In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content required for the Mucoadhesive drug delivery system.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
Application Of Polymer In Controlled Release FormulationAnindya Jana
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Polymers can be used as film coatings to disguise the unpleasant taste of a drug, to enhance drug stability and to modify drug release characteristics.
As a consequence, increasing attention has been focused on methods of giving drugs continually for a prolonged time periods and in a controlled fashion.
This technology now spans many fields and includes pharmaceutical, food and agricultural applications, pesticides, cosmetics, and household products.
Description about a type of activation modulated drug delivery system, which a type of control drug delivery system.
Also, give a detailed description about each subclassification.
CrDDS is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systematically, for a prolong period of time.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
Controlled Release Oral Drug Delivery System
Controlled drug delivery is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systemically, for a specified period of time.
Implantable drug delivery systems are designed to be placed under the skin and
release drugs into the blood circulation without repetitive insertion of needles.
Therefore, IDDS is defined as “a sterile drug delivery device for subcutaneous
implantation having the ability to deliver drugs at a controlled rate over a
prolonged time period, comprising a rod -shaped polymeric inner matrix
with an elongated body and two ends”.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Introduction to Mucosal Drug Delivery SystemsAshwiniRaikar1
Introduction, Principle of bioadhesion or mucoadhesion, concepts, advantaged and disadvantages, transmucosal permeability and formulation consideration of buccal delivery systems.
Buccal drug delivery system is part of mucoadhesive drug delivery system and their principal and formulation ,mechanisam of adhesion to mucosa ,use of polymers in BDDS and permiability enhancers and evaluation parameters of buccal tablets and patchs
Avoid first pass effect,
Application Of Polymer In Controlled Release FormulationAnindya Jana
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Polymers can be used as film coatings to disguise the unpleasant taste of a drug, to enhance drug stability and to modify drug release characteristics.
As a consequence, increasing attention has been focused on methods of giving drugs continually for a prolonged time periods and in a controlled fashion.
This technology now spans many fields and includes pharmaceutical, food and agricultural applications, pesticides, cosmetics, and household products.
Description about a type of activation modulated drug delivery system, which a type of control drug delivery system.
Also, give a detailed description about each subclassification.
CrDDS is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systematically, for a prolong period of time.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
Controlled Release Oral Drug Delivery System
Controlled drug delivery is one which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate, for locally or systemically, for a specified period of time.
Implantable drug delivery systems are designed to be placed under the skin and
release drugs into the blood circulation without repetitive insertion of needles.
Therefore, IDDS is defined as “a sterile drug delivery device for subcutaneous
implantation having the ability to deliver drugs at a controlled rate over a
prolonged time period, comprising a rod -shaped polymeric inner matrix
with an elongated body and two ends”.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Introduction to Mucosal Drug Delivery SystemsAshwiniRaikar1
Introduction, Principle of bioadhesion or mucoadhesion, concepts, advantaged and disadvantages, transmucosal permeability and formulation consideration of buccal delivery systems.
Buccal drug delivery system is part of mucoadhesive drug delivery system and their principal and formulation ,mechanisam of adhesion to mucosa ,use of polymers in BDDS and permiability enhancers and evaluation parameters of buccal tablets and patchs
Avoid first pass effect,
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system has gained interest among pharmaceutical scientists as a means of promoting dosage form residence time as well as improving intimacy of contact with various absorptive membranes of the bio- logical system
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content required for the title.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content required for the title.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content required for the title.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
THIS PRESENTATION CONTENT WILL GIVE YOU BRIEF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HOW YOU CAN IMPROVE THE PROCESS OUTPUT WITH A PROPER PRE-DESIGNED STRUCTURE FOR THAT PARTICULAR.
ISO 9000, Lean manufacturing, and Six Sigma Works on the principle of total quality management or we can say that they overshadowed the TQM due to their efficient output in comparison to it.
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content is required for this method
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content required for the aptamer based drug delivery.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
In this presentation I have mentioned whatever the possible relevant content/guidelines require for biowaiver application.
Citation Is done at the end of slide.
Content is up to date & true to my belief.
Thanks & Best Regards.
