The document discusses paints and varnishes. It provides details on the typical composition of paint including pigments, resins, fillers, solvents and additives. It also describes the manufacturing process and advantages of painting. Different types of paints are outlined such as emulsion paint, cement paint, plastic paint, texture paint and acrylic paint. The document also discusses the characteristics of an ideal paint and some major paint companies. For varnishes, it covers the components, types including oil, spirit, turpentine and water varnishes as well as other types of varnishes.

1. PAINT AND VARNISHES
SUBMITTED BY:-
IQBAL AZAM
MOHAMMAD FAIZAN ANSARI

2. PAINT
THE FINAL FINISHING OF ALL SURFACES SUCH AS
WALLS, CELLING, WOODWORK, METALWORK, ETC CAN
BE DONE BY PAINT. IT IS APPLIED FOR PROTECTION &
DECORATION.

3. BASIC COMPOSITION OF PAINT

4. PRIME PIGMENT
• TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TIO2)
PROVIDES EXCELLENT HIDING POWER & WHITENESS.
AVAILABLE AS A SOLID(POWDER) OR LIQUID.
• ZINC OXIDE
RESISTS ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT
RESIST YELLOWING
• TITANIUM DIOXIDE IS THE WORLD’S PRIMARY
FOR PROVIDING WHITENESS, BRIGHTNESS, &
OPACITY.

5. RESINS
• BINDS OR GLUES INGREDIENTS (PIGMENT AND
ADDITIVES) OF PAINT TOGETHER.
• RESIN PROVIDES ADHESION TO THE
SUBSTRATES.
• RESIN PROVIDES DURABILITY & RESISTANCE
PROPERTIES:
UV RAYS RESISTANCE
MOISTURE RESISITANCE
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
STAIN RESISTANCE
FADE RESISTANCE
CHALK RESISITANCE

6. FILLERS
• FILLERS ARE A SPECIAL TYPE OF PIGMENT
THAT SERVE TO THICKEN THE FILM, SUPPORT
ITS STRUCTURE & SIMPLY INCREASE THE
VOLUME OF THE PAINT.
• FILLERS ARE USUALLY COMPRISED OF CHEAP
& INERT MATERIAL, SUCH AS TALC, LIME, CLAY
ETC.

7. SOLVENT
• THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE SOLVENT IS TO
ADJUST THE VISCOSITY OF THE PAINT.
• WATER IS THE MAIN VEHICLE FOR WATER BASED
PAINT.
• SOLVENT BASED PAINTS CAN HAVE VARIOUS
COMBINATION OF SOLVENT AS THE VEHICLE,
INCLUDING ALIPHATIC, ALCOHOLS ETC.
• THESE INCLUDE ORGANIC SOLVENT SUCH AS
PETROLEUM DISTILLATE, ESTERS, GLYCOL, AND
THE LIKE.

8. ADDITIVES
• ADDITIVES ARE MIXED IN VERY SMALL
AMOUNT AND YET GIVE A VERY
SINGNIFICIANT EFFECT ON THE PRODUCT.
• ADDITIVES ARE USED BECAUSE:
MODIFY SURFACE TENSION.
IMPROVE FLOW PROPERTIES.
IMPROVE THE FINISHED APPEARANCE.
IMPROVE PIGMENT STABILITY.
CONTROL FOAMING.
CONTROL SKINNING.

9. THE MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE
1. RAW MATERIAL: RESIN, PIGMENT AND ADDITIVE AGENTS
ARE GENERALLY MAJOR COMPONENTS OF PAINT.
2. MIXING: RESIN, PIGMENT AND SOLVENT ARE MIXED TO
PRODUCE AN EVEN MILL BASE.
3. MILLING: MILL BASE PRODUCED AT THE PRE -MIXING
PROCESS IS SENT TO THE DISPERSER TO FINELY DISPERSE
THE PIGMENT PARTICLES.
4. BLENDING: RESIN, ADDITIVE AGENTS AND SO ON ARE
ADDED TO THE MILL BASE, THE DISPERSION OF WHICH IS
COMPLETED. ALSO, THE COLOR PHASE IS ADJUSTED WITH
COLOR MATERIALS.
5. PACKING: FILTRATED PAINT IS PACKED INTO A CONTAINER.

10. ADVANTAGES OF PAINTING
• IT PROTECTS THE SURFACE FROM
WEATHERING EFFECT OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
• IT PREVENTS THE DECAY OF WOOD AND
CORROSION OF METAL.
• IT IS USED TO GIVE GOOD APPEARANCE TO
THE SURFACE. DECORATIVE EFFECT MAY BE
CREATED BY PAINTING AND SURFACE BECOME
HYGIENICALLY GOOD, CLEAN , COLORFUL AND
ATTRACTIVE.

