The document discusses production systems and methods for calculating standard times. It introduces key concepts like production systems, Just-in-Time (JIT), seven types of waste, 5S, bills of material (BOM), operation process charts (OPC) and standard time. Standard time can be calculated directly using a stopwatch or indirectly using standard time data tables, curves or formulas based on historical direct measurements. Direct calculation involves uniformity and sufficiency tests while indirect uses motion time data from developed tables.

1. MODULE 1
Process Planning and Standard
Time Calculation

2. Production System
Production system is a set of interacting
subsystems with the purpose of
transforming production inputs into
production outputs.

3. Production System

4. Production System Parameter
• Production
• Productivity
• Efficiency
• Effectiveness
• Utilitie
• Quality
• Capacity

5. MRP II (Manufacturing Resource Planning)

6. Relationship Between MRP and
MRP II

7. Just In Time (JIT)
• Just In Time is a production system or a modern
fabrication management system developed by
Japanese – American named Taichi Ohno of
Toyota motor vehicles companies.
• JIT is a concept in which the raw materials used
for production activity brought from the supplier of
the material was right on time needed by the
production process, so it will greatly save even
eliminate the cost of inventory.
• The tool that is used in the JIT called Kanban

8. Kanban
• JIT production system using a flow of
information in the form of a Kanban card-shaped
or other equipment such as flags, lights, and
others

9. 7 types of waste
• Over production
• Waiting
• Transporting
• Unnecessary process
• Inventory
• Unnecessary movement
• Rejection

10. 5 S

11. Bill Of Material (BOM)
• BOM (Bill of Material) is a list of the number of
components, material and the ingredients

12. Operation Process Chart
• Operation Process Chart is a chart performs the
process of raw material into a product which the
operation steps and inspection belongs.

13. OPC
• The Benefit of OPC:
 To know the production costs and machine
To know raw material spent (efficiency
consideration in each step and inspection)
A tool for layout and facilities design.
 A tool to diagnose work method.
 A tool for work experience

14. OPC sign

15. Standard Time
• Standard time is the time needed by the
worker on average to do the assignment
without pressure in a workstation.
• Methods to calculating:
a. Directly
b. Indirectly

16. Directly Methods
a. Stopwatch
The steps are:
– Measure the initial time per activity
– Uniformity test
– Sufficiency test
– Standard time decision

17. Directly Methods using
Stopwatch
• Uniform Test
• Sufficiency test:
If N’>N, then need more data

18. Standard Time Calculation
pWsWn
N
Ws xi
)1( kWnWb
Calculate the cycle time (Ws)
Calculate the standard time(Wb)
Calculate the normal time (Wn)

19. Standard time calculation(notes)
= total measurements times
N = Number of measurements
P (adjustment factors) = 1+∑operator
performance level
k = allowance
xi

20. Indirectly Calculation
a. Standard Time Data
Standard time data is an indirectly time
measurement, by tables, curves and formulas
gained by direct measurement. It is about the
historical data of time needed. In addition, the
standard time is known
a. Motion Time Data
It is different with company’s standard time which
has been developed. Motion time data uses
developed table by some institute