the legazpi expedition

1. Prepared by Steffi Lamalan
3rd year BEED- Generalist

2. Who is Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi?

4. Miguel López de Legazpi also known as El
Adelantado and El Viejo (The Elder), was a
Basque-Spanish navigator and governor who
established the first Spanish settlement in the
East Indies when his expedition crossed the
Pacific Ocean from the Viceroyalty of New
Spain in modern-day Mexico, arrived in Cebu
of the Philippine Islands, 1565.

5. He was the first Governor-General of Spanish
East Indies which included the Philippines
and other Pacific archipelagos, namely Guam
and the Marianas Islands. After obtaining
peace with various indigenous nations and
kingdoms, Miguel López de Legazpi made
Manila the capital of the Spanish East Indies
in 1571. The capital of the province of Albay
in the Philippines, Legazpi City bears his
name.

6. In 1564, López de Legazpi was commissioned by the
viceroy, Luis de Velasco, to lead an expedition in the
Pacific Ocean, to find the Spice Islands where the
earlier explorers Ferdinand Magellan and Ruy López de
Villalobos had landed in 1521 and 1543, respectively.
The expedition was ordered by King Philip II of Spain,
after whom the Philippines had earlier been named by
Ruy López de Villalobos. The viceroy died in July 1564,
but the Audiencia and López de Legazpi completed the
preparations for the expedition.

7. On November 19 or 20, 1564, five ships and 500 soldiers,
sailed from the port of Barra de Navidad, New Spain, in
what is now Jalisco state, Mexico (other sources give the
date as November 1, 1564, and mention 'four ships and 380
men').
Members of the expedition included six Augustinian
missionaries, in addition to Fr. Andrés de Urdaneta, who
served as navigator and spiritual adviser,[2] Melchor de
Legazpi (son of Adelanto de Legazpi), Felipe de Salcedo
(grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi), and Guido de
Lavezarez (a survivor of the expedition of Ferdinand
Magellan).

8. López de Legazpi and his men sailed the
Pacific Ocean for 93 days.
In 1565, they landed in the Mariana Islands, wh
ere they briefly anchored and replenished their
supplies. There they fought with
Chamorro tribes and burned several huts.

9. ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES

10. A chief of Bohol island, named Catuna gav
e information to Miguel Lopez of Sebu and, a
ccompanied Lopez as a guide.
 López de Legazpi's expedition anchored off t
he Indianized Rajahnate of Cebu on February
13, 1565, but did not put ashore due to oppo
sition from natives.

11. On February 22, 1565 the expedition
reached the island of Samar and made a
blood compact with Datu Urrao.
The Spaniards then proceeded to Limasawa
and were received by Datu Bankaw, then to
Bohol, where they befriended Datu Sikatuna
(or Catunao) and Rajah Sigala. On March 16,
Legazpi made a blood compact with Datu
Sikatuna.

12. On April 27, 1565, the expedition returned
to Cebu and landed there. Rajah Tupas
challenged the Spaniards, but were
overpowered by them. The Spaniards
established a colony, naming the
settlements "Villa del Santisimo Nombre de
Jesús" (City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus)
after an image of Sto. Niño in one of the
native houses.

13. In 1569, due to scarcity of food provisions in
Cebu, Legazpi transferred to Panay where they
were peacefully welcomed by the people in the
Kedatuan of Madja-as and they founded a
second settlement on the bank of the Panay
River.

14. In 1570, having heard of the rich resources in Luzon,
Legazpi dispatched Martín de Goiti to explore the
northern region. Landing in Batangas with a force of 120
Spaniards and 600 Visayans from Cebu and Panay
islands, de Goiti explored the Pansipit River, which drains
Taal Lake.
 On May 8, they arrived in Manila Bay. There, they were
welcomed by the natives. Goiti's soldiers camped there
for a few weeks, while forming an alliance with the
Muslim leader, Tariq Suleiman, who was a vassal under
the Sultan of Brunei. Legazpi wanted to use Manila's
harbor as a base for trade with China, but Sulayman
refused.

15. On May 24, 1570, after disputes and hostility
had erupted between the two groups, the
Spaniards occupied the Islamized states of
Tondo and Manila using scores of colonized
Cebuanos and mercenary Illongos as the bulk
of the Spanish army, those same Visayans
having been at war with those Islamic states
even before the Spaniards arrived.

16. In the same year, more reinforcements arrived in the P
hilippines, prompting López de Legazpi to leave Ce
bu to Panay and then to Luzon.
He recruited 250 Spanish soldiers and 600 native warrio
rs to explore the regions of Leyte and Panay. The follo
wing year he followed Goiti and Salcedo to Manila, afte
r hearing the villages had been conquered.
During the early phase of the exploration of the norther
n part of the Philippines López de Legazpi had remaine
d in Cebu, and had not accompanied his men during th
eir colonization of Manila, because of health problems
and advanced age.

17. In Manila, López de Legazpi formed a peace pact
with the native councils as well as the local rulers,
Tariq Suleiman and Lakan Dula. Both groups agreed
to organize a city council, consisting of two mayors,
twelve councilors and a secretary.
López de Legazpi established a settlement there on
June 24, 1571 and he also ordered the construction
of the walled city of Intramuros. He proclaimed the
town as the island's capital, and the seat of the
Spanish government in the East Indies.

18. LAST YEARS
López de Legazpi governed the Philippines for
a year before dying suddenly in Manila on
August 20, 1572. He died poor and bankrupt,
leaving a few pesos behind[quantify], due to
having spent most of his personal fortune
during the conquest. He was laid to rest in San
Agustin Church, Intramuros.

19. By the time of López de Legazpi's death, the
parts of the Visayas had passed to Spanish
rule. The Spanish met strong resistance from
Muslim sultanates on the island of Mindanao,
the Zambal tribes of Zambales, and the Igorot
of the Cordilleran mountains, as well as some
Wokou pirates from China and Japan.[

20. SIGNIFICANCE OF
LEGAZPI’S
EXPEDITION

21.  Legazpi proved that by utilizing the friendly nature of the
Filipinos, there is no need for much arms and battles to pacify
the archipelago.
 The archipelagic nature of the Philippines is another one.
 In addition, Filipino’s technical know-how in the art of warfare
seems to be no match to Spanish superiority in terms of arms
and art of warfare.
 The church through the different religious orders played a
very important role in the period of pacification from 1565 to
1606.

22. The purpose of the Spanish
colonization can be summarized by
the 3G’s.
God
Gold
Glory

23. Church
Fort
Houses for the inhabitants

24. Legazpi established the first Spanish
settlement in Cebu, which was given the
name San Miguel.
Later on, the name was changed to city
of the most holy name of Jesus.
The settlement in Cebu was transferred
to Panay.

25. BUREAUCRACY IN
THE POLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS

26. The Governor-General
The Governor-General was the head of the Spanish
colonial government in the Philippines.
Chief executive and the commander in chief of the
army.
Also has the power to make laws.