Several anthropologist have stated that there were many Paleolithic diets, presumably questioning the meat/fat centric Paleo practice or the ancestral paradigm altogether. A review of recent findings relating to the reconstruction of Paleolithic diets from various scientific areas of enquiry will be presented and likely ratios of animal to plant sourced food will be discussed. It will be argued that despite the apparent variability in Paleolithic diets, valid practical dietary guidance can be gained from their study.
Multidisciplinary attempt to reconstruct human nutrition through the Paleolithic shows that a highly carnivorous (meat based) diet was not only prevalent but essential to the existence of our species for almost 2 million years.
Human Paleolithic diet was a Carnivorous diet. Like wolf, Homo was an omnivore but he was dependent on a highly carnivorous diet for his survival. Interdisciplinary evidence supports that hypothesis.
Multidisciplinary attempt to reconstruct human nutrition through the Paleolithic shows that a highly carnivorous (meat based) diet was not only prevalent but essential to the existence of our species for almost 2 million years.
Human Paleolithic diet was a Carnivorous diet. Like wolf, Homo was an omnivore but he was dependent on a highly carnivorous diet for his survival. Interdisciplinary evidence supports that hypothesis.
Food chain and Food Web
Food chain and food web in ecosystem
Food chain
Types of food chains
1. Grazing food chain
2. Detritus food chain
Food web
Significance of food chain and food web
Evolution in the news: Power point presentation (BIOL415) Spring 2014Kevin B Hugins
Mini presentation on current news stories for BIOL 415
This news article was about a journal article published in Nature Communications on April 15, 2014. The article is the result of research that was led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The purpose of the research was to study the co-evolution of humans and gut microbiota and examine adaptation that resulted in groups that had different diets. The primary group of interest was a hunter-gatherer group located in Tanzania known as Hadza. This is one of the few remaining true foraging populations in the world. The Hadza diet consists of baobab, game meat, honey, berries and tubers. Hadza do not consume any agricultural crops or livestock.
Dr. Andres Gomez - Microbiome studies in swine systems: challenges and opport...John Blue
Microbiome studies in swine systems: challenges and opportunities - Dr. Andres Gomez, from the 2018 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, 2018, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-leman-swine-conference-material
Sharks do not chew their food at all. Their teeth are designed primarily to capture or tear their prey. The food is stored in the stomach for a variable period of time usually three days (although a study of a tiger shark that died in captivity revealed that at the time of his death had on the inside of his stomach remains undigested 2 weeks). The stomach releases strong acid that breaks down food and passes into the intestine where all the nutrients are absorbed. What cannot be absorbed passes into the colon before being released to the ocean where they serve as food for plants and bacteria?
http://extremesharkfacts.com/
AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence Ancestral Health Society
The pancreatic hormone insulin regulates the trafficking and metabolism of carbohydrate and fat. Since insulin influences fatty acid flux in fat tissue, and manipulating insulin can influence body fatness, this has raised the possibility that insulin plays a role in common obesity. Two competing hypotheses propose that 1) elevated insulin is a compensatory response to insulin resistance that develops with fat gain, or 2) elevated insulin outpaces insulin resistance and favors fat gain. Each hypothesis appears to be supported by a large amount of evidence. This presentation will outline a framework capable of reconciling this seemingly conflicting evidence.
AHS13 Hamilton Stapell — The End of Paleo: Is the Ancestral Health Movement G...Ancestral Health Society
Hamilton's talk may be viewed at http://youtu.be/ArcSIg3cYcw
Complete abstracts along with presenter bios and photos, are available on our website:
http://www.ancestralhealth.org/post/2013-ancestral-health-symposium-ahs13
Abstract:
The current Ancestral Health movement is often thought to be on the verge of going mainstream. Many within the movement believe this would lead to positive health (and financial) outcomes for both individuals and society as a whole. However, the transition from a small, highly-devoted group of adherents to a mass following will be far more difficult than commonly assumed. In addition, this presentation will gauge the current size of the Ancestral Health movement by examining empirical data. It also identifies the two types of individuals that typically go paleo. The key commonality between both groups is a very high level of motivation, which also suggests limited penetration of the Ancestral Health movement in the future.
Food chain and Food Web
Food chain and food web in ecosystem
Food chain
Types of food chains
1. Grazing food chain
2. Detritus food chain
Food web
Significance of food chain and food web
Evolution in the news: Power point presentation (BIOL415) Spring 2014Kevin B Hugins
Mini presentation on current news stories for BIOL 415
This news article was about a journal article published in Nature Communications on April 15, 2014. The article is the result of research that was led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The purpose of the research was to study the co-evolution of humans and gut microbiota and examine adaptation that resulted in groups that had different diets. The primary group of interest was a hunter-gatherer group located in Tanzania known as Hadza. This is one of the few remaining true foraging populations in the world. The Hadza diet consists of baobab, game meat, honey, berries and tubers. Hadza do not consume any agricultural crops or livestock.
