- The document provides information on the BE verb and its present tense forms (am, is, are), pronouns, possessives, and the present continuous tense. - It discusses yes/no questions and short answers with the BE verb. It also covers using can to show ability, prepositions like in and on, wh- questions, and irregular plural nouns.

1. •
•
•
•
BE verb
Pronouns
GENETIVE
Present Continuous
BE-verbin preesens
Pronomineja
Omistus
Preesensin kestomuoto
•
•
Can
Prepositions
Prepositiot
Ritva Tammi 2009
(BE + -ing)

2. BE-verb - PRESENT tense
BE-verbillä on kolme nykyajan verbimuotoa:
AM, IS, ARE
Muoto valitaan subjektin/pronominin mukaisesti.
TO BE
I am a teacher.
substantiivi
adjektiivi
This is the classroom.
These are skyscrapers. The rose is red.

3. TOTEAMUS-(väite)LAUSEET
Subjekti
Verbimuoto
Esimerkki
I
AM
I am a teacher.
You
ARE
You are a student.
He
IS
He is in the lab.
She
IS
She is my sister.
It
IS
It is a city.
We
ARE
We are friends.
They
ARE
They are doctors.

4. KIELTEISET LAUSEET
Kielteisissä lauseissa lisäät
perään (am, are, is)
She is not sad
NOT olla-verbin preesensmuotojen
They are not at school

5. negative
forms
I am not
I`m not
He
She
He`s not = He isn’t
She’s not = She isn’t
It’s not = It isn’t
is not
It
We
You
They
are not
We’re not = We aren’t
You’re not = You aren’t
They’re not = They aren’t

6. Englannin kielessä on kahdenlaisia kysymyksiä:
1)
Kysymyssanalla muodostettavat kysymykset
Alkavat WH-sanoilla: WHO, WHERE, WHAT, WHICH, WHEN (ja HOW!)
Where do you live?
Who’s your idol?
2)
Yes/No –kysymykset
-> I live in Kitee.
-> I don’t have any particular idols.
(-> vastaus alkaa aina ‘kyllä’ tai ‘ei)
Muista vastatessasi Yes/No –kysymykseen kiinnittää huomiota subjektiin!
Do you like indie music?
Does he enjoy reading?
-> Yes, I do.
-> No, he doesn’t.

7. Toteamus(väitelause):
Yes / No –kysymys:
Lyhyet vastaukset:
Antti and Eeva are students.
Are Antti and Eeva students?
Are they? - Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
Täydelliset vastaukset:
Yes, they are students.
/No, they are not students.
Toteamus(väitelause):
Yes / No –kysymys:
Lyhyet vastaukset:
Täydelliset vastaukset:
Ann is tall and thin.
Is Ann tall and thin?
Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Yes, she is tall and thin.
/No, she is not tall and thin

8. WH –kysymyksillä haetaan vastausta siihen, mitä kysymyssanalla kysytään.
What...?
-> kysytään ASIAA, ESINETTÄ, OLIOTA
What do you want for your birthday?
Which flower? <- kysytään tarkemmin
-> A flower.
-> A rose.
Where...?
-> kysytään PAIKKAA
When...?
-> kysytään AIKAA
Who...?
-> kysytään HENKILÖÄ
-> This is my cousin.
Whose...?
-> kysytään OMISTAJAA
-> It’s my friend’s /...mine.
How...?
-> kysytään TAPAA
-> You do it so well /quickly.
Niillä haetaan siis
-> He lives in Joensuu.
-> We’ll meet at ten /tomorrow.
informaatiota
vastaus on toteamuslause = tieto kysymyssanan kysymästä asiasta.

9. Wh- word
What
Information on...
THINGS, OBJECTS
asioista, esineistä
NAMES - nimistä
OCCUPATIONS -ammatista
ACTIVITIES - tekemisistä
Examples
What is this? - It is a book.
What is your name? - Andrew.
What do you do? - I am a driver.
What is he doing? - He’s working.
- He’s a driver.
Who
PEOPLE -ihmisistä
Who is the director of the school?
Alistair Smith.
Where
PLACES - paikoista
Where is he? - In the house.
How
STATES, FEELINGS - tilasta
How are you? - I am sad.
How is your dog? - It is ill.
QUALITIES, PROPERTIES ominaisuuksista

10. REVIEW
- kertaus
Toteamus
Kielto
Yes/No -kysymys
Lyhyt vastaus
I am a teacher.
I am not a teacher.
Am I a teacher?
Yes, you are / No, you are not
You are a student.
You are not a student.
Are you a student?
Yes, I am / No, I am not
He is in the lab.
He is not in the lab.
Is he in the lab?
Yes, he is / No, he is not
She is my sister.
She is not my sister.
Is she my sister?
Yes, she is / No, she is not
It is a city.
It is not a city.
Is it a city?
Yes, it is / No, it is not
We are friends.
We are not friends.
Are we friends?
Yes, we are / No, we are not
They are doctors.
They are not doctors.
Are they doctors?
Yes, they are / No they are not

11. What is
that?
That is an airplane.
Is that a bird?
No, it is an airplane.
What are
those?
Those are books.
Are those books?
Yes, they are (books).

