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Phylum mollusca
The document describes key characteristics of the phylum Mollusca. It includes information on their anatomy, physiology and taxonomy. Some key points are: - Molluscs are soft-bodied or shelled animals including snails, slugs, clams, squid and octopuses. - They have a mantle, visceral mass, and in most cases a shell secreted by the mantle. - Major classes include gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, chitons and others. - Life cycles typically involve a trochophore larva, veliger larva and indirect development to adulthood.
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Phylum mollusca
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- 2. Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca ProtostomesProtostomes Lophotrochozoan groupLophotrochozoan group Eucoelomates (coelomates)Eucoelomates (coelomates) Tridacna squamosa Tridacna gigas
- 3. Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca Soft BodiedSoft Bodied ShelledShelled Some withoutSome without CephalizationCephalization Sensory organsSensory organs MouthsMouths Body DivisionsBody Divisions Visceral MassVisceral Mass Head-FootHead-Foot MantleMantle Tonicella lineata
- 4. Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca Complete digestive tractComplete digestive tract Digestive glandsDigestive glands Specialized feedingSpecialized feeding structuresstructures Circulatory systemCirculatory system Heart (2 chambers)Heart (2 chambers) Open system in mostOpen system in most groupsgroups Closed in cephalopodsClosed in cephalopods Coelom restricted to pericardium in most casesCoelom restricted to pericardium in most cases Octopus briareus
- 5. Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca Advanced nervous systemAdvanced nervous system BrainBrain Sensory organsSensory organs Eyes (simple and camera)Eyes (simple and camera) Sensory papillaeSensory papillae Excretory systemExcretory system Kidney-like nephridiaKidney-like nephridia ReproductionReproduction Monoecious and dioeciousMonoecious and dioecious External developmentExternal development External & internalExternal & internal fertilizationfertilization
- 6. Mollusc PhylogenyMollusc Phylogeny ~50-80K extant~50-80K extant speciesspecies ~40K extinct~40K extinct speciesspecies Fossil recordsFossil records from precambrianfrom precambrian period ofperiod of proterozoic eonproterozoic eon (>570my BP)(>570my BP)
- 7. MolluscMollusc PhylogenyPhylogeny Mantle secretingMantlesecreting shellshell Muscular footMuscular foot Chambered heartChambered heart
- 8. Mollusc TaxonomyMollusc Taxonomy Major classesMajor classes PolyplacophoraPolyplacophora ChitonsChitons Chiton tuberculatusChiton tuberculatus lives inlives in the rocky intertidal zonesthe rocky intertidal zones eat algae with its radulaeat algae with its radula 8 shell plates8 shell plates
- 9. Mollusc TaxonomyMollusc Taxonomy Major classesMajor classes PolyplacophoraPolyplacophora GastropodaGastropoda Subclasses:Subclasses: ProsobranchiaProsobranchia Shelled marineShelled marine gastropodsgastropods Atlantic triton’s trumpetAtlantic triton’s trumpet ((Charonia variegataCharonia variegata)) Tiger cowrie (Tiger cowrie (Cypraea tigrisCypraea tigris))
- 10. Mollusc TaxonomyMollusc Taxonomy Major classesMajor classes PolyplacophoraPolyplacophora GastropodaGastropoda Subclasses:Subclasses: ProsobranchiaProsobranchia OpisthobranchiaOpisthobranchia Sea slugs (marine)Sea slugs (marine) zebra sea goddesszebra sea goddess ((Hypselodoris zebraHypselodoris zebra)) Spotted sea hare (Spotted sea hare (Aplysia dactylomelaAplysia dactylomela Phidiana hiltoni
- 11. Mollusc TaxonomyMollusc Taxonomy Major classesMajor classes PolyplacophoraPolyplacophora GastropodaGastropoda Subclasses:Subclasses: ProsobranchiaProsobranchia OpisthobranchiaOpisthobranchia PulmonataPulmonata TerrestrialTerrestrial snails/slugssnails/slugs FreshwaterFreshwater snailssnails Helminthoglypta walkeriana Giant banana slug (Ariolimax columbians)
- 12. Mollusc TaxonomyMollusc Taxonomy Major classesMajor classes PolyplacophoraPolyplacophora GastropodaGastropoda BivalviaBivalvia Clams, oysters,Clams, oysters, mussels, scallopsmussels, scallops Bay scallop (Aequipecten irradians) Edible mussels (Mytilus edulis) Ostrea edulis
