The document summarizes the challenges to Spanish authority in the Philippines from 1560-1820, including revolts by Filipinos seeking independence. It describes threats from the Portuguese and Dutch to Spanish rule during this period through military attacks and battles. It then outlines several early revolts by Filipinos, their causes including abuses by Spaniards and a desire to regain lost freedom, and their ultimate failures usually due to Spanish military superiority or lack of unity among Filipinos. It also discusses the fierce and prolonged resistance of Moro and mountain peoples in the south and interior to Spanish colonization.

1. Philippine
History
CHALLENGES TO
SPANISH AUTHORITY
(1560-1820S)

2. Portuguese and
Dutch Threats
During the
Spanish colonial
period in
the Philippines,
the Filipinos
dreamed to
achieve
independence
from the harsh
Spanish rule at
that time.
The Filipinos
began to fight the
Spaniards the
moment they
settled
permanently in
1565 and
continued this
resistance to the
end of their rule
in 1898.
The Philippine
Revolt patterns
must be treated
holistically and
not separately.
OVERVIEW

3. PORTUGUESE
THREATS TO
SPANISH RULE

4.  General Gonzalo Pereira in
1566 & 1568 asked Legazpi
to leave.
The Portuguese blockaded
Cebu and bombarded the
Spanish settlement (1570)
They failed to dislodged
their rivals.
The incursions ceased only
when Portugal became part
of the Spanish Empire.
(1580)
PORTUGUESE THREATS TO
SPANISH RULE

5.  They revolted against Spain and proclaimed
independence in 1579. Spain refused to recognize
Dutch independence.
 Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 – led to the
recognition of the Dutch independence.
 1597– First Battle of Mariveles
 1610- Second battle of Mariveles
 1617- Battle of Playa Honda
 1647- Dutch’s last attack against the Spanish.
- They were finally driven off.
DUTCH THREATS

6. Revolts are categorized into three
Personal
Motives
Abuses of
the
Spaniards
Political
Motives
Desire to
regain the
lost
freedom of
their
ancestors
Religious
Motives
Religious
intolerance
of Spanish
authorities

7. EARLY REVOLTS

8. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Lakandula 1574 Tondo,
Navotas
Failure of
Gov.
Lavezares to
fulfill
Legazpi’s
promise to
Lakandula
Lakandula Failed
Pampanga 1585 Pampanga Abuse of
Spanish
Encomien-
deros
Failed.
A woman
betrayed a
revolt.
Tondo 1587-1588 Tondo,
Cuyo,
Calamianes
Desire for
indepen-
dence
Magat
Salamat,
Agustin de
Legazpi, Juan
Banal & Pedro
Balingit
Failed
a spy reported to
Spanish
authorities about
the their plan.
Leaders were
executed.

9. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Magalat 1596 Cagayan Abuses of the
Tribute
Collectors
Failed ( Hired
assassins
killed the
Magalat. )
Ladia 1643 Malolos,
Bulacan and
Southern
Luzon
Weariness
from Spanish
oppression
Pedro Ladia Failed (leader
was
captured)
Pangasinan /
Malong
1660- 1661 Binalato-
ngan,
Pangasinan
Quarrel
between Fr.
Gorospe and
Malong
Andres
Malong and
Pedro
Gumpaos
Failed

10. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Visayan/
Sumuroy
1649- 1650 Eastern
Visayas,
Northern
Mindanao,
Zamboanga
Caused by Gov.
Fajardo’s order
to send
Visayan
laborers to
Cavite for
shipbuilding
Juan Ponce
SumoUroy
and Pedro
Caamug
Failed (
Leaders were
captured and
were
beheaded. )
Pampanga 1585 Pampanga Abuses of
Spanish
Encomiender
os
Failed ( A
woman
betrayed the
revolt. )
Cagayan-
Ilocos
1589 Cagayan,
Ilocos Norte
Refusal to
pay tributes,
tyranny of
tribute
collectors
Failed ( easily
suppressed )

11. Uprising/
Revolt
DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT
Igorot 1601 Northern Luzon Desire to
maintain their
old religion
Failed
Caraga 1629- 1631 Caraga,
Northern
Mindanao
Dissatisfac-tion
of townspeople
to Spanish
rule
Failed
Dagohoy 1744-1828 Bohol Refusal of Fr.
Morales to give
Dagohoy’s
brother a
Christian burial
Silang 1762- 1763 Ilocos Desire to
expel the
Spaniards from
Ilocos
Diego silang
and Gabriela
Silang
Failed ( Diego
was
assasinated )

12. WHY ALL THESE
REVOLTS FAILED?

13. The Spaniards
possessed superior
weapons and were
able to employ
native volunteers
and mercenary
soldiers.
Lack of unity
Lukewarm spirit of
nationalism among
Filipinos
Inadequate training
and preparation for
warfare
The absence of a
national leader
WHY ALL THESE REVOLTS FAILED?

14. MORO RESISTANCE
Most united groups were
the Muslims. Continuous military
expeditions by the Spaniards
failed to subdue them. They
fought back by raiding the
coastal towns under Spain.
Moro Wars in the South is the
longest, bloodiest, most
frustrating attempt by the
Spaniards to colonize the
Southern Islands of Mindanao
It remained unconquered &
unconverted until the end of
Spanish rule.

15.  Fierce resistance of the people of the mountain
or the “taong bundok”
PROCESS: Expensive and frustrating for the
Spaniards but also very dangerous.
Ancient beliefs and way of life are less exposed
to the outside world which made them more
resistant to the colonization whether Spanish or
even later incursions of other colonizers.
RESISTANCE IN THE INTERIOR AND
MOUNTAINOUS PARTS

16. THANK YOU!