The document discusses the multiple approaches and synthesis of the structure of a management information system (MIS). It describes MIS as having both a physical and conceptual structure. The physical structure includes integrated processing, common modules, and operating elements. The conceptual structure consists of four levels of control: strategic control, management control, operational control, and transaction control. The synthesis of the MIS structure combines these different approaches to provide an overall perspective of the MIS structure.

1. Subject: Management Information System
Topic: Multiple Approaches & Synthesis of MIS Structure
Prepared By:
Mohammed Jasir PV
Asst. Professor
NBS, Koratty
Phone: 9605 69 32 66

2. Snapshot
• Multiple Approaches of MIS
o Formal IS and Informal IS
o Public IS and Private IS
o Information Networks
o Modularity
o Extent of Integration
o Extent of Man-machine Integration
• Synthesis of MIS Structure
o Physical Structure
o Conceptual Structure

3. Multiple Approach
• MIS adopts a complex and multiple approach towards its structure
• Formal IS and Informal IS
• Public IS and Private IS
• Information Networks
• Modularity
• Extent of Integration
• Extent of Man-machine Integration

4. Formal
• Formally
organized system
• Specific structure
or design
• Strategic Info
• Managerial Info
• Operational Info
Informal
• Not formally
Organized
• No regularity in
flow of info
• E-mail, telephone
calls, notes on the
Bulletin, etc
Private
Info only to the
subject to who have
a legitimate need-
to-know, outsiders
with permission,
allowed by law
Public
Available to anyone
who requests it, but
certain files are not
available to others
in the organisation
and certain files
may be shared with
trusted persons
discriminatingly

5. Information Network
• Information network refers to the interconnected and interlocking network
of information generated at various points in an organization, information
feedback loops, etc., taken together, and describes the total system network
• It helps in controlling the physical processes like erection of plants,
production of goods, marketing of products, etc.

6. Modularity
• Means factoring the system into various modules, of compact and manageable
size
• A module is a small set of instructions applicable for individual requirements
• Sometimes, it is possible to set up common modules to meet the common
requirements of certain subsystems, it helps to smoothen and ensure the early
completion of projects
• Thus, according to the modularity concept, a system is viewed as a set of logically
integrated modules, which are coded and tested for their efficiency

7. Extent of Integration
• System is a group of interrelated subsystems
• Integration of these subsystems is required for the effective functioning of the
system
• Data files of one subsystem are required to be accessed by the other subsystems
and the information generated by the latter is accessed by another subsystem and
so on
• Subsystems are said to be integrated when a relationship exists among them in their
functioning or when they use the same data source for obtaining or providing
information to other subsystems, so that a linkage is established among them

8. Extent of Man-machine Integration
• Human beings interact with the information system in a variety of ways,
such as input provider, information accessory, programmer,. etc.
• In user-friendly systems, non-procedural languages help to reduce the
gap between the user and computer systems and the users are
provided with interfaces to interact with the systems.
• Thus, the contact point of the system with the end-user is referred to as
an interface.

9. Structure of MIS
Operating
Elements
Decision Support
Management
Activity
Organizational
Functions
• Physical Components
• Processing Function
• Output for User
• Programmable
• Non-programmable
• Strategic Planning
• Tactical Planning
• Operational Planning
• Marketing S
• Production S
• Personnel S
• Purchase S
• Fin. Acc. S
Combine

10. Structure of MIS
Operating
Elements
Decision Support
Management
Activity
Organizational
Functions
Combine
Process: Synthesis of MIS Structure
Physical Structure Conceptual Structure

11. Synthesis of MIS
• There are various approaches to describe the structure of MIS
• The structure of MIS has been explained in terms of decision making, management
activity, organizational functions and operating elements
• These different approaches of MIS can be combined to get an overall perspective of
MIS structure
• This process of combining these different approaches of MIS is called Synthesis of
Management Information System
• This can be of two ways
• Conceptual structure
• Physical structure

12. Synthesis of MIS
Structure
Physical Structure
Integrated Processing
Common Modules
Conceptual Structure
Strategic Control
Management Control
Operational Control
Transaction Control

