Group 5 presented on the properties of paints and their composition. Their presentation covered the key components of paint including the body, vehicle, pigment, thinner, and dryers. They discussed various types of paints and how they are formulated. They also showed an example of a well-decorated bedroom using different paints.

2. Group 5
1. Raza Hussain
2. Ram Chand
3. Syed Ishfaq Ahmad
4. Khizer Arshad
5. Abdullah
Civil Engineering
Materials

3. Presentation
Presented To
>> Dr. Khan Shahzada
>>
UET
Peshawar

4. Raza Hussain & Abdullah

6. Properties of paints
There are of a number ways to judge paint quality:
Wearability
Covering ability
Ease of cleaning
Protection of the substrate
Environmentally friendly
Practical and cost effective

7. A well decorated bedroom
with paints

8. Composition Of Paints
• Fundamental components of an oil-based paint are
• Body
• Vehicle
• Pigment
• Thinner
• Dryer

9. Body
• Makes the paint film harder and more resistant to
abrasion.
• Reduces shrinkage cracks on drying
• In white paint > > body is also the pigment
• Commonly used bases (body) areWhite lead, Zinc
oxide, Iron oxide, Metallic powder such as Al, Cu, Br.
• Paints more often named the base as lead paint, zinc
paint and aluminium paint

10. • The Binder or resin, is the actual film
forming component of paint.
•It impacts adhesion, binds the pigments
together and strongly influences such
properties as gloss potential, exterior
durability, flexibility and toughness.

11. Vehicle
• Oily liquid in which the body and pigment are
soluble.
• Facilities the paint to be conveniently spread over the
surface.
• Oils most commonly used as vehicle.

12. Cont…
• The main purpose of the vehicle is to adjust the
viscosity of the paint.
• It is volatile and does not become part of the paint
film.
• It’s main function is as the carrier for the non volatile
components.
• Water is the main vehicle for water based paints.

13. Pigments
• Pigments are materials which gives the paint its
colour. In white paint the body is the pigment. Natural
pigments (natural iron oxides). Synthetic pigments
(phthalocynines > > coal tar derivatives).
• Pigments imparts qualities such as color and opacity
(sometimes inappropriately called ‘hiding’), and
influences properties such as gloss, film flow and
protective abilities

15. Thinner
• Liquid thinner is added in the paint to
• Increases fluidity
• Making paint more smooth
• Help penetration into porous surfaces

16. Dryers
• Added to quicken the drying of vehicle.
• Organic salts of iron, zinc, lead,, manganese Ca
• To accelerate the oxidation and hardening of vehicle.

22. Ram Chand

23. Bitumen
• Bitumen is an oil based
substance. It is a semi-solid
hydrocarbon product produced by
removing the lighter fractions
(such as liquid petroleum gas,
petrol and diesel) from heavy
crude oil during the refining
process.

24. Bitumen
• The most common materials
within the family of bitumen are
tars, pitch and asphalt.
• These materials are used in damp
proofing buildings, roofs and
basements, painting timber and
steel and for construction of
roads.

26. Bitumen
• Bitumens are engineering materials produced
• by the distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining
and exist in numerous forms and types.
• Bitumens are dark viscous liquids or semi-solids that are
non-volatile at ambient temperatures and soften
gradually when heated

27. Bitumen

28. Cont…
• Tar, bitumen and asphalt forms group of interrelated
materials widely used in the field of civil engineering in
damp proofing buildings, water proofing roofs, water
proofing basements, painting timber, and steel and for
constructing metalled roads.

29. Tar
• Coal tar is a brown or dark black liquid of high viscosity,
which smells of aromatic hydrocarbons (sweet-smelling).
• Being flammable, coal tar is sometime used for heating or
to fire boilers.
• It can be used in coal tar soap and is used in medicated
shampoo to kill and repel parasites and as a treatment for
dandruff.

30. CoalTar
• Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal
to make coke(fuel).
• Gaseous by-product of this process is commonly known
as town gas.
• It is used for coating of sleepers and woolen poles

31. WoodTar:
• It is obtained by the distillation (refining) of resinous
wood.Wood tar contains creosote and as such has strong
preservative (additives, Stabilizers) properties.