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL
PAINT
• IT SHOULD POSSES THE GOOD SPREADING POWER I.E.
MAXIMUM AREA OF THE SURFACE SHOULD BE
COVERED BY MINIMUM QUANTITY OF PAINT.
• THE PAINT SHOULD BE FAIRLY CHEAP AND
ECONOMICAL.
• THE PAINT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT CAN BE EASILY
AND FAIRLY APPLIED ON THE SURFACE.
• THE PAINT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT DRIES IN
REASONABLE TIME AND NOT SO RAPIDLY.
• THE PAINT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT ITS COLOR IS
MAINTAINED FOR LONG TIME.

12. • THE PAINT SHOULD NOT BE AFFECTED BY THE
WEATHERING ACTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
• THE PAINT SHOULD POSSES ATTRACTIVE AND
PLEASING APPEARANCE.
• THE SURFACE COATED WITH PAINT SHOULD
NOT SHOW CRACKS WHEN THE PAINTS DRIES
• WHEN APPLIED ON THE SURFACE ,THE PAINT
SHOULD BE COATED WITH THIN FILM OF
UNIFORM NATURE.

13. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PAINT
METALLIC PAINT
• ALSO CALLED AS POLYCHROMATIC
• PAINT AVAILABLE IN MANY COLOUR
• RUST RESISTENCE, ANTI-CORROSION
• MODERN TECHNIQUE MAKE EASY TO REPAINT
• METALLIC PAINT IS EXPENSIVE
• CONSISTS BASE COAT WITH LACQUER, URETHANE

14. EMULSION PAINT
• MADE OF SYNTHETIC PARTICLES, PIGMENT, WATER
• LESS TOXIC, LESS HARMFUL TO HEALTH
• EASY TO APPLY AND DRY QUIKLY
• USE FOR WOOD, METAL , INTERIOR & EXTERNAL WALL ETC.
• AVAILABLE IN MANY VARIETIES SUCH AS
1. EGGSHELL
2. MATT
3. STAIN ETC.

15. CEMENT PAINT
• ECONOMICAL
• BETTER PERFORMANE FOR OUTDOOR PROTECTION AND DECORATION
• AVAILABLE IN VARIOUS COLOUR AND MATCH UP WITH ANY SHADE
• MAINTAINING GOOD LOOK FOR MANY YEAR DESPITE EXPOSURE TO
WROSE ENVIROMENTS
• NO CHANCE OF DRYING IT UP SINCE ITS AVAILABLE IN POWDER FORM
WHICH IS MIXED INTO WATER BEFORE APPLICATION.
• HAS MATT FINISH, AN INEXPENSIVE WAY TO COVER LARGE AREAS.

16. PLASTIC PAINT
• IT IS LESS TOXIC AS COMPARED TO OTHER PAINTS
• EASY TO APPLY & DRIES QUICKLY
• IT IS IDEAL PAINT FOR CEILING & WALL
• IT RETAIN FOR A LONG PERIOD
• SMOOTH EMULSION FINISH
• OFFERING THE BEST VALUE FOR YOUR MONEY

17. TEXTURE PAINT
• MADE FOR HOLDING TEXTURE DESIGN
• GOOD WALL DESIGNS AS COMPARE PLANE WALL
• UV, STAINING, CRACKING RESISTANCE
• ALSO USE FOR OLD PANELING, WALLS
• EFFECTS SUCH AS METALLIC & SAND

18. ACRYLIC PAINT
• INTRODUCED BY OTTO & ROHN IN 1950
• FAST DRYING PAINT
• NO STRONG CHEMICAL SMELL
• AVAILABLE IN MANY VARIETIES
• WATER-BASED PAINT

19. • ANTI CORROSIVE PAINT
• ASBESTOS PAINT
• BITUMINOUS PAINT
• BRONZE PAINT
• ALUMINIUM PAINT
• CELLULOSE PAINT
• CAASEIN PAINT
• GRAPHIC PAINT
• SILICATE PAINT
• LUMINOUS PAINT
• RUBBER PAINT
• AUTOMOTIVE PAINT
• EPOXY PAINT
• LATEX PAINT
• ENAMALE PAINT
• FIRE RESISTANCE PAINT