Anurag Pandey
B.Pharm (FACULTY OF PHARMACY, INVERTIS UNIVERSITY)
M.Pharm (INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY)
Email :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com
Almost Exact Procedure is provided in each & every slide ..
Thanks & Best Regards
Anurag Pandey (B.Pharm)
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail)
Easy & to the point Topics are clearly given in this presentation..
Thanks & Best Regard
(Anurag Pandey) B.Pharm
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail both)
More from Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University (9)
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
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Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
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Fitness Regimen
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Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
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Olfactory Genes:
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400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
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Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
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Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
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Characteristics of Smell:
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Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
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1. 1
MUCOADHESIVE
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Presented by :-
Anurag Pandey
M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
17mph101
Under the guidance of :-
Dr. Dhaivat Parikh
Asst. Professor
Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University
2. INTRODUCTION
WHY MDDS?
GENERAL COMPOSITION OF MUCUS
THEORIES OF MUCO-ADHESIVE
MECHANISM OF MUCO-ADHESION
MUCO-ADHESIVE POLYMER
DIFFERENT ROUTES OF TARGETING MDDS
FORMULATION DESIGN
MUCO-ADHESIVE DOSAGE FORM
METHODS OF EVALUATION
FACTOR AFFECTING MUCO-ADHESION
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
FLOW OF PRESENTATION
3. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer
covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules &
increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the
absorption.
QUESTION: - HOW RESIDENCE TIME INCREASE?
Comment: - Drug can be incorporated into a cross linked polymer
device that would adhere to mucosal membrane in the body .the drug
can diffuse from device directly in the tissue.
INTRODUCTION
4. Adhesion of polymer device result in increased residence time,
bioavailability & site specificity & as well it decreases in frequency
of administration with low dose , rate of elimination.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery
system.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be
administered & poor absorption, then MDDS is best choice.
CONT…
5. CONT…
MUCO
1. Inner layers called mucosa
2. Inner epithelial Cell lining Covered with
viscoelastic fluid.
3. Secreted by Goblet cells
4. Composed of water and mucin (an
anionic polyelectrolyte)
5. Other components include proteins,
lipids and mucopolysaccharides ,
electrolytes
6. Main role is protective and lubricates
ADHESIVE
1. Tendency substance to remain
adhered to surface.
2. If synthetic or natural polymer
adheres to Biological membrane
(epithelial cells) which allows the
polymer to adhere to the biological
surface for an extended period of time
is called as Bio-adhesion
3. If substance adhere to Biological
mucosal layers is called as Muco-
adhesion.
6. Avoidance of First pass Metabolism.
Better absorption of peptide by penetration enhancer.
Prolong residence time.
Localization of drug at given site.
Intimate contact of the dosage form with the underlying absorption .
Improve the therapeutic performance of drug.
Should not cause irritation.
High drug loading capacity.
Controlled drug release (preferably unidirectional release).
WHY MDDS?
7. Water…………………………………………..95% (More than 95%)
Glycoprotein and lipids……………………..0.5-5% (Due to which gel like str.
Usually seen & surface of mucosal membranes are composed of high molecular
weight polymers known as glycoproteins)
Mineral salts…………………………….…..…1%
Free proteins……………………………….…..0.5-1%
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
GENERAL COMPOSITION OF MUCUS
8. Chemically oligosaccharide chain with terminal Sialic acid (pka=2.6)
Mucins are large molecules with molecular masses ranging from 0.5 to
over 20 MDa.
Gastric mucin of Mw ≈10 Mda
Function of Mucus Membrane
Protective
Barrier
Adhesion
Lubrication
CONT…
9. There are seven theories have been proposed till date :-
1. The electronic theory,
2. The wetting theory,
3. The adsorption theory.
4. The diffusion theory,
5. The mechanical theory
6. The cohesive theory.
7. Fracture theory.
THEORIES OF MUCOAHESIVE DELIVERY
10. The electronic theory
Proposes transfer of electrons amongst the surfaces due to difference in
their electrical structure resulting in the formation of an electrical double
layer thereby giving rise to attractive forces.
The wetting theory
Postulates that if the contact angle of liquids on the substrate surface is
lower, then there is a greater affinity for the liquid to the substrate surface.
