The document summarizes the rise of nationalism and independence movement in India. It discusses key events like the Revolt of 1857, establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885, partition of Bengal in 1905 which sparked nationalist protests, and the non-cooperation movement led by Gandhi in the 1920s. It also covers the negotiations and acts leading to independence in 1947, including the partition of India into two dominions of India and Pakistan amid communal violence.
Rowlatt Act known as the black bills were responsible for mobilizing the Indians against the British and the launch of Non Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi
Rowlatt Act known as the black bills were responsible for mobilizing the Indians against the British and the launch of Non Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi
History Of Indian National Congress - Detailed InformationAliAqsamAbbasi
A remarkable landmark of the history of Indo-Pak is the establishment of Indian National Congress in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912), a retired servant who had a flame to do something for the people of India. Congress owes a lot of homage to A.O. Hume who became friends with the Indians while all his country men were treating the Indian as inferiors and the ruled. He came forward with the viewpoint of the welfare of the Indians.
Non-Cooperation Movement and Mahatma GandhiRahul Kumar
All that you need to know about the non-cooperation movement has been presented in one single presentation. Not only this, it has also been presented in bullets so that it becomes easy to remember and recollect.This presentation can also be presented in an easy way even by someone who reads it for the first time.
A presentation brought to you by Rahul Kumar
History Of Indian National Congress - Detailed InformationAliAqsamAbbasi
A remarkable landmark of the history of Indo-Pak is the establishment of Indian National Congress in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912), a retired servant who had a flame to do something for the people of India. Congress owes a lot of homage to A.O. Hume who became friends with the Indians while all his country men were treating the Indian as inferiors and the ruled. He came forward with the viewpoint of the welfare of the Indians.
Non-Cooperation Movement and Mahatma GandhiRahul Kumar
All that you need to know about the non-cooperation movement has been presented in one single presentation. Not only this, it has also been presented in bullets so that it becomes easy to remember and recollect.This presentation can also be presented in an easy way even by someone who reads it for the first time.
A presentation brought to you by Rahul Kumar
it is a very creative slide .it help to make the chapter easy to be understand it is very difficult chapter but by this ppt you can easily understand the chapter
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Rise of Nationalism
• Revolt of 1857
(feeling of nationalism belongingness, sharing common
culture, history, common goals for India's future)
• Drain of wealth
( export of raw materials, cheap products selling in India,
heavy taxes, Indian handicrafts ruined) The term was
coined by Dadabai Noaroji from India to England.
3. Administration unification of India
• Himalayas to cape Comorin
• Assam to Khyber Pass
• Princely states
• For efficient admin. Telegraph, postal, railways, transport
was developed.
• Although British started for their convenience, Indians
used it effectively to meet people and express their
views.
4. Spread of western ideas
• Liberty, democracy, sovereignty
• Events like: French and American
Revolution
• Self government
5. Social Awakening
• Think about self…
• Raise questions
• Criticise colonial policies
• Highlight exploitative policies of govt.
• Urge people to unite
6. Discriminatory policies of British
• Indians should not aspire for high post in
govt.
• Arms act prohibited Indians from carrying
arms.
• Vernacular act imposed severe restrictions
on press
• Travelling in separate compartments
• Indian magistrates were not allowed to have
trial on Britishers. Lord Ripon the viceroy and
CP Ilbert a member of Viceroy council
brought amendment but failed later.
7. The Formation of INC
• To create political awareness
• A common platform to unite
• Allen Octavian Hume – a retired civil
servant
• 1st
session – W.C. Banerjee in 1885 was
elected as President It met to articulate
the views on political and social matters.
28 – 31st
dec in Bombay
• 1907 Split :
8. Moderates and Extremists
• Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabai Naoroji,
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, M.G. Ranade, -
Moderates
believed in creating public awareness among
the people through resolutions, petitions,
meetings.
• Indian Councils Act of 1861 and 62 did
increase the number of Indians but had
limited powers hence the methods used by
moderates were not highly successful.
