The document summarizes various Filipino revolts against Spanish rule from 1574 to 1843. It describes the causes of the revolts as oppression, tribute, forced labor, land grabs by friars, and religious persecution. It then lists the names of Filipino libertarian leaders and provides brief descriptions of 3-4 key revolts led by Lakan Dula, Dagohoy, Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang. The revolts failed due to a lack of national unity, regional divisions, communication challenges across the archipelago, and Spanish military superiority.

1. FILIPINO REVOLTS

2. CAUSES OF REVOLTS AGAINST SPAIN
 The people‟s desire to regain their lost
freedom and happiness. *
 Spanish oppression. **
 Hated tribute.**
 Forced labor.**
 Religious persecution.**
 Agrarian disputes with the friars who
grabbed the lands of the natives.
 Spanish religious bigotry or because the
people in certain regions of the country
wanted to go back to the worship of their
ancestral gods.

3. FILIPINO LIBERTARIANS
 Raha Sulayman  Tumalang
 Lankan Dula  Dagohoy
 Agustin de Legazpi  Diego Silang
 Magalat  Gabriela Silang
 Tamblot  Palaris
 Bankaw  Apolinario dela Cruz
 Sumoroy  Sergeant Samaniego
 Maniago
 Malong
 Pedro Almazan

4. *REVOLT OF LAKAN DULA AND SULAYMAN
1574
- a pact of peace and friendship was made with
Adelantado Legazpi who promised that Spain
would recognize their patrimonial lands and treat
their people fairly and well.
But he died on August 20, 1572, his successor, Governor
Guido de Lavezaris, confiscated their patrimonial land
properties and allowed the Spanish encomenderos to abuse
and oppress their people.
Realizing that Governor Lavezaris could not drive away Lim-Ah-
Hong, who attacked Manila in December 1574 without the help of
Filipinos, he sent Salcedo and Father Marin to the war camp of Lakan
Dula and Sulayman to persuade them to lay down their arms and to
promise that all their grievances would be remedied and those who
took up arms would be pardoned.
Happily, Lavezaris kept his word so peace and friendship were
restored

5. *TONDO CONSPIRACY
1587-88
 - The mastermind of this libertarian
movement was Agustin de Legazpi, nephew
of Lakan Dula and son-in-law of the sultan
of Brunei.
 His plan was to kill the Spaniards and set
the city of Manila on fire.
 He also revealed this to his first cousin
Martin Pangan who were then given cruel
penalties and were brutally hanged after
their secret mission reached to Governor
Santiago de Vera.

6. ** MAGALAT’S REVOLT
1596
 Magalat with his brother incited the people of
Cagayan to rise against Spain during the rule of
Governor Francisco Tello. The revolt was put
down, and the rebellious brothers were kept in
Manila as exiles.
 The Dominican missionaries of Cagayan
persuaded Governor Tello to pardon them then the
Governor allowed them to return home.
 Sooner, he once more incited the people to
rebellion. He killed many Spaniards and loyal
Filipinos.
 The Spaniards hired native assassins and
murdered the valiant leader in his own house. His
death caused the failure of the revolt.

7. **RELIGIOUS REVOLT OF TAMBLOT
1621-22
 A Filipino babaylan named Tamblot exorted
the people of Bohol to return to the faith of
their forefathers and convinced them “that
the time has come when they could free
themselves from the oppression of the
Spaniards, inasmush as they were assured of
the aid of their ancestors and diutas, or god ”
 On New Year‟s Day, 1622, Tamblot and his
followers were crushed and Cebuano soldiers
gave victory to Spain.

8. **BANKAW’S RELIGIOUS REVOLT
1621
 Aged chieftain of Limasawa, Bankaw, who became loyal
to Spain, incited the people of Carigara, Leyte to rise in
arms in defense to their old gods and religion.
 The revolt spread like wildfire to other towns until the
whole island was plunged into a chaos of armed
resistance.
 The rebels were offered peace by Alcalde-Mayor
Alcarazo, but they spurned the peace offer, and fled to
their fortification in the hills.
 The Spanish-Filipino forces pursued them and defeated
them in a decisive battle.
 Bankaw‟s head was severed from his body and placed on a
stake and exhibit in public as a punishment for his

9. SUMOROY’S REBELLION
1649-50
 Governor Diego Fajardo ordered the alcaldes
mayors of the Visayas to send men to Cavite
to work in the shipyards. But the Visayans
resented their order because of the hardship
of leaving their homes and families.
 When the people of Palapag, Samar, found
out that the government would enforce the
cruel order, they rose in rebellion under
Sumoroy‟s leadership, and began the
hostilities on June 1, 1649.
 In July 1650, Sumoroy was taken alive and
executed

10. MANIAGO’S REVOLT
1660
 In 1660, the Pampanguenos rose in revolt against
Spain. Their leader was the valiant
warlord, Francisco Maniago, a native of the town
of Mexico, Pampanga.
 The term „‟bandala‟‟ (written vandala in Spanish
records) is an old native word which means „‟to
take with some force‟‟.
 In the early days of October 1660, the
Pampanguenos began their uprising by setting fire
to their own houses and swearing „‟by the light of
the fierce flames, their rash intention‟‟ to fight
for their rights and liberty.