Dr. Andres Gomez - Microbiome studies in swine systems: challenges and opport...John Blue
Microbiome studies in swine systems: challenges and opportunities - Dr. Andres Gomez, from the 2018 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, 2018, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-leman-swine-conference-material
Sharks do not chew their food at all. Their teeth are designed primarily to capture or tear their prey. The food is stored in the stomach for a variable period of time usually three days (although a study of a tiger shark that died in captivity revealed that at the time of his death had on the inside of his stomach remains undigested 2 weeks). The stomach releases strong acid that breaks down food and passes into the intestine where all the nutrients are absorbed. What cannot be absorbed passes into the colon before being released to the ocean where they serve as food for plants and bacteria?
http://extremesharkfacts.com/
AHS13 Stephan Guyenet Insulin and Obesity: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence Ancestral Health Society
The pancreatic hormone insulin regulates the trafficking and metabolism of carbohydrate and fat. Since insulin influences fatty acid flux in fat tissue, and manipulating insulin can influence body fatness, this has raised the possibility that insulin plays a role in common obesity. Two competing hypotheses propose that 1) elevated insulin is a compensatory response to insulin resistance that develops with fat gain, or 2) elevated insulin outpaces insulin resistance and favors fat gain. Each hypothesis appears to be supported by a large amount of evidence. This presentation will outline a framework capable of reconciling this seemingly conflicting evidence.
AHS13 Hamilton Stapell — The End of Paleo: Is the Ancestral Health Movement G...Ancestral Health Society
Hamilton's talk may be viewed at http://youtu.be/ArcSIg3cYcw
Complete abstracts along with presenter bios and photos, are available on our website:
http://www.ancestralhealth.org/post/2013-ancestral-health-symposium-ahs13
Abstract:
The current Ancestral Health movement is often thought to be on the verge of going mainstream. Many within the movement believe this would lead to positive health (and financial) outcomes for both individuals and society as a whole. However, the transition from a small, highly-devoted group of adherents to a mass following will be far more difficult than commonly assumed. In addition, this presentation will gauge the current size of the Ancestral Health movement by examining empirical data. It also identifies the two types of individuals that typically go paleo. The key commonality between both groups is a very high level of motivation, which also suggests limited penetration of the Ancestral Health movement in the future.
A new theory suggests that acid reflux is caused by carbohydrate malabsorption, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and microbe-induced gas pressure. The pressure drives acid reflux much like dropping a Mentos in a bottle of coke. Difficult-to-digest Carbohydrates lactose, fructose, resistant starch, fiber and sugar alcohols are most likely to cause malabsorption and symptoms of SIBO-related conditions such as GERD and IBS. A novel calculation called fermentation potential (FP) can measure the gut symptom potential of any food. The low FP approach was successfully tested in a small clinical study in the Boston area.
AHS13 Grayson Wheatley - What is Optimal Health? Complexity Science, Chaos Th...Ancestral Health Society
An ancestral lifestyle relies on alignment of nutrition, physical activity and sleep for achieving optimal health and well-being. New research in complexity science - a rapidly evolving body of work that studies dynamic networking systems - has cast doubt on the effectiveness of how we measure expected outcomes in health and medicine. Complex systems may better explain human health by focusing not on single data elements as “cause-and-effect” but on the interactions among complex biological systems. The implications of complexity science and chaos theory on leading an ancestral lifestyle and achieving optimal health will be discussed.
Peter Attia, MD presenting at the Ancestral Health Symposium 2012 (AHS12)
The Straight Dope on Cholesterol
Abstract:
Cholesterol is one of the most misunderstood molecules in the human body. Much like fire, it can be an essential tool for life, if used properly, or a destructive force if allowed to run amok. In this presentation, Peter Attia will explain how the body creates, moves, and utilizes this vital molecule and how what you eat can tip the balance in your favor. By the end of this talk you'll know more about cholesterol than 99% of the physicians in this country.
Bio:
Peter Attia is the President and co-founder of the Nutrition Science Initiative (NuSI), a California-based 501(c)(3). Peter is also a physician and former McKinsey & Company consultant, where he was a member of both the corporate risk and healthcare practices. Peter earned his M.D. from Stanford University and holds a B.Sc. in mechanical engineering and applied mathematics from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, where he also taught and helped design the calculus curriculum.
