Nationalism refers to devotion and loyalty to one's own country, and the desire for national advancement or political independence. Filipino nationalism arose due to several factors, including resisting forced labor, oppressive tribute systems, and the seizure of lands by Spanish friars. This led to numerous revolts across the Philippines between the 16th and 19th centuries. Some of the major revolts included the Dagami Revolt in 1565-1567 in Leyte, the Tagalog Revolt in 1574 in Tondo, and the Dagohoy Revolt from 1744-1829 in Bohol, which was the longest revolt. Many revolts were in response to Spanish colonial abuses and the imposition of Catholicism.

1. PORTFOLIO IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
THE BEGINNING OFFILIPINO NATIONALISM
DEFINITION OF NATIONALISM
Nationalism is a spirit or aspirations common to the whole of a nation. It also refers to the devotion and loyalty to one’s
own country or the so called patriotism. It is often regarded as the excessive form of patriotism like of chauvinism, jingoism, fascism
and Nazism. Moreover, it is the desire for national advancement or political independence.It can be a policy or doctrine of asserting
the interests of one’s own nation view ed as separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests of all nations.
However, it is also an idiom or trait peculiar to a nation. Lastly, it is regarded as a movement, as in the arts, based upon the folk
idioms, history, aspirations, etc. of a nation.
DEFINITION OF REVOLUTION
Revolution refers to the repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the
people governed. It can also be a radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure, especially one made suddenly and
often accompanied by violence.
REASONS OF NATIONALISTIC REVOLT
The following are the reasons of nationalistic revolts that swept across the archipelago: (1) to retake one`s lost kingdom
or chiefdom, (2) to resist forced labor that separated the men for long periods from their families, (3) to get rid of the oppressive
tribute, (4) to return to their ancient religion, the worship of Bathala and the anitos, (5) to regain their lost freedom and happiness,
and lastly, (6) to regain those lands grabbed by the friars from the natives or even from the nobilities.
REVOLTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY
REVOLTS LEADER YEAR PLACE CAUSES
Dagami Revolt Datu Dagami of Gabi 1565 - 1567 Leyte Opposition againstSpanish colonial rulein the country
Tagalog Revolt Lakandula & Sulayman 1574 Tondo To regain the territory occupied and ruled by Legazpi
Pampanga Revolt Nicolas Managuete 1585 Pampanga Deprivation of historical land inheritance
Revolt of Maharlikas Agustin de Legazpi 1587 - 1588 Manila Plot against colonial rule in the Philippines
Dingras’ Revolt no historical accounts 1589 Ilocos(N) Revolt against the tribute.
Magalat’ s Revolt Magalat 1596 Cagayan Revenge as he was arrested for alleged rebellion
Igorot’ s Revolt no historical accounts 1601 Abra Non- conformity of Catholicism with shamanism
First Chinese Revolt no historical accounts 1603 Manila Inhumane killing of Chinese Merchants and civilians
Tamblot’ s Revolt Tamblot 1621-1622 Bohol Catholicism didn’ t conform as Tamblot was a babaylan
Bankaw’ s Revolt Bankaw of Carigara 1621-1622 Leyte Non-conformity of Catholicism to the belief of diwata
Itneg/ Mandaya Revolt Miguel Lanab 1625-1627 Cagayan Forced conversion into Catholicism through baptism
Ladia’ s Revolt Pedro Ladia 1643 Bulacan Confiscation of his vast lands in Bulacan.
Sumuroy’ s Revolt Agustin Sumuroy 1649-1650 Samar Polistas were sent to the distant province of Cavite.
Maniago’ s Revolt Francisco Maniago 1660-1661 Pampanga Additional tribute as there are more crop yields
Malong’ s Revolt Andres Malong 1661 Pangasinan Opposition against Spanish occupation in Pangasinan
Almazan’ s Revolt Pedro Almazan 1661 Ilocos (N) Inspired by Malong victory through strife & scramming
Second Chinese Revolt Pirate Koxinga 1662 Manila To maraud Spanish houses in Manila
Panay’ s Revolt Tapar 1663 Iloilo Wanted to establish a religious cult (demonic visions)
Zambal’ s Revolt no historical accounts 1681 - 1683 Zambales Refusal to Spanish Authority by local chieftains
Agrarian Revolt no historical accounts 1745 - 1746 IV-A The demand to reacquire the lands from friars
Dagohoy’ s Revolt Francisco Dagohoy 1744 - 1829 Bohol Refusal of the parish for the burial of his brother
Silang’ s Revolt Diego & Gabriela Silang 1762 - 1763 Ilocos (S) Taking advantage of British invasion of Manila
Palaris’ Revolt Juan dela Cruz Palaris 1762 - 1764 Pampanga Dismissal of the natives’ demands to halt the tribute
Basi Revolt Pedro Ambaristo 1807 Ilocos (N) Expropriation of the manufacture and sale of basi
Novales’ Revolt Andres Novales 1823 Manila Discontentment of replacing Creoles with Spaniards
Palmero’ s Revolt Plot Marcelo Palmero 1828 Manila Provincial governors were replaced by peninsulares
Hermano Pule’ s Revolt Apolinario dela Cruz 1840 - 1843 Quezon Banning of Pule’ s version of religious order
Samaniego’ s Mutiny Ireneo Samaniego 1843 Manila An attempt to capture the walled city of Intramuros
Chinese Pirate
Limahong
attacked Manila
the same year.
Longest Revolt
(85 YEARS)
Antonio
Susabau
exposed the
plan to
Spaniards
He committed
atrocities
against his
fellow natives
if they refuse
in joining the
revolt led by
him. He was
assassinated
by his own
men.
Happened in
Oton -
Katagman
Festival is
celebrated
after this
revolt
Padre Esteban
Marinwas killed
by the Igorots.
Ming Shi-Lu
described
Spaniards as
barbarians
Miguel Vicos
killed Diego
Silang on May
28, 1763
Francisco
killed his
brother in
a duel
Basi is a
sugarcane
wine
Creole – half
French and
half Spanish
Confraternity
of St. Joseph –
Pule’s religious
order
David Dula
continued the
fight against
the Spaniard

2. PORTFOLIO IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
Fort San Felipe Mutiny no historical accounts 1872 Cavite Belief that a revolt would elevate to national uprising