11. MALONG’S REBELLION
1660-61
 This revolt was led by Andres Malong, who led
some natives in Pangasinan to take up arms against
the Spanish government and proclaimed himself
King of Pangasinan. However his kingdom was
short-lived and soon most of his forces abandoned
him, enabling the Spanish forces to capture him
and subsequently executed him.
 Later, Juan dela Cruz Palaris, a native of
Binalatongan, led a renewal of the revolt. The
Spanish authorities reviewed the demands of the
natives and required the alcalde-mayor of
Pangasinan to resign. The people of Pangasinan
continued their resistance nonetheless, but they
finally defeated in March, 1764.

12. THE ILOCOS REVOLT
1661
 A part of the chain to the Malong Revolt was
the Ilocos Revolt led by Don Pedro
Almazan, illustrious and wealthy leader from
San Nicolas, Laoag, Ilocos Norte.
 The letters sent by Don Andres Malong
("King of Pangasinan") narrating the defeat of
the Spaniards in his area and urging other
provinces to rise in arms failed to obtain any
support among the natives.
 During the revolt, Don Pedro Almazan auto-
proclaimed himself "King of Ilocos", but was
later captured and executed.he also had a son
which the ilocanos proclaimed their prince.

13. THE ZAMBAL REVOLT
1681-83
 After suppressing the Malong revolt in
Pangasinan, the Spanish moved to
exterminate the roots of the rebellion.
Chief Tumalang ended up converting to
Catholicism. The Zambals then killed Rf.
Domingo Perez, a Dominican Friar, after
which the Spanish sent additional troops
and defeated the rebels.

14. DAGOHOY REBELLION
1744-
1829
 Father Gaspar Morales ordered s constable
to capture a man who had abandoned his
Christian Religion in the island of Bohol
 Francisco Dagohoy, brother of the
deceased, instigated the people to rise in
arms.
 Afterwards , Morales was killed by Dagohoy.
 Dagohoy defeated the Spanish-Filipino forces
sent against him. He established a free
government in the mountains and had 20,000
followers.
 Dagohoy being the leader of the longest

15. REBELLION OF DIEGO SILANG
1762-63
 Diego Silang – one of the greatest heroes
of Ilocandia, roused his people to action
and proclaimed the abolition of the
excessive tribute and forced labor.
 The Spanish authorities decided to have
him assassinated since they can‟t destroy
him by arms.
 Thus died Silang, the guiding genius of the
Ilocos war of independence.

16. GABRIELA, ILOCANO JOAN OF ARC
 Maria Josefa Gabriela - the heroic wife
of Diego Silang, carried on his unfinished
work.
 The assassination of her husband only
make her redouble her effort to seek
Ilocano liberty.
 Don Manuel de Arza, lieuteneant- governor
of northern luzon, captured the fleeing
heroine and her followers.
 On September 20, 1763, the brave
Gabriela were executed at Vigan.

17. THE PALARIS REVOLT
 On November 3, 1762, with the Spanish at war
with Britain and a British invasion of the
Philippinesin progress, a Pangasinense leader
named Juan de la Cruz Palaris (also known as
Pantaleon Perez) rebelled against Spanish
imposition of the tribute. The revolt lasted two
years, spreading across Pangasinan and affecting
other provinces. The report ended in 1764, when
Spanish forces along with some Ilocanos loyal to
Spain led by Manuel de Azar hunted Palaris down
and executed him publicly.


18. RELIGIOUS REVOLT OF HERMANO PULE
 Between June 1840 and November 1841, this
revolt was led by Apolinario de la Cruz, otherwise
known as "Hermano Pule".
 De la Cruz started his own religious order, the
Confraternity of Saint Joseph in Lucban, located
in the present-day province of Quezon , in June of
1840. Because of this, the Spanish government
sent in troops to forcibly break up the
order, forcing De la Cruz and his followers to rise
in armed revolt in self-defense.
 The Spaniards eventually won, and Apolinario de la
Cruz was executed on November 4, 1841 in the
then-provincial capital, Tayabas.

19. SERGEANT SAMANIEGO REGIMENT
 On January 20, 1843, the regiment, led by
Sergeant Irineo Samaniego, rose in
mutiny, eventually capturing Fort Santiago in
Intramuros. The next day, however, the
gates of Fort Santiago were opened by
loyalist soldiers. After a bloody battle, the
mutineers were defeated by loyalist
troops, resulting in the execution of
Samaniego and 81 of his followers the same
day.


20. WHY THE REVOLTS FAILED
 Absence of national consciousness
 Lack of leaders to unite the whole
archipelago
 Regional hostility
 Archipelagic nature of the Philippines
prevented a steady communication in the
provinces.
 Superiority of the Spanish arms
 The betrayals and assassinations of rebel
leaders.