CommentaryOrigins and evolution of the Western diet healt.docxmonicafrancis71118
Commentary
Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the
21st century1,2
Loren Cordain, S Boyd Eaton, Anthony Sebastian, Neil Mann, Staffan Lindeberg, Bruce A Watkins, James H O’Keefe,
and Janette Brand-Miller
ABSTRACT
There is growing awareness that the profound changes in the envi-
ronment (eg, in diet and other lifestyle conditions) that began with
the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry �10 000 y ago
occurred too recently on an evolutionary time scale for the human
genome to adjust. In conjunction with this discordance between our
ancient, genetically determined biology and the nutritional, cultural,
and activity patterns of contemporary Western populations, many of
the so-called diseases of civilization have emerged. In particular,
food staples and food-processing procedures introduced during the
Neolithic and Industrial Periods have fundamentally altered 7 cru-
cial nutritional characteristics of ancestral hominin diets: 1) glyce-
mic load, 2) fatty acid composition, 3) macronutrient composition,
4) micronutrient density, 5) acid-base balance, 6) sodium-potassium
ratio, and 7) fiber content. The evolutionary collision of our ancient
genome with the nutritional qualities of recently introduced foods may
underlie many of the chronic diseases of Western civilization. Am
J Clin Nutr 2005;81:341–54.
KEY WORDS Westernized diets, chronic disease, processed
foods, genetic discordance, hunter-gatherers, human evolution
EVOLUTIONARY DISCORDANCE
Evolution acting through natural selection represents an on-
going interaction between a species’ genome and its environment
over the course of multiple generations. Genetic traits may be
positively or negatively selected relative to their concordance or
discordance with environmental selective pressures (1). When
the environment remains relatively constant, stabilizing selec-
tion tends to maintain genetic traits that represent the optimal
average for a population (2). When environmental conditions
permanently change, evolutionary discordance arises between a
species’ genome and its environment, and stabilizing selection is
replaced by directional selection, moving the average population
genome to a new set point (1, 2). Initially, when permanent
environmental changes occur in a population, individuals bear-
ing the previous average status quo genome experience evolu-
tionary discordance (2, 3). In the affected genotype, this evolu-
tionary discordance manifests itself phenotypically as disease,
increased morbidity and mortality, and reduced reproductive
success (1–3).
Similar to all species, contemporary humans are genetically
adapted to the environment of their ancestors—that is, to the
environment that their ancestors survived in and that conse-
quently conditioned their genetic makeup (1–3). There is grow-
ing awareness that the profound environmental changes (eg, in
diet and other lifestyle conditions) that began with the introduc-
tion of agriculture and.
Exercise, sleep, sun exposure and dietary needs of every living organism are genetically determined, which is why it is being increasingly recognized that the profound changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred in the last 10,000 years are too recent, on an evolutionary time scale, for the human genome to have fully adapted, which underlies many of so-called diseases of civilization, such as coronary heart disease, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, epithelial cell cancers and osteoporosis.
Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docxkenjordan97598
Scientific American November 13, 2002
Food for Thought
Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution
By William R. Leonard
We humans are strange primates.
We walk on two legs, carry around enormous brains and have colonized every
corner of the globe. Anthropologists and biologists have long sought to
understand how our lineage came to differ so profoundly from the primate norm
in these ways, and over the years all manner of hypotheses aimed at explaining
each of these oddities have been put forth. But a growing body of evidence
indicates that these miscellaneous quirks of humanity in fact have a common
thread: they are largely the result of natural selection acting to maximize dietary
quality and foraging efficiency. Changes in food availability over time, it seems,
strongly influenced our hominid ancestors. Thus, in an evolutionary sense, we
are very much what we ate.
Accordingly, what we eat is yet another way in which we differ from our primate
kin. Contemporary human populations the world over have diets richer in
calories and nutrients than those of our cousins, the great apes. So when and
how did our ancestors' eating habits diverge from those of other primates?
Further, to what extent have modern humans departed from the ancestral
dietary pattern?
Scientific interest in the evolution of human nutritional requirements has a long
history. But relevant investigations started gaining momentum after 1985, when
S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin J. Konner of Emory University published a seminal
paper in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled "Paleolithic Nutrition."
They argued that the prevalence in modern societies of many chronic diseases-
-obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, among them--is
the consequence of a mismatch between modern dietary patterns and the type
of diet that our species evolved to eat as prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Since
then, however, understanding of the evolution of human nutritional needs has
advanced considerably-- thanks in large part to new comparative analyses of
traditionally living human populations and other primates--and a more nuanced
picture has emerged. We now know that humans have evolved not to subsist on
a single, Paleolithic diet but to be flexible eaters, an insight that has important
implications for the current debate over what people today should eat in order to
be healthy.
To appreciate the role of diet in human evolution, we must remember that the
search for food, its consumption and, ultimately, how it is used for biological
processes are all critical aspects of an organism's ecology. The energy dynamic
between organisms and their environments--that is, energy expended in relation
to energy acquired--has important adaptive consequences for survival and
reproduction. These two components of Darwinian fitness are reflected in the
way we divide up an animal's energy budget. Maintenance energy is what
keeps an animal alive on a day-to-day basis. Productive e.
A talk examining how the energy requirements for life in the ocean impact evolution, ecology, and ultimately biodiversity. I examine this through the lense of both energy allocation and energy adaptation theory.
