Iron ore is a rock or mineral from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The main iron ores are hematite and magnetite. India has large reserves of good quality iron ore, which is the basic raw material for the iron and steel industry and plays an important role in the country's development. The major iron ore deposits in India are located in the states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra. India produced around 83 million tons of iron ore in 2001-2002 from 215 mines across these states.
Gold is a transitional metal. In its purest form have reddish yellow color, soft, malleable, and ductile metal.
Atomic number : 79
Atomic mass : 196.9 u
Density : 19.32 g/cm3
Melting point : 1,064 °C
Boiling point : 2,700 °C
Founded in different form associated with different rock type in different tectonic setting.
Discovered from earlier time and used for multi purposes.
Formation of gold
The saying among prospectors that "gold is where you find it" suggests its occurrence is unpredictable, but there is some certain geological environments for the formation.
Because gold is very stable over a range of conditions, it is very widespread in the earth’s crust.
Gold dissolved in warm to hot salty water, the fluids are generated in huge volumes deep in the Earth’s crust as water-bearing minerals dehydrate during metamorphism.
Any gold present in the rocks being heated and squeezed is sweated out and goes into solution as complex ions.
In this form, dissolved gold, along with other elements such as silicon, iron and sulphur, migrates wherever fractures in the rocks allow the fluids to pass.
The direction is generally upwards, to cooler regions at lower pressures nearer the Earth’s surface.
Gold eventually becomes insoluble and begins to crystallize, most often enveloped by quartz.
The association of gold and quartz vein forms one of the most common types of "primary gold deposits".
India
In India, gold mineralization of economic importance is mainly restricted to Archean greenstone terranes of the Dharwar Craton (DC).
The eastern block of the DC has a high favorability for hosting major gold deposits such as Kolar, Hutti, and Ramagiri, whereas the western block hosts only a few smaller deposits such as Gadag, Ajjahanahalli, and Kempinkote.
Gold also discoverrd by GSI in the Singbhum Craton, Aravalli Craton, Bastar Craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT).
India is the second-largest consumer of gold after China.
India currently holds about 558 tones of gold, representing 6.6% of its reserves, (World Gold Council, October 2016).
Kolar Gold Field, Hutti Gold Field and Ramgiri Gold Field are the most important gold fields.
Gold Demand and Use
The largest source of demand is the jewelry industry Gold’s workability, unique beauty, and universal appeal make this rare precious metal the favorite of jewelers all over the world.
Besides jewelry, gold has many applications in a variety of industries including aerospace, medicine, dentistry, and electronics for the manufacture of computers, telephones, televisions...
The third source of gold demand is governments and central banks that buy gold to increase their official reserves.
Private investors there are private investors. Depending upon market circumstances, the investment component of demand can vary substantially from year to year.
How can minerals deposits be formed; GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES; Ore Fluids; Ore Forming Processes; Concentrating Processes; Magmatic mineral deposits; Residual mineral deposits ; Placer deposits; Sedimentary mineral deposits; Metamorhogenic mineral deposits; Hydrothermal mineral deposits ; Magmatic Deposits
Cumulate deposits: fractional crystallization processes can concentrate metals (Cr, Fe, PGE, Pt, Ni, Ti, Diamond ))
Pegmatites : late staged crystallization forms pegmatites and many residual elements are concentrated (Li, Ce, Be, Sn, U, Rare Earths (REE), Feldspar, Mica, Gems).
magmatic deposits; Mode of Formation of Magmatic Ores Deposits; Mode of Formation of Orthomagmatic Ores ; Fractional Crystallization (or Crystal fractionation ); Magmatic (or Liquid ) Immiscibility; Simple crystallization without concentration (Dissemination); Segregation of early formed crystals; (Layer Types); Injection of material concentrated elsewhere by differentiation Residual liquid segregation; Residual liquid injection; Immiscible liquid segregation; Immiscible-liquid-injection; Early magmatic deposit; Late magmatic deposit; Types of Magmatic Ore Deposits:Chromite; Fe-Ti (± V) oxides; Ni – Cu – Fe (± Pt) sulfides; Platinum Group Elements (PGEs); REE, and Zr in Carbonatites; Diamond in kimberlites.