12. Demonstratives
Käytämme pronomineja
THIS / THESE
(‘tämä’/’nämä’),
kun asiat, esineet tai ajankohta ovat puhujaa lähellä.
This is an apple.
THIS + yksi
These are pencils.
THESE + monta

13. Demonstratives
Käytämme pronomineja THAT / THOSE (‘tuo’/’nuo’)
kun asiat, ajankohta tai ihmiset ovat kaukana puhujasta.
That is a lake.
Those are
mountains
THAT + ‘yksi’
THOSE + ‘monta’

14. -s
Noun ending
PLURAL
Forming the
plural
s, x, ch or sh
+ -es
consonant + y
y -> i
then
+ –es
most others
+ -s
Examples
boss - bosses
tax - taxes
bush - bushes
fly - flies
try - tries
curry – curries
cat - cats
face - faces
day – days

15. – epäsäännölliset monikot
ends –fe
loppuu - fe
ends –f
ends - o
(PLURAL form)
Examples
monikon muodostus
(NOUN) substantiivi
esimerkkejä
f -> v
->
+ –s
knife - knives
life - lives
wife - wives
f -> v
->
+ –es
half - halves
wolf - wolves
loaf - loaves
+ –es
potato - potatoes
tomato - tomatoes
volcano - volcanoes

16. IRREGULAR PLURALS
Ei muutu
Plural form
Examples
Muuta vokaali
tai
Muuta sana
tai
Lisää toinen pääte
NOUN
man - men
foot - feet
child - children
person - people
tooth - teeth
mouse - mice
Yksikkö ja monikko
samanlaiset
sheep
deer
fish (sometimes)

17. Possessive Pronouns
persoonapronominien omistusmuodot
PERUSMUOTO
OMISTUSMUOTO
I
my
you
your
he
his
she
her
it
its
we
our
they
their
+
NOUN (SUBSTANTIIVI)
(asia, esine)

18. Possessives
His shirt is new
Her pants are white
This is our house
This is her cat

19. GENIVITE
My grandparents’ car is fast.
Julia’s husband is John.
John is her husband.
The Child’s mother is happy

20. IN
In the house
In a room
In a car
in a shop
in a town
in a garden
ON
On a shelf
On a plate
On a balcony
on a wall
on the table
on a door
AT
At the bus station at home
At the door
at the top
At work
at the end of

21. - kuvaa tapahtumia, jotka
tapahtuvat parhaillaan
- kestomuodot = prosesseja
- sovitut ‘kalenteri’ tapahtumat
lähitulevaisuudessa
- Parturi, lääkäri, treffit
Subject
BE
-ING
FORM
I
Am
Singing
Is
Singing
Are
Singing
He
She
It
John
We
You
They

22. She’s cutting the grass
The man is driving a car
They are dancing
He’s dreaming
The girl is baking
The cow and the bird are
talking
He’s cleaning the window
She’s reading

23. Verb ending in...
How to make the -ING form
Examples
1 vokaali + 1
konsonantti
Kahdenna konsonantti
->
+ -ING
swim - swimming
hit - hitting
get - getting
1 vokaali + 1
konsonantti + E
Poista -E
->
+e
come - coming
lose - losing
live - living
[anything else]
+ - ING
say - saying
go - going
walk - walking

24. Can is used to show ability – kyky, taito
They can dance
He can’t play the piano
He can play
football
CAN / CAN’T
He can swim
He can skate

25. AFFIRMATIVE
toteamus
NEGATIVE
kielto
YES/NO
QUESTIONS
-> vastaus alkaa
YES/NO
I can cook
I can not cook
Can I cook?
Yes, you can / No,you can´t
You can dance
You can not dance
Can you dance?
Yes I can / No I can’t
He can play
He can not play
Can he play?
Yes, he can / No, he can`t
She can swim
She can not swim
Can she swim?
Yes, she can / No, she can’t
It can run
It can not run
Can it run?
Yes, it can / No, it can’t
We can sing
We can not sing
Can we sing?
Yes, we can / No, we can’t
SHORT ANSWERS
lyhyet vastaukset