This is a PPT I made for an hour long talk given for my Seminar in Evolutionary Biology class at JSU. It explores in great depth the evolution of the human/hominid dietary pattern in pursuit of a single question: What is the most optimal diet for human consumption, encouraging health and longevity, based on evolutionary trends?
Use of Silage Acid Devil Fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) as Protein Supplement i...criollito
Animal nutrition is one of the most important limiting factors in animal production, especially in ruminants, providing
proteins being the main constraint, due to the limited availability and high cost of protein sources (oilseed meals). Currently in the dam
“El Infiernillo” in Michoacán México, has a large population of devil fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.), which is an economic and ecological
problem, because it is not consumed by humans and causes pollution to be discarded directly into the environment. For that reason the
objective of this study was to evaluate the use of silage acid devil fish (SADF) in fattening beef cattle as a protein supplement. SADF is
defined as a product semi-liquid or pasty mixed with formic acid, which leads to a decrease in pH to near 4.0. Used 18 young bulls (Bos
taurus × Bos indicus) for 60 days with a starting weight of 278.9 ± 51.2 kg, housed in individual pens with food and water ad libitum
were randomly assigned to three treatments with different levels of inclusion SADF (0%, 12% and 18%). They were weighed to the
beginning of the experiment and later every 30 days, previous fasting of 24 hours. To determine the food consumption, weigh every day
the offered food and the surplus. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) among treatments with different levels of inclusion of
SADF with respect to daily weight gain, with values of 952 ± 324, 927 ± 322 and 854 ± 307 g/day, respectively. The dry matter intake
(DMI) was 8.9, 9.3 and 7.7 kg/day to 0%, 12% and 18% of SADF, respectively. In the same values for feed conversion were 9.34, 10.03
and 9.01 kg DMI/kg of weigh live, and carcass yield of 60.6%, 60.3% and 58.5%, respectively. It is concluded that fish silage acid devil
is an excellent alternative in feeding beef cattle as a protein supplement.
Mayo Clinic endorses Paleolithic Eating and the Serenity Eating LifetstyleMICHELLE Edmonds
The Serenity Weight Loss and Detoxification Program, established in 1992, teaches PALEO Eating. We also recognize the importance of KETOGENIC additions to the diet.
For more information about us, click @ https://serenityweightloss.business.site
Evolution of human diet- From paleolithic age to Industrial revolution which brings lots of changes in lifestyle and increases communicable disease incidences.
AHS13 Adele Hite - The Real Paleo Challenge: How a Fad on the Fringe Can Beco...Ancestral Health Society
Adele's AHS13 talk, The Real Paleo Challenge: How a Fad on the Fringe Can Become a Force for Change, may be viewed on our youtube channel:
http://youtu.be/l1r8yF02oc8
For complete schedule, bios, abstracts, please see our website:
http://www.ancestralhealth.org/post/ahs13-detailed-schedule
Dr. Lassek's talk may be viewed here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJhT_ANNy4E
Abstract: One puzzle is why human males have such a strong preference for women with hourglass figures and low weights that can compromise fertility. The second is why slender young women typically have about one third of their weight in body fat, more than bears starting to hibernate, and why human infants are also very fat. Finally, why do women typically gain another twenty pounds or more during their reproductive years? The answer may lie in the roles that fat plays in providing essential fatty acids needed for the growth of a very large brain and in regulating overall fetal growth.
Over the past century, industrialized societies have seen a meteoric rise in the so-called diseases of civilization: obesity, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease and cancer. These disorders are often associated with apparent "deficiencies" in critical nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and hormones. This talk will examine the arguments for and against supplementation, together with the evidence from interventional studies. The focus will be on the supplementation with Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and calcium. I will argue that the case for supplementation as a long-term preventive strategy has not be made, and often overlooks the compensating effects of homeostatic regulation.
AHS13 Tony Federico — Processed Foods and Processed Friends: Is Facebook a Ne...Ancestral Health Society
Human beings crave social connection in much the same way that we crave sugary, salty, and fatty foods. In this sense, smartphone enabled social media use parallels the fast food drive-through. Chronic daily use of social media can create dependency and is a threat to emotional and psychological well-being just as over consumption of energy dense foods can lead to diabetes, heart disease, and other diseases of civilization. Moderating the consumption of "processed friends" is just as important as moderating the consumption of processed foods for maintaining and improving total health and wellness.
AHS13 Tim Gerstmar - It Ain't Your Great-Grandparents World: Environmental To...Ancestral Health Society
Humanity has released approximately 100,000 new chemical compounds into the environment, mostly in the past 100 years. Compounds our bodies have never seen before and weren't designed to deal with. In this talk we will discuss some of the common environmental toxins and how they have been shown to be harmful to human health. We will also discuss: testing methods for quantifying toxicity, how the body detoxifies (the seven organs involved) and provide simple methods audience members can take to reduce their toxic burden, as well as briefly discuss more intensive, physician practices for detoxification for people who need it.
