupan
(Bocnotan),led by Camacho, refuses to join the
revolt.Malong and his army, lead by Pedro
Gumapos attacked,destroyed and burned
Dagupan.Malong proclaimed himself as “king
of Pangasinan” and appointed Pedro
Gumapos as “Conde”.

21. The Second Mistake of Malong
After Malong destroyed Dagupan,he thought that his
kingdom is going strong.He sent letter to Maniago but
when he did not receive any news about the revolt in
Pampanga,he fulfilled his second mistake.
Because Malong did not receive any feedback from
Ilocos nor Cagayan,he ordered Pedro Gumapos with
his 3,000 soldiers to attack Ilocos and kill all the
spaniards and punish all the people that will not agree
to join them. He also sent Melchor de Vera and his
3,000 soldiers to Pampanga and help Maniago to fight
the spaniards.
Malong fulfilled his second mistake for seperating
and sending his army away from his kingdom and
leave few numbers of soldier,not enough to protect his
beloved kingdom against the spaniards that might
attack.

22. The Third Mistake of Malong
De Vera arrived at Binalatongan,he reported to Malong
that he defeated the spaniards in Pampanga.Malong
were delighted about the news and the arrival of Pedro
Gumapos from Ilocos.With these two successes,Malong
decided to conquer the rest of Ilocos and
Cagayan.From the two groups of De Vera and
Gumapos,he made one large group and assigned
Jacinto Macasiag as the leader.More than 4,000 Zambal
and soldiers of Pangasinan were brought by Macasiag
to the North to conquer Ilocos. The rest of the soldiers
were sent bact to Lingayen.
Almost of his soldiers sent to Ilocos,Cagayan and
Lingayen.Only few soldiers were left at Binalatongan
not enough to protect their fortress.Because of his
brutal way of killing and destroying the lives of natives
,the people of Pangasinan thought that he is
nodifferent to the spaniards, instead much worse and
that there is no use of acknowledginghis reign over
Pampanga. Fulfilling his third and last mistake that
lead to his downfall.

23. The Revenge
When the revolt of Malong started,Sumulay a relative of
Malong and one of the leader in Bolinano also revolt against
the spaniards in the northeast of Pangasinan which is the
encomienda of Admiral Pedro Duran Montforte. There is the
place where they killed and beheaded Pedro Saraspe who is a
tribute collector. His head was sent to Malong and put in the
middle of Lingayen beside other heads of the spaniards who
were beheaded at the start of revolt.
Juan Blancas, Recollect friar,refused to surrender when
Sumulay tried to conquer the whole province of Bolinao.
Together with other leaders in Pangasinan,Blancas manage to
fight for to weeks until Admiral Ugalde assigned Luis
Surriguen,(an ally of Blancas)to be the new leader of Bolinao
and left for Lingayen on Jan.6,1661.
Gov. De Lara heard the revolt occuring in Pangasinan.
Being a veteran soldier, he built a plan to prevent the revolt
from spreading to the neighboring towns of Pangasinan. The
plan is to attack Pangasinan from its two sides.
Gen. Francisco de Esteybar with his 200 soldier will attack
from southeastern part of Pangasinan. They will go to Arayat
to stop the army of De Vera and then go straight to
Pangasinan.

24. The Revenge
Gen. Felipe Ugalde will come from the northwest of Pangasinan
at Lingayen to attack the Kingdom of Malong.They reached the
Lingayen Gulf but decided to stay at a neighboring barangay of
Sauli because of the heavy rain. There is where they came across
with the group of Malong. The two groups exchange fires.
Jan.9,1661, Gen. Ugalde ordered his soldiers led by Capitan
Diego De Lemos and ordered Diego Sanchez de Almazan to attack
the soldiers of Malong and incase they got beaten,they have to
retreat as what they ordered by Gen. Ugalde.
Gen. Ugalde devide his army into three. The first group is led
by Capitan Miguel Rendon. The second group is led by Capitan
Cristobal Romulo ,one battalion, composed of 200 soldiers and
warriors from Pampanga. The last group is under the power of
Capitan Juan Diaz Yanes. The group circled around the army of
Malong in Lingayen.
The army of Malong did not expect the attack of the spaniards
from both sides ,of the town and were forced out of Lingayen and
sent back to Binalatongan.
After the losing the battle in Lingayen, Malong ordered his
men to destroy the bridge going into Binalatongan to prevent
Spaniards from getting in as wellas to find Melchor de Vera and
tell him to go back to Binalatongan to defend the kingdom. There
is where the three mistakes of Malong came to play.

25. The End Malong
Malong cannot wait for De Vera’s arrival,so he ordered the
rest of his men to attack the spaniards while he retreated to
the forest,hoping to get back at their enemy in an ambush,
but the wary Spaniards did not fall into the trap.
Meanwhile De Vera army was defeated at Magalang . He
was captured and hanged in Binalatongan. That of Pedro
Gumapos met a similar fate in Ilocos. He was hanged in
Vigan. Soon scores of rebels deserted King Malong and
disbanded,asking the spaniards for forgiveness. Some of them
offered to help the spaniard tack down Malong.
Malong was captured on Feb.6,1661 in a hut between
Calasiao and Bacnotan. He was with his mother. He was
brought to Lingayen for trial and executed there by firing
squad (some accounts say it was in Binalatongan that he was
executed-shot as he was sitting on a rock.)
Most of his ardent followers were hanged-the usual penalty
for treason. It is said that Malong died a Christian, implying
that despite initiating a revolt against the spaniards,he never
renounced the Christian faith.

26. The Revolt of Bancao:
Disillusionment with Spanish rule
was not confined to the provinces of
Luzon, disturbances in the Visayas
were also widespread.
In Leyte in 1622 Bancao, a chieftain
in Limasawa, led a revolt against the
Spaniards because of the intolerance
of the friars.
Legazpi befriended Bancao who had
given him food and other supplies.
He became a Catholic and loyal
subject of the Spanish king.

27.  Bancao returned to the religion to
the religion of his forefathers.
The Governor of Cebu to help restore
Spanish influence on the Warays in
Visayas.
 The uprising spread from Carigara
to other parts of Leyte and
endangered the Friar-curate and the
Catholic faith in the province
 Filipino soldiers under Spanish
officers and defeated Bancao who died
fighting.

31. The succeeding rebellions mainly in
Luzon were clearly economic in nature.
Hacienda System had dramatically
expanded due to the demand by the
galleon trade for agricultural products.
 Diego and Gabriela Silang led a
widespread revolt in Ilocos Sur on the
issue of the right to engage in the galleon
trade non- Spaniards or Indios.
 The Basi revolt in Ilocos Norte erupted
over the issue of government monopoly on
the production, pricing and sale of Basi, a
favorite local wine among the Ilocanos.

33. -In the Cordillera region, for instance people
lived in separate and distance tribal
communities led by a maingel, a warrior-
leader and headhunting.
-Taong bundok- which literally meant
“people of the mountains” their ancient
beliefs and way of life less exposed to the
outside world.
Headhunting/ pangangayao- Expeditions
for the lumads, another term Non-Christian
or Non-Muslim long after the colonization.

35.  Colonizing and Christianizing of the
Muslim was the longest and bloodiest
attempt of Spaniards.
 The Muslim in the country remained
unconquered and unconverted until the
end of Spanish rule.
 Moro- Is the term used by Spaniards
for the Muslims.

36. Trust in the Lord with all your heart. Never rely
on what you think you know. Remember the
Lord in everything you do, and he will show you
the right way. God bless…
Thank you