9. Extremists
• Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
Bipin Chandra Pal – Extremists
aggressive measures to be taken
• Swadeshi movement , Khilafat movement
10. Partition of Bengal
• DIVIDE AND RULE – POLICY OF
BRITISH
• 16 oct 1905 lord Curzon – viceroy
• Aim was to have efficient administration.
• Real reason was to crush the nationalist
movement.
• Divide between Hindus and Muslims
11. Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
• 1905
• Boycott British goods and Use swadeshi
products.
• Banks, factories, mills
• British arrested prominent leaders
• Leaders involved in these movments :
Tilak, Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh
• Widespread agitation
12. Split of Congress
• British took advantage of split and
imprisoned Tilak in Mandalay (Burma )
prison for 6yrs for writing anti British
articles.
13. Revolutionaries
• Adapted methods of Irish and Russia
• Assassination of unpopular officials, looting
money and arms
• Active in Maharashtra, Punjab, Bengal, Tamil
Nadu
• Anushilan Samiti – secret revolutionaries
society
• Khudiram Bose, Prafulla Chakki, Veer
Damodar Savarkar, Madam Bhikaji Cama
• Gadar Party (USA, Canada) foreign party
14. Formation of Muslim League
• 1906 – All India Muslim League – Aga
Khan the nawab of Dacca and Nawab
Mohsin – ul – Mulk
• Aims: promote loyalty to the British
protect and advanced the rights of muslims
and safeguard their interest
Prevent feelings of hostility towards any
other group.
15. Indian Council Act 1909
• Political developments of INC made British
realise to sideline extremists and support
moderates.
• Morley Minto Reforms - Lord Minto the
Viceroy and Morley the secretary of the state.
• Separate electorates for Muslims was
introduced. Act increased no. of elected
members in the Imperial Legislative Council
and Provincial Legislative Councils.
• Moderates realized later they were not
adequate rep of Indians.
16. Lucknow Pact 1916
• 1914 FWW
• INC and Muslim League had separate
sessions in Lucknow. Moderates and
Extremists came together for the session.
INC and Muslim league adopted joint
scheme of pol. Reforms
• Cong adopted separate electorate for
Muslims.
• The main objective was to achieve
dominion status for India.
17. Home Rule League
• Tilak and Annie Beasant
• Aim: self govt or home rule
• Raised awareness all over the nation and
garnered support from the people
18. The Govt. of India Act 1919
• Montagu Chelmsford Reforms named after
Montagu the Secretary state and Lord
Chelmsford the Viceroy
• Provincial Legislative Council were enlarged
and the number of elected members in these
councils were increased.
• Dyarchy governor controlled certain
departments like finance, while ministers
controlled other department like education
• It failed to meet expectations of Indians.
20. Rowlatt Act
• 1919 – without trial, curb the press and
arrest any person without a warrant
21. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
• Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchlu on 10 April
1919 in connection with the protest
against Rowlatt Act led to widespread
agitation in punjab.
• 13 april 1919 demostration peacefully
against the arrest.
• General Dyer – the British military
commander.
Rabindranath Tagore gave up his title of SIR
“knighthood” given by British crown.
22. Khilafat and Non Co-operation
Movement
• Retrieve the position of Sultan or Khalifa
• Mahatma Gandhi, supported KM –
Maulana Mohammad Ali, Shaukant Ali
• Good opportunity to unite Hindus and
Muslims
23. Calcutta Session 1920
• Swaraj goal
• Non coop movement.
• Surrender of titles
• Resignation from govt. jobs
• Non payment of taxes
• Boycott foreign goods, schools, colleges,
institutions.
24. • Khadi was spun
• Picketing of liquor was done
• Prince of Wales 1921 was greeted by
empty streets and downs shutters
25. Chauri Chaura Incident
• Procession of peasants was fired by police
• 22 policemen were killed and police station
was burnt down
• Gandhiji called off the Non co-op movement.
• He was arrested and sentenced to 6yrs
imprisonment.
• Khilafat movement Died down as the people
of Turkey united under Kemal Pasha The
Sultan was deprived of all political power as
Turkey began to modernize itself
26. Swaraj Party
• Motilal Nehru, CR Das and NC Kelkar
1923
• Oppose British by contesting elections and
becoming part of the legislature.
