This document provides information about ochre pigments, including their composition, origin, uses, and production. It discusses how ochres form from the weathering of iron-containing rocks and minerals. Ochres are mixtures of iron oxides and clay that produce yellowish to reddish brown colors. They have been widely used as pigments since prehistoric times. Today, major ochre deposits are located in India, Russia, Karnataka, and Rajasthan. Ochre pigments are utilized in paints, construction materials, and other industrial applications.
SUPERGENE ENRICHMENT; Definition; Zones; Morphology of Zoning; Oxidized zone ; Supergene zone ; Gossans and Cappings; Chemical Changes Involved; Electrowinning; Formation of Copper Oxides
And now for something very different:
Evidence that banded iron formations formed very rapidly
and a proposed YE correlation.
Enjoy the food for thought in this extraordinary period we are all experiencing!
MANGANESE ORE DEPOSITS, Sedimentary Manganese Deposits, Types of Sedimentary Manganese, Classification, Manganese Nodules, EGYPTIAN MANGANESE ORE DEPOSITS , IRON ORE DEPOSITS, Cycle of Iron , Ironstone (Sedimentary iron) Ore Deposits, Bog Iron Ore Deposits, Principal iron-bearing minerals, Geochemical stability of iron-rich minerals, World Resources Iron Deposit, EGYPTIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS, Iron ore deposit of sedimentary nature, Sinai: Gabal Halal iron ore deposit, Aswan iron Ore Deposits, Bahariya iron Ore Deposits
SUPERGENE ENRICHMENT; Definition; Zones; Morphology of Zoning; Oxidized zone ; Supergene zone ; Gossans and Cappings; Chemical Changes Involved; Electrowinning; Formation of Copper Oxides
And now for something very different:
Evidence that banded iron formations formed very rapidly
and a proposed YE correlation.
Enjoy the food for thought in this extraordinary period we are all experiencing!
MANGANESE ORE DEPOSITS, Sedimentary Manganese Deposits, Types of Sedimentary Manganese, Classification, Manganese Nodules, EGYPTIAN MANGANESE ORE DEPOSITS , IRON ORE DEPOSITS, Cycle of Iron , Ironstone (Sedimentary iron) Ore Deposits, Bog Iron Ore Deposits, Principal iron-bearing minerals, Geochemical stability of iron-rich minerals, World Resources Iron Deposit, EGYPTIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS, Iron ore deposit of sedimentary nature, Sinai: Gabal Halal iron ore deposit, Aswan iron Ore Deposits, Bahariya iron Ore Deposits
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means
Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone
The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents
Economically :
Massive Sulphide
It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold.
Chromite
Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks
These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite
Laterites (nickel and iron)
Asbestos
Talc
Magenesite
ophiolite sequence :
Sediments
Pillow Lavas
Dykes
Gabbros
Layered Gabbro
Layered Peridotite
Upper mantle
To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
Abundance of REEs in Earth’s Crust ; Classification of Rare Earth Elements; Geology of REEs; APPLICATIONS OF REES; Application OF REEs in Geological Studies; APPLICATION OF REE TO PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; REE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SUPPLY AND DEMAND; Large and Giant Sized Deposits of the Rare Earth Elements
i hope dis helps you guys to make ur ppt's
basically I am just giving you all ideas, you can be as creative as you want when you make them.
if any comments or suggestions please let me know
thank you
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means
Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone
The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents
Economically :
Massive Sulphide
It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold.
Chromite
Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks
These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite
Laterites (nickel and iron)
Asbestos
Talc
Magenesite
ophiolite sequence :
Sediments
Pillow Lavas
Dykes
Gabbros
Layered Gabbro
Layered Peridotite
Upper mantle
To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
To review the geology of rare earth elements.
To discuss the various applications of rare earth elements in geological studies.