If two such substrate surfaces are brought in contact with each other in
the presence of the liquid, the liquid may act as an adhesive amongst the
substrate surfaces.
CONT..
11. The adsorption theory
After initial contact of the material adhere to surface due to forces acting
between the atoms in the two surfaces later result in formation of
bonds(primary & secondary )due to the presence of intermolecular forces,
viz. hydrogen bonding and Van der Waal’s forces, for the adhesive
interaction amongst the substrate surfaces.
The diffusion theory
Assumes the diffusion of the polymer chains, present on the substrate
surfaces, across the adhesive interface thereby forming a networked of
semipermeable structure. The extent depth to which the polymer chain
penetrate the mucus depend on diffusion coefficient & time of contact .
CONT..
12. The mechanical theory
It explains the diffusion of the liquid adhesives into the micro-cracks and
irregularities present on the substrate surface thereby forming an
interlocked structure which gives rise to adhesion.
Surface roughness =d/h
The cohesive theory
It proposes that the phenomena of bio-adhesion are mainly due to the
intermolecular interactions amongst like-molecules.
CONT…
13. Fracture theory :-
This theory attempts to relate the difficulty of separation of two
surfaces after adhesion.
Adhesion Strength =
𝐸 ∗
𝜀
𝑙
E =Young’s modulus of elasticity
ԑ = Fracture energy
L = Critical crack length when two surfaces are separated
CONT…
14. MECHANISM OF MUCOADHESION
Wetting and swelling of the
polymer(contact stage)
Interpenetration between the
polymer chains and the mucosal
membrane
Formation of bonds between the
entangled chains
(both known as consolidation stage)
STAGE -I
STAGE-II
STAGE-III
15. They are water soluble and water insoluble polymers
which forms swellable networks
joined by cross linking agent &
Sometimes referred to as biological ‘Glues’.
MUCOADHESIVE POLYMER
17. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL
MUCOADHESIVE POLYMER
1 The polymer and its degradation products should be nontoxic and
should be non-absorbable from the gastrointestinal tract.
2 It should be nonirritant & non-abrasive to the mucous membrane.
3 It should preferably form a strong non-covalent bond with the mucin-
epithelial cell surfaces.
4 It should adhere quickly to most tissue and should possess some site-
specificity.
5 Surface tensions
18. CONT…
5 It should allow easy incorporation to the drug and offer no hindrance to
its release.
6 The polymer must not decompose on storage or during the shelf life of
the dosage form.
7 The cost of polymer should not be high so that the prepared dosage
form remains competitive.
8 It should get Wash out at desired period.
9 The muco-adhesive should be with high drug-loading capability.
19. POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
A) Based on Specificity
Specific bio-adhesive polymers
ability to adhere to specific chemical
structures within the biological
molecules
lectins
fimbrin
Non-specific bio-adhesive polymers
Are the ability to bind with both the
cell surfaces and the mucosal layer
polyacrylic acid
Cyanoacrylates
20. CONT…
B- According to
their source
Natural and
semisynthetic
Chitosan
Agarose
Gelatin
Pectin
CMC,HPMC
Synthetic
Carbopol
PVA,PVP
Meth acrylic
acid
Poly
carbophil
21. DIFFERENT ROUTES OF TARGETING MDDS
MDDS
Rectal
DDS
Vaginal
DDS
Ocular
DDS
Nasal
DDS
Bucca
l DDS
Sublin--
gual
DDS
GI
Tract
22. In case of both mucosal (local) & trans mucosal (systemic) adm.,
conventional dosage are not able to assure therapeutic level.
In MDDS contain the following functional agents-
1. Mucoadhesive agents
2. Penetration enhancers
3. Enzyme inhibitors
FORMULATION DESIGN
23. 1. MUCOADHESIVE AGENTS
The polymer hydration & consequently the mucus cohesive properties that
promote muco-adhesion. Swelling should favour polymer chain flexibility &
interpenetration b/w polymer & mucin chains.
Ex -Polyacrylic acid (PAA), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Sodium
carboxymethylcelluose (NaCMC), Sodium alginate, HPMC, HEC, HPC
Various copolymer of acrylic acid, polyethylene glycol mono-methyl ether
copolymer have also been studied.