• Swaraj Party 42 seats out of 101 seats in
1923 elections.
• Its importance diminished after the death
of CR Das in 1925
28. Poorna Swaraj
• Lahore
• Dec 1929
• J. Nehru
• On Dec 31, the tricolor was adopted as
national flag. Jan 26 was celebrated as
Independence Day
• Oath of Poorna Swaraj
29. Civil Disobedience Mov.
• To achieve complete independence
• Imposition of salt tax
• 12mar 1930 Sabarmati Ashram for Dandi on
the coast of Gujarat
• On Apr 6, he broke the salt law
• Gandhi was arrested on 5 May
• In North West Abdul Gaffar Khan, who was
also known as Frontier Gandhi
• Tribals of Mah, Bihar, Assam, hills of kangara
30. • First Round Table Conference was held in
London to discuss Simon commission
report.
• It was boycotted by Cong
• Gandhi was released in 1931.
• Gandhi Irwin pact was signed and then
Civil Disobedience Movement was
suspended.
• II RTC in sept 1931 it was failure as
British did not agree to any of demands
made by congress. Gandhi returned to
India to resume the civil disobedience
31. Govt. of India Act 1935
• Establish a federal structure achieving
provincial autonomy and forming separate
communal electorates.
• Indians did not have right to vote
• In 1937 Congress emerged as dominant
party. It formed government in 7 out of 11
provinces
32. II WW
• Viceroy announced unwanted entry of
India in II WW
• Congress resigned from ministries
33. Dd for Pakistan
• 1940 Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Two nation theory
• Best solution to maintain peace
34. Cripps mission Plan
• To have desperate co operation from
Indians in the war.
• Sir Stafford Cripps came to india
• However recommendations were rejected
by Congress and Muslim League as they
did not transfer power to the indians
35. Quit India Mov
• Aug1942 Congress adopted Quit India
Movement.
• Gandhiji coined Do or Die
• They were arrested on 9 aug 1942
• Led to strong protests, police stations and
railways lines were destroyed
36. Indian National Army
• Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose left cong in
1939 owing to his difference with Gandhiji he
started Forward Bloc and was put under
house arrest.
• During II WW he escaped his way to
Germany. In 1943 he reached Japan He
formed INA with Indian soldiers. It advanced
and towards India through Burma. They
reached Manipur and planted Indian flag
• II WW defeat of japan – led to efforts of INA
fail
37. Cabinet Mission Plan
• British PM Clement Attlee declare that
Britain would quit India by June 1948.
• It make recommendations
• Set up constituent assembly to frame
constitution for India
• An interim government was set up in 1946
consisting of congress and League
representatives
38. Direct Action
• Communal riots that broke out in 1946
• Terrible riots in Bihar and Bengal
• Gandhiji travelled to calcutta to bring
peace and calm to affected areas
• Lord Mountbatten was appointed as Last
Viceroy of India 1947he set final date for
transfer of power
• India was then decided to partition India-
Pak
39. Independence and Partition
• Two independent dominion
• Could join any nation
• Tryst with Destiny
• Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and
now the time comes when we shall redeem our
pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very
substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour,
when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and
freedom. A moment comes, which comes but
rarely in history, when we step out from the old to
the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of
a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.
43. Partition of India
• North West Frontier, West Punjab, Sindh,
Baluchistan and East Bengal migrated to
India in an atmosphere of violence and
communal riots.
• Shifting population cost thousands of lives
and displaced millions.
• Disease, starvation spread Independence
was followed by a killing spree as trains
full of dead bodies made their way to both
the countries.
46. • Relief camps, refugee camps were
constructed
• Housing colonies were set up
• Projects were build to rehabilitate them
• Provision of education, employment,
loans, business etc became priority for
Indian govt.