Abundance of REEs in Earth’s Crust ; Classification of Rare Earth Elements; Geology of REEs; APPLICATIONS OF REES; Application OF REEs in Geological Studies; APPLICATION OF REE TO PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; REE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SUPPLY AND DEMAND; Large and Giant Sized Deposits of the Rare Earth Elements
i hope dis helps you guys to make ur ppt's
basically I am just giving you all ideas, you can be as creative as you want when you make them.
if any comments or suggestions please let me know
thank you
Vernacular architecture can be defined as a type of local or regional construction, using traditional materials and resources from the area where the building is located. Consequently, this architecture is closely related to its context and is aware of the specific geographic features and cultural aspects of its surroundings, being strongly influenced by them. For this reason, they are unique to different places in the world, becoming even a means of reaffirming an identity.
Organic binders:
Organic binders are combustible and are destroyed by heat. Hence they contribute a degree of collapsibility to the core and mould sand mixture. The commonly used organic binders are core oil (0.5 to 3 %), cereal (0.5 to 2 %), resins, plastics, pitch, dextrin, molasses, rosin, lignin, casein, gelatin, wood flour etc.
Inorganic binders:
Inorganic binders are not combustible and may have considerable strength at high temperatures, resistance to erosion and relatively non-collapsables depending on their nature. The commonly used inorganic binders in core and mould making are Fire clay (< 2 %), bentonites (0.5 to 2 %), silica flour (< 30 %), iron oxide, sodium silicate etc.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
3. INTRODUCTION
• The mineral pigments may be either natural or manufactured.
• Mineral pigments are utilized direclty as paints or to give
color, body or capacity to paints, stucco, plaster, cement,
rubber, plastics or other materials.
• Ochres are mixture of hematite,limonite and clay with 15 to
80 percent iron oxide, and provided yellowish and reddish
brown colours.
4. PIGMENTS
• Mineral pigments are mineral derived powders added for the
sole purpose of giving color.
Pigments for sale at a market stall in Goa, India.
5. Natural mineral pigments
• It contain as their essential color constituents either limonite,
hematite with or without mixtures of clay and manganese
oxides.
• They form ochre, umbers, and siennas.
• Most of these were used by early man for decoration and
drawings and were extensively employed in America in
colonial days.
• Their chief use is for painting steel and iron works.
• The various colors and their brilliancy depend upon the
proportions of the essential constituents.
• These natural mixtures are called Ochres.
6. Manufactured pigments
• Iron oxide red and brown pigments are made by roasting
ochres, umbers and siennas and also iron ore and copper ore.
• Various shades of red, yellow, brown and black are made
from iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate or ferric chloride.
• Carbon black, for black paints and ink, is made by flaming
natural gas upon cold steel plates.
• Most chemical paints are made from lead, zinc, titanium,
barium, chromium and carbon.
7. Metal Color Compound Used
•Chromium Chrome green Chromic oxide
Chrome yellow Lead chromite
•Cadmium Cadmium red Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium yellow Cadmium sulfide
•Cobalt Cobalt blue Cobalt oxide and silicate
•Mercury Vermilion Mercuric sulfide
•Calcium Venetian red Iron oxide
•Carbon Carbon black Natural gas soot
Black Natural graphite
8. OCHRE
• Ochre is principally hydrated iron-oxide, and its pigmentary
quality is mainly due to the presence of iron-oxides.
• Hydrated iron-oxides yield yellow colour and anhydrous red.
A mixture of ferrous and ferric oxides imparts mainly brown
besides other shades.
• The quality and value of ochre are judged by its staining
power, brilliance and fine texture.
• Umber is a brown ochre with 11 to 25 percent manganese
oxide and more of limonite
9. Cont.……….
• Ochre is generally confined to deep weathered zones and
occur in lenses and pockets.
• In areas covered over by deccan traps,between individual
flows are usually found clay beds of rich red colour called red
bole.
• These are weathered indurated beds of ash and constitute
some type of an ochre.
10. The cave paintings of Lascaux and elsewhere are impressive for their
artistry, but prehistoric humans needed paint to make them. The red
in the paintings comes from Red Ochre (Hematite). People have not
only decorated caves, but their own bodies, with body paint. They
used Red Ochre and Yellow Ochre (Limonite), and charcoal from their
fires
11. Lapis Lazuli has always been highly prized for
its vivid blue. It was called ultra-marine. It was
used by medieval artists for the Virgin Mary's
blue cloak. It was very expensive, as then it
only came from Afghanistan.
