Copper is an important metal that has been used for over 10,000 years. It has many important uses such as in construction, electronics, transportation and machinery. Copper is highly conductive and does not corrode easily. The global demand for copper is increasing due to growth in emerging economies but new copper mines are difficult to develop due to challenges such as high costs, environmental opposition and political instability. Copper recycling helps offset this demand and supply imbalance but not completely.

1. By Group No. 5
Class X

2. What is copperore ?
• The copper ore is one of the ancient metal that
human beings have discovered. About 3000 years
ago, Human beings began to use copper. We can
divide the copper into 3 kinds: native copper,
oxygen copper ore, and copper sulphide.
• There are little storage of native copper and
oxygen copper ore in the world. Nowadays 80%
of copper is refined from copper sulphide.
• The copper content of this kind of ore is
extremely low. It is about 2%to3%. The symbol
of element is CU. atomic weight is 63.54.specifice
gravity is 8.92,and the melting point is 1083Co.

3. History of copper
• Copper is one of the oldest metals of
mankind. It’s history traces back over 10,000
years.
• It was mined mainly in Cyprus in the
Mediterranean in the Ancient times.
• The Bronze age was named after the well
known copper alloy.
• Copper was the first metal to be mined and
crafted by man. It was used for tools,
weapons, art objects and ornaments.

4. • Copper was associated with the goddess
Aphrodite/Venus due to it’s beauty,
ancient use in producing mirrors and its
association with Cyprus which was sacred
to the goddess.
• Copper was used as early as
7000BC to make weapons and
5000BC to make jewellery and
ornaments due to it’s colour.

5. Properties of Copper
• Copper is a reddish coloured metallic
metal.
• It is the only other metal apart from
gold that has a distinctive natural
colour.
• It has a high electrical and thermal
conductivity. The only pure metal to
have higher electrical conductivity is
silver.
• It’s atomic number is 29.

6. • Copper has a charge of 2+ and
belongs to the transition metals.
• It is ductile.
• It is easily mixed with other metals to
form alloys such as bronze (copper
and tin) and brass (copper and zinc).
• It is one of the few metals to occur
naturally as an uncompounded
mineral.

7. The types and distribution of copperore.
The types of copper ore are various and
they are divided into the following types
according to the industrial types:
1.Porphyry ore
2.Rammell ore
3.Pyrite ore
4.Massive Sulphide ore

8. Porphyry ore
Porphyry type have large storage and low grade. However
we can mine the copper deposit ore with mechanization.
Distribution
Porphyry copper ore mostly distribute in circum-pacific belt,
including porphyry copper belt along with continental
margin of North America and tithes. Porphyry copper belt
include Hungry, Yugoslavia, Iran and so on. The belt also
distribute in Middle Asia-Mongolia.

9. Rammell ore
Rammell type of copper ore accounts for 30% of world
reserves .The characteristic of rammell type is that large
scale of mineral deposit and high state.
Distribution
This kind of copper deposit has a large distributing in the
world except the above-mentioned copper belt. It also
covers original Soviet Union, America. In recent years , we
can also find this kind of copper in Afghanistan and Brazil.

10. Pyrite ore
The pyrite type of copper ore refer to the mineral deposit
with large amount of pyrite and certain amount of copper,
lead, and zinc which affected by the volcano of seabed.
This kind of mineral deposit is also called massive sulphide
mineral deposit in the west.
Distribution
Now there are al least 420 types of this kind of mineral
deposit. Canada, America, original Soviet Union, Spain,
Portugal, Cyprus, South Africa, and Japan are important
producing area of this kind of mineral deposit.

11. Massive sulphide ore
This kind of modern mineral deposit was discovered at the
first time around north latitude 21degree in east of pacific
ocean in 1978. Although the state of copper and zinc is
very good, we find a metal massive sulphide mineral
deposit with 25 million, which is 970 meter long, 200
meters width, 35 meters high.
Distribution
This kind of mineral deposit distribute in Canada, America,
original Soviet Union, Australia, Finland and China

12. Reserves in India
Rajasthan has the largest deposits of copper-ore followed
by Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand. In the production of
copper-ore, however, Madhya Pradesh stands first, followed
by Rajasthan and Jharkhand:
1. Madhya Pradesh: The state of Madhya Pradesh is the largest
producer of copper in India. The state has a large deposit of
copper in Taregaon in Malanjkhand belt of Balaghat District.
2. Rajasthan: Copper is found at Khetri-Singhana belt in
Jhunjhunu District. It is also mined in Ajmer, Alwar, Bhilwara,
Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Jaipur, Pali, Sikar, and Sirohi districts.
3. Jharkhand: It is the third largest producer state of copper in
the country. Copper is mined in Hazaribagh, Santhal Pargana
(Jharkhand), Gaya, and Palamu districts (Bihar).