13. • Conceptually it is a federation of subsystems integrated through the database
software
• Conceptual structure of MIS each functional subsystem uses completely
separate programs and perform functions independently
• Conceptually each functional subsystem is having its own files
• The organizational MIS is having a database, models for planning, decision and
investment in the model base and commonly shared application software
• The common database is manage by database management software (DBMS)
• Information requirement changes
Conceptual Structure

14. Conceptual Structure
• The conceptual structure of a MIS is a federation of functional systems
includes, production, finance, personnel and marketing
• Each of these subsystems of information system is supported to provide
information support to executives for operational control, management
control and strategic planning
• Different operational functions have different information requirements
• Their information requirements vary not only in current but also in
characteristics

15. • In fact the content of information depends upon the activities to be performed
under an operational functions, in turn, influences the characteristics, which
particular information possesses.
• The levels of management activity also influence the characteristics of
information
• Strategic planning requires more external information
• On the other hand management control level requires more accurate, precise,
and repetitive information
• Operation management needs very detailed information for performing the
day- to-day activities

19. 1. Strategic Control
• Strategic control is “the critical evaluation of plans, activities, and results,
thereby providing information for the future action”
• This involves crafting
• Vision statements (long-term projections for the future)
• Mission statements (describing the organization’s role in society)
• Overall corporate objectives (both financial and strategic)
• Strategic business unit objectives (both financial and strategic)
• Tactical objectives
• These objectives should suggest a strategic plan that provides details (tactics)
for achieving these objectives

20. 2. Management Control
• This requires that resources are acquired and used effectively and efficiently
to attain the objectives of the organization
• This is a middle management role
• Managers in this role take guidance from the strategic planning hierarchy and
control the activities of the organization such that the goals set by the higher
level are attained in an efficient and effective manner
• The impact of the decisions of the managers in this role is medium term and
degree

21. For using and utilization of resources, Activities include;
• Acquisition of resources
• Acquisition of Tactics
• New product development
• Establishment and monitoring of budget
Requires information about
• Targets and Actual
• Variations

22. 3. Operational Control
• Operational control regulates the day-to-day output relative to schedules,
specifications, and costs
• Are product and service output high-quality and delivered on time?
• Are inventories of raw materials, goods-in-process, and finished products
being purchased and produced in the desired quantities?
• Are the costs associated with the transformation process in line with cost
estimates?
• Is the information needed in the transformation process available in the right
form and at the right time?
• Is the energy resource being used efficiently?

23. It require very short information about:
• Resources of all kind
• Production targets
• Sales targets for day or two
• People availability
• Information about pre established rules and procedure
• Information about internal Sources
• High degree of Accuracy

24. 4. Transaction Control / Processing
• A transaction control used to handle the processing and tracking of transactions
• A transaction is an event that can occur as a series of steps, such as taking and
fulfilling an order from a customer
• Transaction control designed to process routine transactions efficiently and
accurately
• Basic business systems that serve the operational level
• A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions
necessary to the conduct of the business

25. Physical Structure
• A MIS is an organized system which consists of people, hardware,
communication networks, data sources that collects, transforms and distributes
information in an organization
• It is a tool which helps mangers in making decisions by providing regular flow of
accurate information in an organization
• The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database,
personnel and procedures

26. 1. Integrated Processing
• It is achieved by designing several related applications as a single system
in order to simplify the interconnection and reduce duplication of
output.
• All process control systems are independent full-function systems and are
based on solutions that enable integration of these systems into the
single system

27. In integrated process control system of an oil field comprises the following levels of
control:
• Upper level – level of supervisory monitoring and control. This level deals with
acquisition, processing and transfer of information related to operation of all field
facilities and supervisory control performed from the central operator room of the
field. Some functions of supervisory control are carried out from the central (remote)
office of the company.
• Middle level – field subsystems: production, formation pressure maintenance,
treatment, field oil piping, power supply. This level provides visualization of
information about the process flow and generation of operating control commands
from operator workstations located in operator rooms of facilities (central oil
gathering plant, pump stations, gas-turbine power station).
• Lower level – process equipment. This level is designed for direct interaction with the
process by means of control stations and panels as well as local control systems
located in control points and equipment rooms in close proximity to the process
equipment.

28. 2. Common Modules
• Modularity concept
• Module is a small set of processing instructions in which perform one or
small number of functions
• Information system modules are to be identified by factoring the
system
• After modules are designed coded and tested, logically integrated

29. Thank You