AHS13 Alyssa Rhoden — Give Them Grains? Analyzing Approaches to World Hunger Ancestral Health Society
Feeding the world is a compelling problem that is expected to worsen. A proposed solution is to increase the number of available calories by diverting more crops from animal feed to direct human consumption. I analyze this approach, taking into account the types of food that can be produced. The results indicate that current crops are rather poor at delivering nutritious food and that repurposing grains is an unlikely solution to world hunger. I will discuss alternative methods by which we can maximize production of nutritious foods and the importance of the ancestral health community’s involvement in the sustainable agriculture movement.
Depression is an insidious issue in the US and elsewhere. Lifestyle habits that are very different from our ancestral environment may be to blame, and one particularly problematic area is food choice. Depressive symptoms share much in common with the adaptive features of sickness behavior, which is functional when operating in an environment of ancestrally normal immune stressor. Modern diets likely activate the immune system (primarily the inflammatory response) and induce the cascade of adaptive responses that collective make up sickness behavior. Due to their similarities, these may then diagnosed as depression. In this talk, I discuss the links among diet, depression, and inflammation, as well as highlighting some specific dietary components that contribute to this response.
AHS13 Paul Ralston — The Effect of Diet on Chronic Spinal Pain Disorders Ancestral Health Society
Despite the high frequency of spinal related pain disorders, few patients or physicians understand or even acknowledge the role nutrition plays in pain perception. This presentation will explain the anatomy of the most common spinal structures responsible for being sources of pain. The lecture will also examine the robust role diet plays in increasing or decreasing the perception of pain.
AHS13 Shilpi Mehta — Nutrition for the Eyes, Brain and Heart: An Eye Doctor's...Ancestral Health Society
Ocular health is strongly connected to systemic body health especially in cardiovascular, neuronal, and inflammatory diseases. The eye is the window to the health of the body and inflammation elsewhere can manifest symptoms in the eye. I suggest an anti-inflammatory Paleolithic inspired diet is likely to improve and possibly prevent ocular diseases such as dry eyes, cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, etc. which have inflammatory origins. I will discuss common ocular conditions that have inflammatory causes, an evolutionary perspective on eye diseases, and offer practical recommendations for food and supplements to optimize eye health, which also help the body, especially the heart and brain.
Persistent lack of progress by mainstream (non-evolutionary) medicine suggests evolutionary thinking is necessary for progress, but many examples – involving Weston Price, sleep, depression, weight control, omega-3, acne, depression, and fermented foods -- suggest it is far from sufficient. Evolutionary thinking helps solve health problems because it greatly narrows the possibilities worth study but it does not narrow the possibilities far enough (there is too much uncertainty) to by itself produce practical solutions. For example, evolutionary thinking helped me find a new theory of weight control but I had learn more to find a practical way to lose weight.
Dry Eye Disease (DED) has become a substantial economic burden to industrialized society. It is estimated to cost as much as $18K/year/patient in lost productivity for a total of $55B/year in the United States alone. Severe, untreated dry eye disease can result in significant morbidity and potential loss of vision. The role that diet plays in the inflammation and lipid abnormalities associated with dry eye disease has only recently been discovered and is still not widely accepted in the medical community.
AHS13 Colin Champ — Intermittent Fasting and Carbohydrate Restriction in Canc...Ancestral Health Society
Dietary manipulation, including intermittent fasting, carbohydrate restriction, and ketogenic diets, all ancestral in etiology, appear to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. Clinical trials incorporating such dietary manipulation are necessary.
AHS13 Anastasia Boulais — Is Sun Worshipping Increasing Your Risk of Melanoma? Ancestral Health Society
Those of us familiar with the evolutionary medicine model have come to question many of the conventional public health recommendations and, along with them, the complete sun avoidance. Dr Anastasia Boulais will describe the delicate balance between the benefits and risks of sun worshipping based on current evidence. The talk will focus on particular patterns of sun exposure which may increase the risk of formation of cutaneous melanoma. Other factors, such as diet, vitamin D status and even training patterns, contributing to that risk will be discussed. Anastasia will conclude with an overview of protective lifestyle factors.
AHS13 Jeffrey Rothschild — Time-restricted Feeding, an Overview of the Curren...Ancestral Health Society
Time-restricted feeding is a method of intermittent fasting which allows ad libitum energy intake within a window of 4-12 hours, inducing a 12-20h daily fasted window. A wide variety of health benefits have been seen in animal and human trials, this presentation will review the current research and suggest practical applications.
AHS13 Russ Crandall and Paul Jaminet — The Perfectly Healthy Meal: How Ancest...Ancestral Health Society
We examine the principles of recipe and meal design in three approaches – standard Paleo, traditional cuisines, and Perfect Health Diet – to evaluate their similarities and differences. We then compare and contrast how various traditional recipes are implemented in the three approaches, and discuss the relative merits of each approach. Our goal is to answer the question: how can we synthesize the best of each approach to design the most healthful, satisfying, nourishing, delicious food possible?