13. Extraction of Copper
• Copper is extracted from Copper sulphide via heat.
This is the most traditional method of extraction. This
method of thermal decomposition uses a lot of energy
and releases toxic sulphur dioxide into the air.
Copper sulphide copper + sulphur dioxide
(CuS) (Cu) + (SO2)
heat
heat

14. When electricity is passed through the cell
copper is dissolved at the anode by
oxidation, Cu2+ ions go into the solution. At
the cathode, copper is deposited by
reduction. As copper ions move from the
anode to the cathode the anode gets
smaller as the cathode gets bigger.
This is called a redox reaction.

15. Today, copper ore comes from huge open-pit mines.
The Morenci mine, in southeastern Arizona, is expected to produce
approximately 225 million pounds of copper in 2014.

16. Uses of Copper
• Copper is very uncorrosive so doesn’t
rust easily. However, when it does
rust, copper turns a blue-green
colour. The statue of liberty is made
out of copper.
• Copper is also used for
water pipes due to the
fact that it doesn’t corrode
easily.

17. • Copper is also used in currency. In
1908 – 1992, the American penny
was 95% copper.
• It is also used in computer chips,
integrated circuit boards and printed
circuit boards.

18. • The two radioactive isotopes of
copper are used in health care.
• Copper-64 is used to study brain
function.
• Copper-67 is used in cancer
treatment by injecting the isotopes
into the patient. They then give off
radiation that can kill the cancer cells.

21. Marketing of Copper
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22. Importance of copper
Construction
Copper and its alloys are used for plumbing, taps, valves, fittings,
façades, canopies, roofing, doors and window frames.
Electronic Parts &
Communications
An essential component of energy efficient generators, motors,
transformers, power cables, renewable energy production systems,
domestic subscriber lines, wide and local area networks, mobile
phones and personal computers.
Transportation
All major forms of transportation depend on copper to perform critical
functions including boats; electric and hybrid vehicles; new
generation airplanes and trains.
Machinery and
Equipment
Copper alloys are used for gears, bearings, turbine blades, heat
exchange equipment, pressure vessels, vats, tanks, piping exposed to
seawater, propellers, oil platforms and coastal power stations.
General Products
Copper-based coins last 10, 20 and 50 times longer than paper bills.
Other products that use copper include computers, electrical
appliances, cookware, brassware, locks and keys.
Antimicrobial
Material
Copper inhibits the growth of harmful pathogens such as bacteria,
moulds, algae, fungi, and viruses. Doorknobs and plates exploit
copper's biostatic properties to help prevent the transfer of disease
and microbes
Copper is important because it is used in all of the following :

23. Why should we care about it ?
Copper is one of the most widely used metals on the planet
and has been for over 10,000 years. There are virtually zero
substitutes for copper in its many applications and it has
become indispensable in modern society.
Copper can acquire new characteristics when alloyed with
other metals, such as zinc (brass), aluminum or tin (bronzes)
or nickel, for use in highly specialized applications. It can be
shaped, molded and bent into various forms including sheets
and wire which are used in a variety of applications. Copper
is one of the most recycled of all metals making it a highly
sustainable metal of choice.

24. The global demand for copper continues to grow from emerging
economies. Both India and China are rapidly urbanizing by
improving infrastructure and upgrading power grids as well as
building more homes, automobiles, and appliances. Insufficient
copper is being found, developed and mined to meet the current
projections of 4% growth a year in global demand. The supply of
copper from mining companies continues to lag behind usage and
the shortfall is being offset by secondary supplies and recycled
scrap. The world uses more copper each year that the Bingham
Canyon (world’s largest copper mine) has produced in 150 years of
operation.
Large mines are hard to find and increasingly expensive to develop.
Political instability, bureaucracy, environmental opposition and
permitting have all lengthened leads times to development and
production.