The document summarizes India's national movement from 1939-1947. It describes Gandhi, Bose, and Nehru's differing responses to World War 2 and talks about proposals like the Pakistan Resolution, August Offer, Quit India Movement, Cabinet Mission Plan and more. It culminates with the Mountbatten Plan announcing independence and partition of India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947.

1. National Movement 1939-47
• Second World War and Nationalist Response
– Gandhi – Unconditional Support to the Allied Powers
– Subhash Bose – Launch CDM to take advantage of the War
– Nehru – Neutral to the War
• Pakistan Resolution (March 1940)
• August Offer (August 1940)
– Dominion Status
– Expansion of Viceroy’s Executive Council
– Setting up of Constitutional Assembly after the war where mainly Indians would
decide the Constitution
– No Future Constitution to be adopted without the Consent of the Minorities

2. Continued…
• Individual Satyagrahas (1941)
– Aims
• Express People’s Opinion that they were not interested in War
• Another Opportunity to the Government to accept INC Demands
– Strategy
• Freedom of Speech against the war through Anti war Declaration
• Delhi Chalo Movement
– Vinobha Bhave was the First Satyagrahi and Nehru, the Second
• Cripps Mission (March 1942)
– Dominion Status to India
– Free to Decide its relation with Commonwealth and Freedom to participate in
UN
– Constituent Assembly- Partly Elected by Provincial Assemblies and Partly
Nominated by Princes
– British to accept the Constitution under 2 Conditions
• Any province not willing to Join Indian Union could have a separate
Constitution and Form Separate Union
• Safeguard the religious rights of the Minorities

3. Quit India Movement
• AICC Meeting – Gowalia Tank, Bombay ( August 8, 1942)
– Government Servants : Don’t Resign, but declare allegiance to Congress
– Soldiers : Don’t resign, but don’t fire on Indians
– Students : If Confident, leave Studies
– Peasants : Do not pay rent if Zamindar is Pro- Government
– Princes : Support the Masses
– People of Princely States : Support the prince only if he is anti-government
– Do or Die
• Arrest of all Congress Leaders in early hours of August 9
• Public on Rampage
• Underground Activity
– Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Achyut Patwardhan,
Sucheta Kriplani
– Usha Sharma Started Underground radio in Bombay

4. Continued…
• Parallel Governments
– Ballia under Chittu Pandey
– Tamluk ( Midnapore) – “Jatiya Sarkar”, Bidyut Bahinis
organised to undertake Cyclone relief works, Education,
Healthcare etc
– Satara – “Prati Sarkar” under Y B Chavan and Nana Patil
• Gandhi undertook 21 days fast on Feb 10, 1943 against Violence
of the State
• Rajagopalachari Formula
– Muslim league to Endorse Congress Demand for Independence
– The entire population in the Muslim Majority Provinces to decide
whether to Join India or Form separate Entity
– In case of partition, a joint agreement between the countries to
safeguard Defence, Communication etc

5. Continued…
 Desai- Liaqat Plan ( Draft proposal for Formation of Interim Government)
 Equal number of Seats to be nominated by INC and Muslim league in
the Central Legislature
 20% to be reserved for the Minorities
 Wavell Plan (1945) – ( Reconstitute the Governor General’s Executive
Council)
 Except the Governor General and Commander in Chief, all other
members of Executive Council were to be Indians
 Equal representation of Hindus and Muslims
 Political Parties to submit the Joint list for the Members in the
Executive Council through Consensus
 If Consensus is not possible, separate lists to be presented by the
Political Parties

6. Indian National Army
• Formed by Mohan Singh in Malaysia
• Main Points:
– Subhash Bose was assisted by Rash Behari Bose
– Set up Provisional Government in Rangoon and Singapore
– Women’s Regiment was Called as “ Rani Jhansi Regiment”
– INA battalion commanded by Shah Nawaz allowed to accompany
Japanese Troops to Indo-Burma border and participate in Imphal
Campaign
– Failure of Imphal Campaign and surrender of INA
• Post war nationalist Upsurges
– INA trials
• Prem Kumar Sehgal, Shah Nawaz Khan and Gurbhaksh Singh
Dhillon tried at Red Fort
• Defence of INA prisoners was organised by Bhulabhai Desai, Tej
Bahadur Sapru, Kailash Nath Katju
• INA Agitation : Nov 12, 1945 ( INA Day), Nov 5-11,1945 ( INA
Week)
• Wide Publicity of the Trials, Participation of Diverse Groups

7. Continued…
• RIN Mutiny ( Feb 18,1946)
– Phase 1 : Naval ratings of HMIS Talwar staged Mutiny against
• Racial Discrimination
• Unhygienic Food
• Abuse by Superior Officers
• Arrest of B.C Dutt, a rating for writing “Quit India” on HMIS
Talwar
– Phase 2 : People in Bombay joined the Ratings. Hartals by
Shopkeepers, Workers, Students
– Phase 3 : Strikes on HMIS Hindustan and in other millitary
Establishments

8. Cabinet Mission
• 3 members : Pethick Lawrence ( Secretary of State) , Cripps and A.V.
Alexander
• Main Points
– Rejected the Demand for Separate Pakistan
– Grouping of existing provincial assemblies into 3 sections
• Section A : Madras, Bombay, Central Provinces, United Provinces,
Bihar and Orissa(HinduMajority Provinces)
• Section B : Punjab, NWFP, Sindh (Muslim Majority Provinces)
• Section C : Bengal and Assam (Muslim Majority Provinces)
– Constituent Assembly partly elected by Provincial Assemblies and
partly nominated by Princely States
– Members from Group A, B and C to frame constitution for the
Provinces seperately
– All the members of the group to frame constitution for the Union
– A common centre to control Defence, Communication and External
Affairs
• Different Interpretations on Grouping Clause – Compulsory or Optional
• Rejection of Cabinet Mission Plan by the Muslim League

9. Continued…
• Atlee’s Statement (Feb 20, 1947)
– Deadline of June 30, 1948 fixed for Transfer of power
– Transfer of power to more than one centre if the Constituent
Assembly is not representative
• Mountbatten Plan (Jun 3, 1947)
– Punjab and Bengal legislative assemblies to meet in two
groups, Hindus and Muslims to decide for the partition
– Referendum in NWFP and Sylhet district of Bengal
– Princely States to either join India or Pakistan, independence
ruled out
– Accession of Hyderabad to Pakistan ruled out
– Freedom on Aug 15, 1947