ASH13 Scott Hall and Robb Wolf — Evaluation of the Impact of a Paleolithic Di...Ancestral Health Society
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including cholesterol may not provide the best tools for predicting individuals at risk for future cardiovascular disease and current insulin resistance. Novel and emerging evaluations of lipoproteins may provide a more accurate assessment of future cardiovascular risk. In an observational study of a small group of law enforcement officers, we studied the changes in both traditional and nontraditional risk factors when instructed in a “paleo” diet over 6 months. Overall, we found an encouraging impact on both traditional and nontraditional risk factors over the course of the study. It is proposed that a “paleo” diet supplemented with exercise has a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors and may be a treatment recommendation for individuals at risk.
The Consuming Instinct: What Juicy Burgers, Ferraris, Pornography and Gift Giving Reveal About Human Nature
Gad Saad, Ph.D.
I offer a synopsis of my work in the evolutionary consumption area. This will be achieved by discussing key tenets from my books (The Consuming Instinct and The Evolutionary Bases of Consumption) including that: (1) many consumption acts can be mapped onto four key Darwinian modules (survival, mating, kin selection, and reciprocal altruism); and (2) cultural products (e.g., song lyrics, movie plotlines) are fossils of the human mind that highlight a shared biological-based human nature.
AHS13 Jeff Leighton — The Role of Omega 3 Oils in the Treatment of Chronic In...Ancestral Health Society
Inflammation is associated with virtually all chronic, progressive diseases such as heart disease, vascular disease, asthma, IBS, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and even chronic neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The signals that induce inflammation are multifactorial. High dose omega 3 has the potential to be as or more effective than pharmaceutical therapies. We will report on a series of omega 3 studies that compared dose response, dose timing, (e.g. once a day or twice a day), and food intake (with or without) in four separate cohorts.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdf
Miki Ben-Dor — Interdisciplinary Reconstruction of the Paleolithic Diet (AHS13)
1. Miki Ben-Dor
Department of Archaeology
Tel Aviv University, Israel
AHS13
August 2013
2. Conklin-Brittain NL, Wrangham R, Smith CC
(2002) A two-stage model of increased dietary
quality in early hominid evolution: The role of
fiber. In: Ungar PS, Teaford MF, editors. Human
diet: Its origin and evolution: Greenwood
% weight (Conklin-Britten 2002)
% calories (Assuming 1.5 cal. fat/1 gr fiber)
Full explanation and references at http://www.paleostyle.com/?p=2001
Anatomy
3. Smaller
Colon is of a smaller
gut, ¼ of Chimp
colon, Little B12, max. 8%
of energy
Colon is of the gut,
Source of fat and B12
Milton, K. (1999).
Nutritional
characteristics of wild
primate foods: do the
diets of our closest
living relatives have
lessons for
us? Nutrition 15:488–
498
Anatomy
4. Wrangham proposed that cooking by Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago
allowed humans to consume tubers despite their significant fiber content and
humans smaller colon and teeth.
However:
◦ Archaeological evidence shows habitual control of fire only begin 1.4 million years
later
◦ Genes that promote significant starch metabolism appear at the earliest only 1.6
million years later.
◦ Genes to cope with tubers’ low folic acid content and detoxification of tuber
glycosides appear only recently and only among agricultural populations that
consume domesticated tubers.
◦ Starch dependent bacteria found in human teeth plaque only after the Agriculture
Revolution indicating low starch diet pre-agriculture.
◦ Nitrogen Isotope studies confirm low plant consumption in the late Paleolithic even
though cooking was well established.
◦ Meat and fat consumption offer more parsimonious solution to the fiber problem as
they are energy dense and do not have fiber so do not require cooking to be
metabolized.
5. Genetic adaptation only in groups with post-Paleolithic consumption of
tubers to:
•Starch and sucrose metabolism
•Folic acid biosynthesis
•Detoxification of plant glycosides
Genetics
15. Strontium and Barium analysis in human and animal
teeth from approx. 2 MYA show: “Early Homo (is)
indistinguishable from carnivores” (Nature 2012)
Strontium
16. Africa 1.5 MYA - “The appearance of Homo is marked by a sharp drop in the number of large carnivores (>20
kgs) but not small carnivores”
Italy 0.5 MYA – Homo appear. Large carnivores drop despite increase in large herbivores.
Werdelin L, Lewis ME (2013) Temporal Change in Functional Richness and Evenness in the Eastern African Plio-
Pleistocene Carnivoran Guild. PLoS ONE 8(3): e57944.