20. PAINTS COMPANY
•ASIAN PAINT
•AKZO NOBEL INDIA
•BERGER PAINTS
•BOMBAY PAINTS
•DEVE PAINTS
•JENSON &NICHOLSON
•SALIMAR PAINTS
•MYSORE PAINYS

21. VARNISHES
THE TERM VARNISH IS USED TI INDICATE THE SOLUTION OF RESINS OR
RESINOUS SUBSTANCE PREPARED EITHER IN ALCOHOL , OIL, OR TERPENTILE.
• IT BRITENCE THE APPEARANCE OF THE GRAIN IN WOOD.
• IT RENDERS BRILLIANCY TO THE PAINTED SURFACE
• IT PROTECTES PAINTED SURFACE FROM ATMOSPHERE ACTIONS.
• IT GIVES THE FINAL LOOK

22. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL
VARNISH
• IT SHOULD RENDER THE SURFACE GLOSSY.
• IT SHOULD DRY RAPIDLY & PRESENT A FINISHED SURFACE
WHICH IS UNIFORM IN NATURE & PLEASING IN APPEREANCE.
• THE COLOUR OF VARNISH SHOULD NOT FADE AWAY WHEN
THE SURFACE IS EXPOSED TO ATMOSPHERE ACTIONS.
• THE PROTECTING FILM DEVELOPED BY VARNISH SHOULD BE
TOUGH, HARD & DURABLE.
• IT SHOULD NOT SHRINK OR SHOW CRACKS AFTER DRYING.

23. COMPONENTS OF A VARNISH
• RESINS OR RESINOUS SUBSTANCE
RESINS THAT ARE USED IN VARNISHES INCLUDE AMBER, KAURI GUM, DAMMAR,
COPAL, ROSIN, SANDARAC, BALSAM & OTHERS.
• DRIER
THER ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRYING OILS, INCLUDING LINSEED
OIL, TUNG OIL WALNUT OIL. THESE CONTAIN HIGH LEVEL OF POLYUNSATURATED
FATTY ACIDS.
• SOLVENT
TRADITIONALLY, NATURAL TURPENTINE WAS USED AS THE THINNER OR
SOLVENT, BUT HAS BEEN REPLACED BY SEVERAL MINERAL BASED TURPENTINE
SUBSTITUTES SUCH AS WHITE SPIRIT OR “PAINT THINNER” ALSO KNOWN AS
“MINERAL SPIRIT.”

24. TYPES OF VARNISHES
• DEPENDS UPON THE SOLVENT, VARNISHES ARE CLASSIFIED
INTO FOUR CATEGORIES:
OIL VARNISHES:
1. LINSEED OIL IS USED AS SOLVENT IN THIS TYPE OF VARNISH.
2. IN IT A SMALL QUANTITY OF TURPENTILE IS ADDED.
3. OIL VARNISHES DRY SLOWLY, BUT THEY FORM HARD & DURABLE SURFACE.
4. IT IS SPECIALLY ADOPTED FOR EXPOSED WORK WHICH REQUIRED FREQUENT
CLEANING.
SPIRIT VARNISHES:
1. METHYLATED SPIRITS OF WINE ARE USED AS SOLVENT IN THIS TYPE OF VARNISH.
2. DRY QUIKLY
3. NOT DURABLE & EASILY EFFECTED BY WEATHERING ACTION.
4. GENERALLY USED FOR FURNITURE.

25. TERPENTINE VARNISHES
1. TERPENTINE IS USED AS SOLVENT IN THIS TYPE OF VARNISHES.
2. THESE VARNISHES DRY QUICKLY & POSSES LIGHT COLORS.
3. NOT DURABLE & TOUGH AS OIL VARNISHES.
WATER VARNISHES
1. SHELLAC IS DISSOLVED IN HOT WATER AND ENOUGH QUANTITY OF
EITHER AMMONIA OR BORAX OR POTASH OR SODA IS ADDED SUCH THAT
SHELLAC IS DISSOLVED.
2. MAINLYN USED FOR VARNISHING MAPS, PICTURES ETC.
3. ALSO USED FOR DELICATE INTERNAL WORK & AS A COVERING FOR WALL
PAPER.

26. OTHER TYPES OF VARNISHES:
• ISOLATION VARNISH
• RETOUCH VARNISH
• PICTURE VARNISH
1. REMOVAL VS PERMANENT
2. FLEXIBLE VS RIGID
3. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT VS HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT
4. NATURAL VS SYNTHETIC
• MASTIC
• DAMAR
• KETON
• HYDROGENATED HYDROCARBONS