The document summarizes the formation and objectives of the Muslim League in India in 1906. It discusses several factors that led to its establishment, including British policies that discriminated against Muslims and sowed communal divisions. The key objectives of the Muslim League were to politically represent Muslim interests, maintain separate electoral constituencies for Muslims, and support the British government in exchange for rewards. Over time, some members of the League began criticizing British rule and eventually demanded a separate Muslim state of Pakistan.

1. THE MUSLIM LEAGUE
LESSON -6

2. We will learn….
Factors leading to the formation of
Muslim League.
Objectives of the
Muslim League .

3. THE GROWTH OF COMMUNALISM
REVOLT OF 1857
DEMAND
FOR
MUSLIM
LEAGUE 1906

4. FACTORS- FORMATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
• LOSS OF SOVEREIGNTY OF THE MUGHAL
EMPIRE
• PARTICIPATION IN REVOLT 1857
• BRITISH DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS
MUSLIMS
• AFTER 1870 APPEASEMENT OF MUSLIMS

5. THE BRITISH POLICY OF DIVIDE AND RULE

6. • Unity of the Muslims and Hindus was a threat.
• Encouraged communal and separatist politics.
• Under Lord Mayo’s rule, Urdu was made the
medium of instruction and huge grants were given to
schools run by Muslims.
• To Hindus- they portrayed Muslims as foreigners
who plundered Indian wealth and the rule of the
Rajputana Dynasty.
• Justified the partition of Bengal to create Muslim
majority and Muslim state, as Hindus would not
work for the welfare of Muslim population

7. • Use the caste system- Brahmins and lower
castes.
• Treated Hindus , Muslims and Sikhs as
different communities and recognized their
respective leaders as authentic.
• Spread communal hatred- through posters,
literature and public platform.

8. BACKWARDNESS OF THE MUSLIMS
• Backward in Education, Trade and
Industry.
• Upper class Muslim, against modern
education, so majority of Muslims
remained uneducated.
• Very few Muslims received modern
western education.
• British discrimination in recruitment
of civil and military services.
• Not involved in growth of organized
industry.

9. BACKWARDNESS OF THE MUSLIMS
• Muslims were too proud of their literature , did not
accept western education.
• Western education necessary for the government
jobs.
• Muslims continued to remain backward whereas
Hindus accepted the western education and
developed.

10. Role of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan
• Educationist and Social reformer.
• Regarded Hindus and Muslims as one
nation.
• Founded Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental
College at Aligarh with the patrons of
Hindu as well as Muslims
• Later changed his views…….

11. Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan Changed View
• Political interests of Muslims and
Hindus are different.
• Opposed the formation of INC.
• Founded the United Indian Patriotic
Association in 1888 to oppose the INC.
• Supported by Mr Beck, Principal of
MAO college.
• Beck opined- Anglo- Muslim unity is
possible but Hindu – Muslim unity is
impossible

12. Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan Changed View
• Hindu population is in majority , they would dominate
after the Britishers have left.
• The British Rule is advantageous for the growth and
welfare of the Muslim Community.
• Educated Muslims should support the British so that
they are rewarded with government jobs and special
favours.

13. Mis-interpretation of History
• Divided Indian history into two phases-
– Hindu History : Hindu rule- Rana Pratap, Shivaji
– Muslim History- Turks, Akbar, Aurangzeb.
• Failed to interpret to Composite culture.
• Hindu culture was not developed in the Muslim
period, but Muslim literature and culture was
developed.
• Communalism propagated through poetry,
drama, novels and newspapers.

14. Assertive Nationalism
• Speech and Actions of the some the Assertives hurt
the feelings of the Muslims.
• Propagation of the Shivaji and Ganpati festivals.
• Aurobindo’s concept of India as Mother and
Nationalism as religion.
• Dips in Ganga and barefoot march near the Ganga as
anti partition movement ( Bengal)

15. THE FORMATION OF
MUSLIM LEAGUE

16. • Hindi Vs Urdu: Court language in Muslim dominated
areas was Urdu, many hindu sections unhappy about
this, so govt made the also included hindi as court
language. This hurt the sentiments of Muslims.
• Congress became more popular than the MAO.
• President of MAO Nawab Mohsin- ul- Mulk (after
the death of Sir Sayyed) raised the agitation for hindi
– urdu controversy.
• Lt Governor of UP, Macdonnel very angry, asked
Nawab to resign.
• Muslim decided to form political party.

17. • Muslims in East Bengal happy to have independent
state and supported the Partition of Bengal.
• Lord Minto announced more representation to
Indians in the Legislative council.
• Muslims decided to address the Viceroy. Content of
their address was decided by Mr Archibald new
principal of MAO.
– Begin the address with pledging loyalty to British rule.
– request for representation on basis of religion.

18. The Demands..
• 35 influential Muslims presented the address to
Viceroy in Shimla on 1 Oct 1906.
• Representation to Muslim as per political importance
and not numerical strength.
• Separate Electoral Constituencies.
• Preference should be given to Muslims while filing
the nominations.
• Reservation of seats for Muslims in State services.
• State aid for Muslim universities.

19. • December 1906, all the emminent muslims met at
Dacca and proposed to form a centrally orgainsed
political party named – All India Muslim League.
– President : Nawab Salimullah
– Permanent President : Agha Khan.
– Head Quarters : Aligarh
– Central Office : Lucknow
– Formed a party constitution in Karachi on December 1907
– Held the first session in Amritsar on Decemeber 1908
– Session Chairman : Syed Ali Imam

20. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

21. • Support British government and earn a good rapport
with them.
• protect and advance the political rights of the
Muslims.
• Maintain peace between Muslims and other
communities.

22. THE IMPACT….

23. • More importance to political representation than
welfare of the muslim masses.
• Morley – Minto reforms formed the separate
electorate for the muslims.
• Turko- Italian and Balkan War ( where British
Massacred many muslims) hurt the feelings of the
Indian Muslims and they criticized the British for
such policies and launched the Khilfat Movement
• Annulment of the Partition of Bengal- detrimental for
the Muslim
• Young member of the League disliked the loyalty to
the British.

24. The rapprochment
• The Lucknow Pact- 1916
– Congress and Muslim League came to an agreement
– Congress accepted communal electorate.
– in 1930 the League made a demand for a separate nation
PAKISTAN.