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![An allomorph is the way or ways a morph can
potentially sound. It describes the actual realization of
a morph's sound.
For example:
[-s] as in [-s] 'hats'
[-z] as in [-z] 'dogs'
[-ez] as in [-ez] 'boxes'](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/morphologyjuvygailandangelrecovered-160914043653/75/Morphology-24-2048.jpg)
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Morphology
- 7. MECHANICS OF THEGAME: 1. All students should participate in the game. 2. Half of the participants should be seated on the chairs provided, while the other half will be moving around the circle when the music starts to play. 3. The people who are seated on the chairs will be bringing a piece of paper which contains the answer to the given questions. 4. The teacher will read a question before the start of each round. 5. When the music player suddenly stops the music, the people outside the circle should sit on the seats provided. If the player would sit on the chair which contains the correct answer, he/she will be eliminated from the game.
- 8. - Greek "morphe"(form) + logy (science/study) Prepared by: Juvenalyn Luab Karen Gail Amoin Ma. Angelica Dungog
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- 10. - It isthe study of word formation and of the structure of words. - It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as: * stems * root words * prefixes * suffixes Morphology
- 11. STRUCTURE of WORDS *SimpleWords - no internal structure; consist of a single morpheme. Examples: love, farm, live , etc.
- 12. * Complex Words -do have internal structure; consist of more than one morpheme. Examples: lover, farmer , lives , etc.
- 13. MORPHEME ~ is thesmallest grammatical unit that carries meaning and or a grammatical function. * Morphemes aare in a sense atomic signs: they can't be split up further.
- 14. * A wordconsists of one or more morphemes. * Words consisting of morphemes that cannot be reanalyzed into smaller chunks are root morphemes. * When the root morpheme combines with another morpheme, it forms a stem.
- 16. EXAMPLES of MORPHEMES: *pre-, dis-, in-, un-, -ful, -able, - ment, -ly, -ise * test, comfort, assign , interpret , common, real
- 17. Allomorphs ~ are differentrealizations or versions of one morpheme, such as the plural endings ( -s ) : /s/ - as in bats, cats, pets, etc. /z/ - as in bugs, boys, girls, dogs, etc. /ɪz/ - as in buses, ladies, watches, etc.
- 18. cats , dogs, buses *The pluralizing morphemes (-s and -es) have 3 different potential pronunciations - /s/, /z/ and /iz/. We call these allomorphs because they represent different pronunciation potentials of the same morphemes, the plural morphemes.
- 19. The plural morphemes (-sand -es) * cats , dogs = /-s/ is plural morpheme with one morph (-s) * buses , watches = /-es/ is plural morpheme with two morphs (-es)
- 21. Morphology ~ is thestudy of the formation of words and their structure.
- 22. Morpheme ~ is thesmallest unit of a word that has a meaning.
- 23. Morph ~ is thephonetic realization of that morpheme, or in plain English, the way it is formed.
- 24. An allomorph isthe way or ways a morph can potentially sound. It describes the actual realization of a morph's sound. For example: [-s] as in [-s] 'hats' [-z] as in [-z] 'dogs' [-ez] as in [-ez] 'boxes'
- 26. According to Occurrence Free Morphemes– morphemes that can stand alone Example: Simple words: the, farm, run, duck Compound words: keyboard, greenhouse, bloodshed Bound Morphemes – require the presence of another morpheme to make up a word - can’t occur independently Examples: -er, -s, and –ling, pre-, dis-, -ful pretest, discontent, beautiful
- 27. Affixes Affixes are boundmorphemes. Prefixes – occur before the morpheme Examples: unhappy, impatient, malnutrition Suffixes – occur after a morpheme Examples: friendly, priceless, cheerful Infix – goes inside another morpheme Examples: absofreakinglutely
- 28. According to Function LexicalMorphemes – words that have meaning by themselves - convey the major content of a message Examples: farm, happy, beauty
- 29. Bound Roots – wordscarry no meaning apart from the word in which they are found Example: cranberry - There are other roots which are bound in the in certain contexts and free in others Example: blackboard
- 30. Derivational Affixes – affixesthat are attach to a lexical root and result in a new word - change the meaning and part-of-speech of the morpheme they are attached to Examples: bake – baker boil - boiler
- 31. Examples of Derivational Affixes Noun– Adjective Verb - Noun boy + ish sing + er Noun – Verb Adjective - Noun vapor + ize free + dom Adjective – Adverb Verb - Adjective exact + ly read + able
- 32. Some derivational suffixesdo not cause change in grammatical class. Noun – Noun Verb - Verb friend + ship un + do Adjective – Adjective pink + ish
- 33. Grammatical Morphemes - giveinformation about the grammatical structure of the utterance - words that function to specify the relationship between one lexical morpheme and another Examples: at, in, on, -ed, -s
- 34. Two Types ofGrammatical Morphemes 1. Free Grammatical Morphemes - words that can stand alone which signal grammatical and semantic roles and relationships, and qualify or modify meaning - Articles, prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns are grammatical morphemes Examples: the, an, to, of, by, for, and, but, his, her
- 35. 2. Bound GrammaticalMorphemes - suffixes that indicate grammatical and semantic roles and relationships and qualify or modify meaning Examples: (-pl ) plural morpheme – girls (-er) comparative – higher (-est) superlative – highest (past participle) - taken
- 36. Inflectional Affixes - givegrammatical information relevant to the interpretation of a sentence 8 Inflectional Affixes in English (PLU) = plural Noun –s boys (POSS) = possessive Noun - ‘s boy’s (COMP) = comparative Adj -er older (SUP) = superlative Adj -est oldest
- 37. (PRES) = presentVerb -s walks (PAST) = past Verb -ed walked (PAST PART) = past participle Verb -en driven (PRES PART) = present participle Verb -ing driving
- 38. Clitics - a wordor part of a word that is structurally dependent on a neighboring word (its host) and cannot stand on its own Enclitics – appears after its host Examples: they’ve (they have, she’s (she is), don’t (do not) Proclitics – appears before its host Examples: d’you (do you), ‘tis (it is)
- 40. Read Me! Weeks WebsWatches Bits Beds Bridges Backs Bags Juices Briefs Bells Slices Jars Blazes Straws Limbs Fans Doves Delays
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- 42. Allomorph - One oftwo or more complementary morphs which manifest a morpheme in its different phonological or morphological environments - A variant form of a morpheme, that is, when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning
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- 46. The past tenseform of hurt is formed by adding the zero allomorph to this word Hurt = Hurt 2. Zero Allomorphs
- 47. The /I/ inDrink is replaced by the /ae/ in Drank to signal the simple past 3. Replacive Allomorphs
- 48. Morphemes that arequite different phonologically Example: Good-Better-Best (The derived comparative and superlative forms of good with the regular derivational suffixes –er and –e(st) 4. Suppletive Allomorphs
- 49. Let’s Try! Bad Badly Far (distance) Far(extent) Ill Late Little (amount) Many Much Well
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Editor's Notes
- #43 Explains the comprehension of phonological variations for specific morphemes