12. MODE OF OCCURRENCE AND ORIGIN
• Ochres occur as an alteration product of either iron minerals
or by degradation of highly ferruginous rocks in the form of
weathered residual concentrations.
• They are largely ferric hydroxide mixed with clay and other
impurities.
• The above rock and mineral succumb to mechanical
disintegration and chemical decomposition.
• The minerals that are unstable under weathering condition
suffer chemical decay, the soluble parts like silica, may be
removed and the insoluble residues, mainly iron-oxides and
other impurities, may accumulate in the form of ochre.
13. USES
• The principal use of ochre is as tinting colours.
• It is used for colour washes, distemper and oil paints. It is also
used in making coloured paper.
• For this particular use ochre and china-clay or soapstone,
after dissolving in water in paste form, are screened and
added in the beater for the preparation of coloured paper
pulp.
• Red oxide pigments are widely used as primers for painting
structural steel, automobile bodies, ship bottoms, etc.
14. Titian used the historic pigment Vermilion to create the
reds in the great fresco of Assunta,
15. DISTRIBUTION
• Red ochre are chiefly found in Gujarat, Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
• Yellow ochre in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
• Jaitwara area in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh is the well
known area for yellow ochre.
• Red oxide mined in Bellary-Hospet area, Karnataka is also
marketed as ochre.
16. DISTRIBUTION OF IMPORTANT OCHRE DEPOSIT
• KARNATAKA: Bellary, Bidar, Chitradurga, Kolar .
• ANDHRA PRADESH: Cuddapah, Guntur.
• GUJARAT: Rajpur, kuchch.
• BIHAR: Singhbhum.
• MADHYA PRADESH: Gwalior, Jabalpur.
• MAHARASHTRA: Nagpur.
• RAJASTHAN: Udaipur, Alwar.
• UTTAR PRADESH: Banda
• WEST BENGAL: Mednipur
17. Bellary
Red oxide of deep red colour is found in association
with iron ore in parts of Sandur and Bellary district.
Badar
Beds of red ochre ranging in thickness from 2to3 occur
near the villages of Susi and Aurab, 16 km west of Bidar
town.
Chitradurga
Yellow and red ochre, mainly associated with iron ore
are found in many parts of Chitradurga district.
18. PRODUCTION
• The production of ochres for the years 1990-91, 1991-92 and
1992-93 were about 167 thousands, 191 thousand and 218
thousand tonnes, respectively.
• Rajasthan contributing over 74% to the production in 1992-
93, coninued to be the leading producer, followed by
Madhya Pradesh 15% and Karnataka 6%.
• Remaining 5% is shared by Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
and Bihar.
19. Other mineral pigments
• In India, as in other lands, BARITE is one of the most widely
used mineral in the paint trade.
• Powdered barites states the paint federation of india,
possesses a specific gravity and transparency which render it
ideal to use as a haze for the lake pigments.
• The pure powdered barites is snow-white in colour.
20. CONCLUSION
• Ochre is among the most permanent colors among the artist's
palette. It is compatible with all other pigments, and can be
used with good results in all mediums.
• The Industrial Revolution and Scientific Revolution gave birth
to a wide range of synthetic colour pigments. These are
pigments that were refined or manufactured from natural
materials. The synthetic pigments are used both for artistic
and manufacturing applications.
• In the 20th century, the organic pigment Phthalo Blue, which
has overwhelming tinting power, was added to the expanding
range of blue colour pigments.
21. REFERENCE
2000, Umeshwar Prasad ,Economic Geology,CBS
Publishers,pp-279-281.
1988,B.P Radhakrishna, Mineral resources of Karnataka, pp-
413-416.
1925,Meadl.Jensen& Alan M.Bateman, Economic Mineral
Deposits , pp-518-519
Websites:
i)www.wikipedia.com