What is mining?; Why do we need mines?; What is a mineral ?; What is an Ore Deposit? ; Concentrations of Metals; Metals enrichment factors ; Types of Ore Deposit ; GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF ORE DEPOSITS; Shape of ore deposits; Dip ore deposits ;Thickness ore deposits; Depth of ore deposits; Structure of ore deposits; Ore value and profitability of mining; Stability of ore rocks; Chemical and mineral characteristics of ores ; Lessening of ore deposit; Degree of breakability; Life Cycle of a Metal Resource; Mineral Supply and Demand; Conservation; Economic Impact on Mineral Supplies
Gold is a transitional metal. In its purest form have reddish yellow color, soft, malleable, and ductile metal.
Atomic number : 79
Atomic mass : 196.9 u
Density : 19.32 g/cm3
Melting point : 1,064 °C
Boiling point : 2,700 °C
Founded in different form associated with different rock type in different tectonic setting.
Discovered from earlier time and used for multi purposes.
Formation of gold
The saying among prospectors that "gold is where you find it" suggests its occurrence is unpredictable, but there is some certain geological environments for the formation.
Because gold is very stable over a range of conditions, it is very widespread in the earth’s crust.
Gold dissolved in warm to hot salty water, the fluids are generated in huge volumes deep in the Earth’s crust as water-bearing minerals dehydrate during metamorphism.
Any gold present in the rocks being heated and squeezed is sweated out and goes into solution as complex ions.
In this form, dissolved gold, along with other elements such as silicon, iron and sulphur, migrates wherever fractures in the rocks allow the fluids to pass.
The direction is generally upwards, to cooler regions at lower pressures nearer the Earth’s surface.
Gold eventually becomes insoluble and begins to crystallize, most often enveloped by quartz.
The association of gold and quartz vein forms one of the most common types of "primary gold deposits".
India
In India, gold mineralization of economic importance is mainly restricted to Archean greenstone terranes of the Dharwar Craton (DC).
The eastern block of the DC has a high favorability for hosting major gold deposits such as Kolar, Hutti, and Ramagiri, whereas the western block hosts only a few smaller deposits such as Gadag, Ajjahanahalli, and Kempinkote.
Gold also discoverrd by GSI in the Singbhum Craton, Aravalli Craton, Bastar Craton and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT).
India is the second-largest consumer of gold after China.
India currently holds about 558 tones of gold, representing 6.6% of its reserves, (World Gold Council, October 2016).
Kolar Gold Field, Hutti Gold Field and Ramgiri Gold Field are the most important gold fields.
Gold Demand and Use
The largest source of demand is the jewelry industry Gold’s workability, unique beauty, and universal appeal make this rare precious metal the favorite of jewelers all over the world.
Besides jewelry, gold has many applications in a variety of industries including aerospace, medicine, dentistry, and electronics for the manufacture of computers, telephones, televisions...
The third source of gold demand is governments and central banks that buy gold to increase their official reserves.
Private investors there are private investors. Depending upon market circumstances, the investment component of demand can vary substantially from year to year.
How can minerals deposits be formed; GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES; Ore Fluids; Ore Forming Processes; Concentrating Processes; Magmatic mineral deposits; Residual mineral deposits ; Placer deposits; Sedimentary mineral deposits; Metamorhogenic mineral deposits; Hydrothermal mineral deposits ; Magmatic Deposits
Cumulate deposits: fractional crystallization processes can concentrate metals (Cr, Fe, PGE, Pt, Ni, Ti, Diamond ))
Pegmatites : late staged crystallization forms pegmatites and many residual elements are concentrated (Li, Ce, Be, Sn, U, Rare Earths (REE), Feldspar, Mica, Gems).
magmatic deposits; Mode of Formation of Magmatic Ores Deposits; Mode of Formation of Orthomagmatic Ores ; Fractional Crystallization (or Crystal fractionation ); Magmatic (or Liquid ) Immiscibility; Simple crystallization without concentration (Dissemination); Segregation of early formed crystals; (Layer Types); Injection of material concentrated elsewhere by differentiation Residual liquid segregation; Residual liquid injection; Immiscible liquid segregation; Immiscible-liquid-injection; Early magmatic deposit; Late magmatic deposit; Types of Magmatic Ore Deposits:Chromite; Fe-Ti (± V) oxides; Ni – Cu – Fe (± Pt) sulfides; Platinum Group Elements (PGEs); REE, and Zr in Carbonatites; Diamond in kimberlites.