Large Carnivores Small Carnivores
Homo erectus
Paleontology
Signs of competition between early humans and large carnivores
17. “there is incontrovertible evidence of
the convergence of human behavior
with carnivore behavior”
Animal Behavior
18. Wolf (Canis)
Social
Monogamy
2nd Widest geographic
distribution
Endurance locomotion
Prey size: 1000 kgs – 1 kg
Preying on young and old
Homo
Social
Monogamy
Widest geographic
distribution
Endurance locomotion
Prey size: 6000 kgs - 1 kg
Preying on adults
Animal Behavior
Joint venture?
19. “our findings highlight the emergence of carnivory as a
process fundamentally determining human evolution.”
Weaning in humans 2-3 yearWeaning in Chimps 4-5 years
Life History
20. Kuhn, S. L., & Stiner, M. C.
(2006). What’s a Mother to Do?
The Division of Labor among
Neandertals and Modern
Humans in Eurasia. Current
Anthropology, 47(6), 953-981
Ethnography
22. Inter-disciplinary evidence supports
One Paleolithic
Highly Carnivorous Diet
Life History
Archaeology
N Isotope
Strontium
Anatomy
Genetics
Animal Behavior
Ethnography
Paleontology
Bacteriology
Editor's Notes
This lecture was initiated by a statement made at last year's AHS by the keynote speaker, Prof. Dan Liebermann, who said that “there were many Paleo diets”. A few prominent Paleo bloggers were quick to quote him and later that year the book Paleofantasy came out so I am glad to have the opportunity to try to subtentiate a completely different point of view here.
In Paleofantasy Prof. Marlin Zuk ask why pick up 2 million years and not 6 million or 30 million years ago? The answer lies in the major change in our digestive system in the transition to Homo 1.8 million years ago. Here is the composition of the Chimpanzee’s diet in terms of calories based on a paper by Conklin-Britain, Wrangham and others. When the fat from the by product of the fermentation of the high fiber content is taken into account we get a composition of 50 % fat, some 20 % protein and 30% sugar.
Much of the 50% fat is the product of fermentation by bacteria in a large colon which forms 52% of the Chimp’s gut. Our colon is only 21% of a gut that is 40% smaller than the Chimp's gut. With such small colon highly fibrous food is indigestible. And most plants in nature are highly fibrous. In the season there are some nuts that provide fat, fruits that provide little sugar and roots and tubers that are somewhat less fibrous than most plants and provide starch. So prof. Wrangham of Harvard, who studied primats and tubers and know they are too fibrous in a raw state, came up with the “Cooking Hypothesis” and identify starch from tubers as a major cooked source of calories for early humans .
So if we return to the most notable alternative hypothesis to one presented here, the Cooking Hypothesis, It is evident that starch metabolism and specifically tubers consumption in significant quantities is a post Paleolithic phenomena. In addition, evidence for habitual control of fire only shows up clearly from 400-200 Kya which is 1.2 million yearts after the appearance of early Homo erectus. Thirdly, as I will show in the next slides Isotope studies on pre-agricultural humans all confirm low plant consumption in the Paleolithic. it seems that the Cooking Hypothesis can quite convincingly be discarded
However, based on a study published in 2009 by Hancock et al genetic adaptation to tuber diet, such as high starch metabolism, high rate of folic acid biosynthesis and detoxification of tubers poisonous glycosides is prevalent only in farming groups that consume high tuber diet and not in hunter gatherers. So it transpires that although cooking is ubiquitous for hundred of thousands of years we were not genetically adapted to consume tubers until few thausands years ago.
To prove that only agriculture brought with it significant quantities of starch a genetic study of the bacteria S. mutans which feed on starch and is responsible for our carries found that they had a population explosion around 10,000 years ago.
Another genetic study by Perry et al shows that we are still not fully adapted to consume large quantities of starch of any kind tuber or otherwise. The AMY1 gene allows us to metabolize starch with lower insulin secretion which is good.You will notice that most people in the studied sample have less than theadapted population median, marked by a green line on the graph. Based on the previous evidence for explosion of starch feeding bacteria 10,000 years ago It is quite likely that the prevalence of multiple copies of AMY1 is as recent as agriculture. As can be seen on the left graph John Hawks found out that most of the genetic changes in the last 80 thaousands years took place around the time of the agriculture revolution.
Lets turn now to Archaeology. Almost every archaeological prehistoric site contains almost exclusively stones and bones. Animal bones with cut marks from stone tools. You can see a typical table reporting taxa and number of bones from a paper by Rabinovich et al.
Use marks studies on the stones all show that the main reason for their prolific productionwas to hunt and butcher animals. You have to be blind not to see that these are cultures of hunters. Yes, in very few sites one finds a single grinding stone but untill the period just prior to the agriculture revolution they are few and far between in comparison to the hundred of thousands of hunting and butchering stone tools.
Just prior to agriculture twenty to ten thousand years ago, Petals, Storage bins and large quantities of grinding stones show up, indicating that when significant quantities of plant material are consumed they do show very well in the archaeological record.
