This document discusses the structure of English syntax and parts of speech. It defines nouns and their characteristics, including that nouns can be proper or common, can be singular or plural, can have a possessive form, and can function as subjects, objects, or complements. It provides examples of different types of nouns like collective nouns, count nouns, noncount nouns, abstract nouns, and concrete nouns. Exercises are included for students to practice using nouns in sentences.

1. Jocelyn L Gagalang, Ph D
MW 9-10:30
Structure of
English

2. To which of the body parts can
you compare syntax with?

3. traditionally called “Parts of Speech”
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs
Pronouns, Articles, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, Interjections
Grammatical Categories

4. -- open sets and are content words, in that
they have particular semantic referents.
Why are they considered content words?
e.g. get, book, library
Major grammatical categories

5. -- are closed sets, and are function words,
in that they largely fulfill grammatical
functions and are necessary to make a
sentence that is acceptable in form.
e.g. Get the book from the library.
Minor grammatical categories

6. Let’s
check
your
group’s
answers

7. 1. introduce friend them
2. these topics present
3. children imitate
4. various activities launch
5. cheap flights abound
Exercises:
In groups of three, use the following words in complete
sentences. Present your answers to the class.

8. 6. body benefits exercise
7. never jeopardize health
8. summer fun all
9. heed parents’ advice
10. rethink cleanliness
Exercises:
In groups of three, use the following words in
complete sentences. Present your answers to
the class.

9. 1. occurs with a determiner before it
except:
proper nouns and some
common nouns
2. has singular and plural forms
3. has a possessive form (‘s or ‘)
NOUNS: Definition and Characteristics

10. 4. may function as:
subject of a verb: Time flies.
object of a transitive verb:
Faith can move mountains.
complement of a transitive verb:
We call them heroes.

11. complement of a linking verb:
e.g. Destiny is not chance.
object of a preposition:
e.g. Demitasse is after dinner.
nominative of address:
e.g. Buyers beware!

12. appositive:
e.g. Henning Brendt, the alchemist,
discovered phosphorous in
1669.
Noun Song

13. specific names and are capitalized
e.g. University of Rizal System
Dior
Samsung
Write down your own five samples.
Proper Nouns

14. According to grammatical number:
collective nouns: e.g. person (jury,
committee)
may be treated as singular or plural
count nouns: e.g. box, package, cars
have plural forms
Common Nouns

15. noncount or mass nouns: e.g. cloth,
water, wheat,
do not have plural forms except
under special contexts

16.  According to reference
abstract nouns: e.g. imagination,
anger, fear, love, honesty
These refer to concepts, emotions, etc.
Common Nouns

17. concrete nouns: e.g. thunder,
earthquake, fragrance
These refer to phenomena which
can be experienced through the
senses.

18. Group yourselves into five and on the
allotted space on the board write down
as many nouns as you can think of within
60 seconds.
Explain the type of each noun to the class
with members taking turns.
Noun Activity

19. Write down a summary of your
favorite TV show, book or movie.
Home Work