- 13. Mollusc TaxonomyMollusc Taxonomy Major classesMajor classes PolyplacophoraPolyplacophora GastropodaGastropoda BivalviaBivalvia CephalopodaCephalopoda Octopus, squid, nautilusOctopus, squid, nautilus Giant cuttlefish (Giant cuttlefish (Sepia latimanusSepia latimanus)) Nautilus sp Octopus sp
- 14. Mollusc TaxonomyMollusc Taxonomy Major classesMajor classes PolyplacophoraPolyplacophora GastropodaGastropoda BivalviaBivalvia CephalopodaCephalopoda Minor classesMinor classes MonoplacophoraMonoplacophora SolenogastresSolenogastres CaudofoveataCaudofoveata
- 15. Generalized Mollusc AnatomyGeneralizedMollusc Anatomy
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- 18. Shell Structure &FormationShell Structure & Formation
- 19. A Pearl Amongthe SwineA Pearl Among the Swine
- 20. Mollusc Reproduction &DevelopmentMollusc Reproduction & Development Indirect developmentIndirect development Larval stagesLarval stages Trochophore larvaTrochophore larva Free swimming, ciliated, shell formation beginsFree swimming, ciliated, shell formation begins Veliger larvaVeliger larva Free swimming, ciliated velium forms,Free swimming, ciliated velium forms, Shell/body torsion occursShell/body torsion occurs SpatSpat Metamorphic form between veliger and juvenileMetamorphic form between veliger and juvenile Shell elaboratesShell elaborates
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- 22. Gastropod Veliger LarvaGastropodVeliger Larva Velia Mouth Shell
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- 26. Class Polyplacophora -chitonsClass Polyplacophora - chitons
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- 29. Class Gastropoda -TorsionClass Gastropoda - Torsion
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- 32. Generalized Gastropod AnatomyGeneralizedGastropod Anatomy
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- 34. Marine GastropodsMarine Gastropods SeaHare – Aplysia sp
- 35. Marine Gastropods -NudibranchMarine Gastropods - Nudibranch
- 36. Terrestrial GastropodsTerrestrial Gastropods -Pulmonata- Pulmonata The mantle cavity servesThe mantle cavity serves as a “lung”as a “lung” Glandular epidermisGlandular epidermis Secrete mucus (slime)Secrete mucus (slime) upon which gastropodupon which gastropod glidesglides
- 37. Terrestrial Gastropod -TerrestrialGastropod - PulmonataPulmonata Slugs lackSlugs lack shellsshells Mantle thickenedMantle thickened PneumostomePneumostome Air intake into mantle cavityAir intake into mantle cavity PneumostomePneumostome
- 38. Phylum Mollusca, ClassBilvaliaPhylum Mollusca, Class Bilvalia Two shellsTwo shells Incurrent & excurrent siphonsIncurrent & excurrent siphons No cephalizationNo cephalization
- 39. Generalized Bivalve AnatomyGeneralizedBivalve Anatomy
- 40. Generalized Bivalve AnatomyGeneralizedBivalve Anatomy (XS)(XS)
- 41. Bivalve Anatomy (Sagittal)BivalveAnatomy (Sagittal)
- 42. Bivalves are TypicallyFilter FeedersBivalves are Typically Filter Feeders
- 43. Bivalve Life CycleBivalveLife Cycle
- 44. Glochidia – UniqueLarval Stage ofGlochidia – Unique Larval Stage of Freshwater BivalvesFreshwater Bivalves Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization Early development in broodEarly development in brood chamber (region of mantlechamber (region of mantle cavity)cavity) Release of glochidia veligerRelease of glochidia veliger larvaelarvae Glochidia attach to gills ofGlochidia attach to gills of fish and are distributedfish and are distributed
- 45. Phylum Mollusca, ClassCephalopodaPhylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda Closed circulatory systemClosed circulatory system Shell: lost in Octopus, extremely reduced andShell: lost in Octopus, extremely reduced and enclosed in mantle in squid, planar spiral inenclosed in mantle in squid, planar spiral in NautilusNautilus CephalizationCephalization eyeeye Beak aroundBeak around mouthmouth Tentacles/armsTentacles/arms
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- 47. Squid are thelargestSquid are the largest CephalopodsCephalopods
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- 51. Direct Development inCephalopodsDirect Development in Cephalopods
- 52. Color & MorphologyChanges forColor & Morphology Changes for CamouflageCamouflage
Editor's Notes
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