CONT…
24. 2. PENETRATION ENHANCERS (PE)
PE is also required when a drug has to reach the systemic circulation to
exert its action.
Must be non-irritant & have a reversible effect.
Recently chitosan & its derivatives, polymers already known for MA
properties. Chitosan help transportation of drug throw paracellular
pathway.
CONT…
25. E.g., of Permeation Enhancer :-
Benzalkonium chloride, Dextran sulfate ,Fatty acid, Propyleneglycol, Menthol,
Phosphatidylcholine, Polysorbate 80, Sodium EDTA
3. ENZYME INHIBITORS
Drug + enzyme inhibitors Improving the buccal absorption of drugs particularly
peptides.
E.g., Aprotinin, Bestatin, Puromycin
Bile salts stabilize protein drugs by different mechanism (effecting the activity of the
enzymes, altering the conformation of the protein.
Chemical modification of chitosan with EDTA produces polymer conjugate chitosan –
EDTA that is a very potent inhibitor of metallopeptidases (carboxypeptidase)
CONT…
26. MUCOADHESIVE DOSAGE FORM
Semisolid
Gels & ointment
Films
Patches
Solid
Tablets
Matrix tablet
Mucoadhesive micro
particles /microsphere
Bioadhesive inserts
Liquid
Suspensions
Gel forming liquids
MUCOADHESIVE
DOSAGE FORM
27. Particle Size and Shape
Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Surface Characterization of The Mucoadhesive Microspheres
Data from the SEM, provides insight to the surface morphology of microspheres.
Surface Charge Study
From photon correlation spectroscopy data the surface charge (zeta potential) of the
Mucoadhesive microspheres can be determine
Entrapment Efficiency
% Entrapment = Actual content/Theoretical content x 100
METHODS OF EVALUATION
28. Swelling Index
% swelling = weight of dried microsphere - weight of swelled microsphere/weight of swelled
microsphere × 100
In- Vitro Release Study
Standard IP/BP/USP dissolution apparatus is used to study in-vitro release.
Ex-Vivo Muco-adhesion Study
The Mucoadhesive property of the microspheres is evaluated on goat’s intestinal mucosa by
using phosphate buffer, as per monograph.
CONT…
29. A) POLYMER RELATED :-
1) Molecular weight –up to 10 00 000 and beyond this there is not much effective.
2) Concentration of active polymer –optimum not too high that significantly drops
strength.
3) Flexibility of polymer chain.
4) Spatial conformation.
B) ENVIRONMENTAL RELATED :-
1) pH
2) Applied strength – increase up to optimum level
3) Initial contact time
4) Swelling –too greater decrease the adhesion
5) Mucus compassion
C) PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS :-
1) Mucin turns over
2) Diseased state
FACTOR AFFECTING MUCO-ADHESION
30. 30
1. Prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
2. Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
3. Painless administration.
4. Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
Advantages
1. Drug , which irritate the oral mucosa ,have a bitter
or unpleasant taste ,odor cannot be administer by
this route.
2. Some patient suffers unpleasant feeling.
3. Costly drug delivery system.
Disadvantages
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31. Mucoadhesive dosage forms have a high potential of being useful
means of delivering drugs to the body. Current use of muco-adhesive
polymers to increase contact time for a wide variety of drugs and
routes of administration has shown dramatic improvement in both
specific therapies and more general patient compliance. The general
properties of these polymers for purpose of sustained release of
chemicals are marginal in being able to accommodate a wide range
of physicochemical drug properties. Hence muco-adhesive polymers
can be used as means of improving drug delivery through different
routes like gastrointestinal, nasal, ocular, buccal, vaginal and rectal .
CONCLUSION
32. REFERENCES
Yadav Vimal K.,Kumar Brajesh,Prajapati S.K.,shafaat Kausar,
Design and evaluation of Mucoadhesive microspheres of
repaglinide for oral controlled release,Published by International
Journal of Drug Delivery 3 (2011) 357-370, ISSN: 0975-021.
Nazir Imran, Bashir Sajid et al, Development and Evaluation of
Sustained Release Microspheres of Repaglinide for Management of
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,Published By, Journal of Pharmacy and
Alternative Medicine, Vol 1, 2012, ISSN 2222-4807