What is mining?; Why do we need mines?; What is a mineral ?; What is an Ore Deposit? ; Concentrations of Metals; Metals enrichment factors ; Types of Ore Deposit ; GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF ORE DEPOSITS; Shape of ore deposits; Dip ore deposits ;Thickness ore deposits; Depth of ore deposits; Structure of ore deposits; Ore value and profitability of mining; Stability of ore rocks; Chemical and mineral characteristics of ores ; Lessening of ore deposit; Degree of breakability; Life Cycle of a Metal Resource; Mineral Supply and Demand; Conservation; Economic Impact on Mineral Supplies
Komattite
Named after the Komati River in South Africa.
first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa.
Mostly of komatiite are Archean age
distributed in the Archaean shield areas.
Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic.
In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium.
Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive.
Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada.
The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa.
Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites:
The name Spinifex refer to a spiky grass in Australian.
Geological sample preparation is a vital stage in the analytical process, given the highly variable nature of mineral samples. The purpose of sample preparation is the production of homogeneous sub-sample, representative of the material submitted to the laboratory.
Use & Distribution Of Iron Ores In IndiaEcoman India
You can get various types of iron ores from iron ores suppliers. It is surprising to know that iron ore is produced in countries abroad. You can also find iron ores in hilly areas.
Komattite
Named after the Komati River in South Africa.
first described by Morris and Richard (twins) for ultramafic units in the Barberton Greenstone belt of South Africa.
Mostly of komatiite are Archean age
distributed in the Archaean shield areas.
Also a few are Proterozoic and Phanerozoic.
In all ages komatiites are highly magnesium.
Mostly a volcanic rock; occasionally intrusive.
Mafic rocks were identified as extrusive because of their volcanic textures and structures, and they seem to have been accepted as a normal component of Archean volcanic successions, Abitibi in Canada.
The ultramafic rocks were interpreted as intrusive which are founded as sills and dykes, Barberton in South Africa.
Spinifex texture-typical of Komatiites:
The name Spinifex refer to a spiky grass in Australian.
Geological sample preparation is a vital stage in the analytical process, given the highly variable nature of mineral samples. The purpose of sample preparation is the production of homogeneous sub-sample, representative of the material submitted to the laboratory.
Use & Distribution Of Iron Ores In IndiaEcoman India
You can get various types of iron ores from iron ores suppliers. It is surprising to know that iron ore is produced in countries abroad. You can also find iron ores in hilly areas.
A Simple PPT that helps teachers share the lesson on Minerals and Energy Resources of NCERT a little better and more easily and effectively. Feedbacks are welcome
i hope dis helps you guys to make ur ppt's
basically I am just giving you all ideas, you can be as creative as you want when you make them.
if any comments or suggestions please let me know
thank you
Minerals & Energy Resources
What Is Minerals?Its type ? Rocks? sedimentary rocks, igenious rock, etc., energy Consevation , energy -conventional And Non Conventional , Coal , Minerals, petroleum , Electricity, Nuclear Energy , Atomic Energy, Geothermal Energy , Types oF coals, Location Of The minerals . Why Need to conserve Minerals ?Save Earth
Cbse NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER classifications of minerals conventional and non conventional energy resources
IRON ORE
By:
A. Nurul Rizwana
X - A
Table of contents
About Iron Ore
01
02
Magnetite
03
Hematite
04
Major iron ore belts in India
Introduction
Iron ore is a ferrous metallic mineral used for many industrial, commercial and household uses. Ferrous minerals account for about three fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals after meeting her internal demands.
Let’s get into bussiness
About Iron Ore
01
Did you know?
Iron makes up close to 5% of the Earth's crust.
It takes around 1.6 tons of iron ore to produce one ton of steel.
The world uses 20 times more iron (in the form of steel) than all other metals put together.
Our iron ore trains are over 2.5km, or 264 ore cars long! It can take up to half an hour to walk from one end to the other.
The ships we use to transport iron ore to our customers can carry around 47 Olympic-sized swimming pools worth of material.
The chemical symbol for iron is 'Fe'. This comes from its Latin name, Ferrum.