Recently plant residues were found in teeth plaque showing that plant food was consumed during the Paleolithic. However It is seasonal and costly to obtain and prepare for safe consumption so the quantities, in a nomadic culture could only be limited.
Recent groups of Hunter gatherers are a problematic model for Paleolithic humans as they live close to farming communities and most importantly, large animals, which formed most of the Paleolithic target prey animals have gone extinct or largely diminished prior to ten thousand years ago. Despite this, of 10 groups for which detailed studies were carried out, 5 groups consumed approximately 80% animal food and only 2 groups from very specific semi desert area consumed less than 50% animal sourced food.
However as can be seen from studies of Neolithic populations the method is very sensitive when humans do eat significant quantities of plant foods. In this Isotope study Pearson et al were able to distinguish between farmers’ social classes based on a slightly higher consumption of meat.
The premier geochemical tool for quantifying the relative amount of animal sourced food in the diet of ancient peopleis the content of Nitrogen isotope 15 in bone colagen and therefore only individual from about 50,000 years ago onward can be studied. Every single study carried on tens of pre-agricultural humans show them to be top carnivores. Their position above Hyaena and wolf is interpretaed as indicating a consumption of large animals. Recently there have been claims that humans metabolise nitrogen differently and therefore these studies tend to overestimate animal food consumption.
Another method of quantifiying animal sourced food in relation to plant sourced food is by measuring Strontium and Barium in relation to calcium in animals and human teeth. In a study that was published this year Balter et al state that “Early Homo is indistinguishable from carnivores”.
Another source of information is Paleontology. Researchers noticed the association of the appearance of the Homo species with the extinction of large carnivores. For example a study that was published this year in Plos one by Werdlin and Lewis found that in Africa that phenomena is evident at the time of the appearance of Homo erectus 1.7-1.5 Mya and another pair of researchers Palombo and Russi identified in an earlier paper that the same phenomena took place in Italy when Homo arrived there half a million years ago.
Another line of evidence come from comparative animal behavior. Comparing the behavior, especially concerning food acquisition, among humans, 11 carnivores and 14 primates Thompson found that in 6 behaviors out of the seven studied humans behave like carnivores. He therefore concluded that “there is incontrovertible evidence of the convergence of human behavior with carnivore behavior”
Wolf is another widely distributed species. his wide range of prey size, just like humans cause his widespread adaptability. I always think of wolf as a good example of an omnivore who can and does eat plant food but his diet is basically carnivorous. Researchers have suggested that the drive to domesticate the wolf was the help it could provide in hunting.
Life history is the timing of key events in an organism's lifetime and is a very important sub-field of evolution studies. It always pazzelded scientists why, despite longer childhood, weaning in human takes place half as early as in chimps.2-3 years as opposed to 4-5 years in chimpsIn a study published this year Psouni et al found that shorter weaning periods typify carnivores and therefore concluded that humans’ short weaning period in comparison to Chimpanzee is a proof for the emergence of carnivory as a process fundamentally determining human evolution. Short weaning periods are made possible in carnivores by the high nutritious value of meat. Humans are dependent on meat for short weaning and dependent on short weaning for high fertility.
This table here is essential to understanding the next life history evidence. It was compiled by Kuhn and Stiner and it shows that large game hunting is 6 to 10 times more efficient in terms of obtaining calories than gathering roots and tuber. Even hunting small game is two times more efficient than gathering tubers.
This graph from one of the most cited paper I know by Kaplan et al,to my mind, is the ultimate explanation of why humans could not rely on plant food as a major food source. Kaplan and his colleagues found out that it takes 20 years of investment in education for a hunter to stop being dependent on others for his food supply compared to 5 years for the chimp. So much knowledge is associated with hunting that a hunter reaches the pick of his productivity at 40 years old. For 20 years other hunters have to obtain and share many more calories than they themselves need which indeed they do as the graph shows. Taking into account the enormous difference in efficiency between big game hunting and tubers collection it just doesn’t make sense that gathering plants is likely to leave time to obtain foods for others. Indeed food sharing as we have seen in behavior comparison paper of Thompson is uniquely carnivorous and here we see that it is the cornerstone of the pre-agriculture human society.
To sum up – for nearly 2 million years we were fully fledged carnivores. Our social organization, our behavior, our material culture our biology all co-operated in helping us being a fully fledged eurytopiccarnivore. So yes, my conclusion is that we had one Paleo diet – a Carnivorous diet with a very high percentage of animal meat and fat.How is this conclusion relevant to the present day Paleo practitioner? I think of Paleo not as a romantic reconstruction of the past but as a safety template. From that point of view plenty of meat and fat in the diet seems to be a good bet. Yes we did adapt to consume agriculture based foods but we have to take into account that the adaptation seems to be partial and most of us don’t know to what to extent we are genetically adapted to non-meat foods.