47. Integration of Princely states
• 500 princely states existed in India
• Sardar Vallabhai Patel gets the credit of
integrating princely states in India “Iron
Man of India”
• Challenging were Hyderabad, Junagadh
and Kashmir
• Junagadh : ppl in India, nawab in Pak
• Plebiscite was held and finally joined
India. 99%
48. • Nizam of Hyderabad : wished to continue
as an independent ruler. Hyderabad
emerged with Indian union in 1948
• Kashmir: Maharaja Hari Singh a Hindu
and majority of popn was Muslim. King did
not decide what to join. Pathan tribesman
carried raids in kashmir from Pak. King
turned to India for help. Consequently
Kashmir joined Indian union.
49. Liberation of French and Portuguese
• French: Pondicherry, Karikal, Mahe,
Yanam and Chandernagore
• Portuguese: Goa, Daman and Diu, Dadra
and Nagar Haveli. They refused. However
goa fought for their freedom. Finally Indian
army expelled portuguese in 1961. they
were given status of union territories to
preserve distinct cultural heritage.
51. Progress of India after 1947
• Lot of agricultural land went to Pak
• Farmers were taught to produce more with
best quality. Loans were provided
• Five Year Plan were formulated
• Scientific research, nuclear, minerals,
industries, agriculture – developed
• Deal with USA to generate nuclear power
for non military use
52. • Liberalization
• Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune (IT hubs)
• Foreign firms investing in India in this area
• Outsourcing of jobs boosted the economy
• Rise of middle class
53. International Affairs/Relations
• Apartheid
• Panchsheel: J. Nehru : agreement with
China
1.Respect for each others territorial integrity
and sovereignty
2.Non aggression
3.Non interference in domestic affair
4.Equality and co operation for mutual
benefit
54. Bandung Conference
• 1955
• Indonesia – newly independent Asian and
African Countries
• Principles of Panchsheel was discussed
55. Non Aligned Movement
• II WW
• Blocs – Cold War – USA – USSR
• Jawaharlal Nehru(India) , Marshal Tito
(Yugoslavia) , Gamal Abdel
Nasser(Egypt), Sukarno (Indonesia).
• Objectives:
1. world peace
2. disarmament
3. Security
4. anti apartheid
56. SAARC (South Asian Association for
Regional Co operation)
• 1985 to promote peace and co operation
between India, Bangladesh, Nepal,
Pakistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives,
Afghanisthan.
• Water, food, economic development were
main focus
57. India and UN
• Active member
• Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit – elected as
President
• Non permanent member of Security
Council – interest to become permanent.
58. Bangladesh
• East Pakistan Sheikh Mujibur Rehman
waged a struggle
• It became a free nation in 1971 26th
March
• Technological help, financial, material, etc
• Differences existed: conflict over river
Ganga water sharing and illegal
immigration of Bangladeshi’s in Indian
land
59. Bhutan
• Himalayan Kingdom
• Aided in developing communication,
improving health care, setting up of hydro
electric power projects, infra structure,
preservation of Bhutan’s heritage
60. Myanmar
• Formerly known as Burma
• Jan 4, 1948 – freedom
• Trade relations, collaboration in projects
like power, gas, technology, highways,
ports, IT, etc
• Cross border smuggling and illegal
crossing created problems
61. China
• Ancient cultures
• Sino Indian war in 1962
• Late 1980s there has been gradual
improvement. Economic ties
• Solve border dispute through talks
62.
63. Pakistan
• Full of conflict : Kashmir issue,
Bangladesh, acquisition of nuclear arms
• 2003 peace process started : trains, buses
were initiated. Tourists, pilgrims and artists
travel across the border regularly.
64. Sri Lanka
• Ethnic tensions between Sinhalese and
Tamil citizens
• Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
• Trade and economic relations, relief aid
during tsunami 2004.
65. Socio economic challenges
• Communalism : Babri Masjid Issue
• Spread of mistrust and hatred
• Over population, Poverty, Illiteracy and
Unemployment
• Casteism
• Linguism
67. • Develop a vision
• Have rational approach
• Educate yourself
• Be alert
• Mutual understanding, co operation
• Inculcate moral values
• Understand the causes and effects
• GROW UP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!