32. MineralTar:
• It is obtained by the distillation of bituminous shale.
• Pitch is the name for any of a number of viscoelastic, solid
polymers. Pitch can be made from petroleum products or
plants
• COALTAR PITCH:
• It is the residue of the direct distillation of crude tar produced
by the high temperature carbonization of coal.
• It is used as a water proofing compound in masonry, steel and
timber structure. It is also used for water proofing concrete
structures.

33. CoalTar Pitch

34. Properties of Bitumen
• 1) Adhesion:
• Bitumen has the ability to adhere to a solid surface in a fluid state
depending on the nature of the surface.The presence of water on the
surface will prevent adhesion.
• 2) Resistance to water:
• Bitumen is water resistant.
• 3) Hardness:
• To measure the hardness of bitumen, the penetration test is conducted,
which measures the depth of penetration in tenths of mm. of a weighted
needle in bitumen after a given time, at a known temperature.

35. Cont…
• 4) Ductility:
• Ductility test is conducted to determine the amount of
bitumen that will stretch at temperature below its softening
point.
• Ductility values ranges from 0 to over 150 depending on the
type of bitumen. A briquette having a cross sectional area of 1
in2 is placed in a tester at
• 77 0F. Ductility values ranges from 0 to over 150 depending on
the type of bitumen.

36. Syed Ishfaq Ahmad

37. Asphalts
• Asphalts are dark brown or
black solids or semisolids
which are found in natural
state and are also produced by
the refining of petroleum.
• The largest use of asphalt is
for making road surfaces and
accounts for approximately
80% of the asphalt consumed.

38. Asphalt
• Asphalt is a substance that causes particles of
sand,gravel and crushed stone to stick together
to form a pavement

39. Asphalt stick with crush

41. Types of Asphalt
• There are three types of Asphalt
• Hot Asphalt
• Cutback Asphalt
• Emulsion Asphalt

42. Hot Asphalt
• Those asphalt which are softened by heat
• Hot asphalt can be use directly or it can be processed
further to produce a harder material.
• Hot asphalts have good resistance to the transmission of
water and water vapour

43. Hot Asphalt cont…
• Hot asphalt bond poorly to damp or wet surfaces, have
relatively poor flexibility , oxidize under the sun’s rays,and
are brittle at low temperature.

44. Cutback Asphalt
• Those asphalts which are dissolved in mineral solvents.
• Such asphalts have poor bonding power on wet surfaces
but some of them have damp bonding ability.
•

45. Emulsion Asphalt
• Those asphalts which are dispersed or suspended in a
water base.
• They have good bonding qualities ,even to damp or wet
surfaces.
• Undergo less deterioration(decay) from weather
exposure than other forms of asphalts

46. Types of Asphalts
• There are three main groups of asphalt
• Hot Asphalt: those softened by heat
• Cut back Asphalt: those dissolved in mineral solvent
• Emulsion Asphalt: those dispersed or suspended in a
water base.

47. Uses of Asphalt
• Its greatest use as in road construction, side walk, airports
runways etc.
• It can also be used in the manufacture of sealants,
acoustical coatings ,paints, floor tile, and mastic flooring.
• Also used for paving.
• Some Industrial uses are logyards, ports, landfill caps.

48. USES OF ASPHALTS
• For surfacing roads
• For flooring industrial buildings
• In railway platform
• As a filler in leaking joint
• Manufacturing of plastic and
Paints

49. Use of asphalt on road

50. Khizer Arshad

51. Varnish
• Varnish is a transparent, hard,
protective finish used to protect
the surface from corrosive effect
of the environment.
• Unlike paint they allow the
original surface to show, and
enhances it by adding a glossy
finish.

52. Types ofVarnishes
• Natural resin varnishes :-
• Obtained from natural resin of certain trees .They are useful for outside
works on walls.
Prepared by dissolving resin in oil heating mixture up to 500-600 C . Greater
the temp greater the gloss of varnish.
• Modified natural resin varnish :-
• Made from natural resin but altered by chemical reactions.
Prepared by heating common resin with glycerin to form a gum which is
considered as a body for varnish.These are less expansive then oleo resinous
varnishes.
• Synthetic resin varnishes :-
• Produced by plastic industry.These are chemically prepared .The chemicals
include nitrocellulose , amino resins and silicon.

53. Classification of Varnishes

54. Cont…
• SHORT-OILVARNISH
• Short-oil contain 5 to 12 gal of oil per 100 lbs of resin
• Dry rapidly ► form a hard film that withstand much
rough usage
• Polishing varnish belongs to this group