Iron Ore
Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development.
India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore. India is rich in good quality iron ores.
In 2018–19 almost entire production of iron ore (97%) accrued from Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Jharkhand. The remaining production (3%) was from other states.
Magnetite
02
Magnetite
Magnetite is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron up to 70 per cent.
It has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical industry.
Hematite
03
Hematite
Hematite ore is the most important industrial iron ore in terms of the quantity used.
Hematite was once used as mourning jewelry. A 1923 reference describes "hematite is sometimes used as settings in mourning jewelry."
It has a slightly lower iron content than magnetite(50-60 per cent).
The formula for hematite is 𝑭_(𝒆_𝟐 ) 𝑶_𝟑 and the chemical name is iron(III) oxide.
Major iron ore belts in India
04
Production of iron ore showing state-wise share in per cent, 2016-17
Odisha- Jharkhand belt
Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt
Ballari-Chitradurga-ChikkamagaluruTumakuru belt
Maharashtra-Goa belt
THANK YOU
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound,[1] usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin. A mineral has one specific chemical composition, whereas a rock can be an aggregate of different minerals or mineraloids. The study of minerals is called mineralogy...learn more through this..
Among the Subjects of Earth Sciences, Economic Geology deals with all the Mineral resources, mineral fuels, their distribution and their role for the economic development of a nation.
India has a good amount of all natural resources. Among the resources, minerals are the major contributors of the national economy. India is a country, much dependent on the available natural resources for its economy. This lesson is on the “ Mineral Resources in India”.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
2. • Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which
metallic iron can be economically extracted.
The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and
vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow,
deep purple, to rusty red.
• The iron itself is usually found in the form of
magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3),
goethite (FeO (OH)), limonite (FeO (OH).n
(H2O)) or siderite (FeCO3).
3. • If gold is king of metals, then iron is certainly
the chieftain or commander. It has retained
this position in almost all civilizations through
the recorded history.
• The two main ore of iron ore are: 1) Hematite
(Fe2O3), 2) Magnetite (Fe3O4).
5. –
• Iron ore plays important role in development
of country. Iron ore is the basic raw material of
iron and steel industry. India is endowed with
large reserves of good quality ore,.
• The economic ion ore minerals are
• Magnetite Fe3O4 (72.4%Fe)
• Hematite Fe2O3 (70.0 % Fe)
• Goethite (Foe (OH)), Limonite (Foe (OH).n
(H2O) (59.63 %Fe)
• Siderite FeCO3
8. • 1. Deposits associated with banded iron
formation (BIF) of Precambrian Age. These are
both hematite and magnetite deposits.
• 2. Sedimentary iron ore deposits comprising
siderite, limonite.
• 3. Lateritic iron ore of residual type derived from
iron bearing gneisses, schists, basic lavas etc.
• 4. Magnetite – apatite bearing iron ore deposits
of Singbhum copper belt Precambrian age. The
deposite are associated with diorites.
9. • The major deposits of hematite are in Jharkhand,
Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, and
Maharashtra. In Orissa, Bonai range of hills have
important iron ore deposits of Banspani, Barsua,
Kiriburu, Malangtoli etc. in Keonjhar and
Sundergarh districts..
• In Maharashtra, Surjagarh deposits are in
Gadchiroli distict. In Goa little inside the coastal
areas, important iron ore deposits are Bicholim,
Velguem, Surla, Pale, Codly and Costi; mostly in
north and central Goa.
10. • India produced about 83.36 million tonnes of iron
ore in 2001-2002, from 215 mines.
• Production is coming from large open cast mines,
most of which either captive to steel plant or have
export commitments.
• 5 mines in Chhattisgarh, 3 mines in Jharkhand, 2
each in Orissa
• Some of major iron ore producing mines are Kiriburu,
Basua, Gua, Nuamundly and Daitari in Jharkhand
Orrissa sector, Bailadila and Dalhi Rajhara in
Chhattisgarh, Dominalai and Kudremukh in Karnataka
11. :
• Iron ore is consumed mostly in iron and steel
industry and it is exported. It is use in making
pig iron, sponge iron and steel.
• It is also used in coal washeries, ferro-alloys,
foundry, cement and chemical industries,
glass, refractory, vanaspati, etc.
