A talk examining how the energy requirements for life in the ocean impact evolution, ecology, and ultimately biodiversity. I examine this through the lense of both energy allocation and energy adaptation theory.
This presentation was originally rendered as an Apple Keynote presentation designed for use with IB Environmental Systems - For the new IB Environmental Systems and Societies course the topic numbers are incorrect but the content still applies. The presentation is also suitable for use with Ecology and Environmental science Courses. Copyright of sciencebitz.com
more sciencebitz resources on iTunesU and iBooks https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/enroll/DEZ-HWS-HNJ
https://itun.es/gb/ymzI6.n
This presentation was originally rendered as an Apple Keynote presentation designed for use with IB Environmental Systems - For the new IB Environmental Systems and Societies course the topic numbers are incorrect but the content still applies. The presentation is also suitable for use with Ecology and Environmental science Courses. Copyright of sciencebitz.com
more sciencebitz resources on iTunesU and iBooks https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/enroll/DEZ-HWS-HNJ
https://itun.es/gb/ymzI6.n
PowerPoint presentation that highlights chapters 13 and 14 in Campbell's Essential Biology (3rd. edition). It can also be used for Miller & Levine's Biology (2006 Ed.) for chapters 15-18.
Exploring the Dynamics of The Microbiome in Health and DiseaseLarry Smarr
Remote Invited Provocateur Lecture
2017 Innovation Lab on Quantitative Approaches to Biomedical Data Science:
Challenges in our Understanding of the Microbiome
San Diego, CA
June 19, 2017
Maddison D.R., Moore W., Baker M.D., Ellis T.M., Ober K.A., Cannone J.J., and Gutell R.R. (2009).
Monophyly of terrestrial adephagan beetles as indicated by three nuclear genes (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Trachypachidae).
Zoologica Scripta, 38(1):43-62.
Crayfish Predation on Snails in Different Environments diontaedm
This project was ran at Kellogg Biological Station in the summer of 2015. The project was conducted questioning if snails could better survive in habitats composed of different substances. This question came about as we were searching for snails and continuously found dead snails in sandy areas and more living sands in areas with Detritus
Healey sdal social dynamics in living systems from microbe to metropolis kimlyman
Living systems are ubiquitous in the natural world. While they exist at many different scales—from the tiniest bacterial colony to vast human societies—they share some commonalities between them, such as the drive for growth, the need for nutrient consumption and waste, and the capability to spontaneously mutate and evolve. These commonalities create the potential to apply principles across living systems that occupy vastly different scales and complexity. In this presentation, I will consider populations composed of two very different living organisms—budding yeast and humans—and consider examples of how principles derived from the study of each system can shed light on the other. In the case of budding yeast, we will discuss the problematic biological phenomenon of stochastic gene expression and show how it can be reconciled to evolutionary principles by considering it within a framework taken from economic game theory. In the case of human populations, we will consider community resilience in light of two recent advances in microbial ecology: 1) cooperation density leading to higher resilience and 2) critical slowing down preceding sudden systemic collapse. These examples will highlight the potential for learning from cross-disciplinary models of living systems.
PowerPoint presentation that highlights chapters 13 and 14 in Campbell's Essential Biology (3rd. edition). It can also be used for Miller & Levine's Biology (2006 Ed.) for chapters 15-18.
Exploring the Dynamics of The Microbiome in Health and DiseaseLarry Smarr
Remote Invited Provocateur Lecture
2017 Innovation Lab on Quantitative Approaches to Biomedical Data Science:
Challenges in our Understanding of the Microbiome
San Diego, CA
June 19, 2017
Maddison D.R., Moore W., Baker M.D., Ellis T.M., Ober K.A., Cannone J.J., and Gutell R.R. (2009).
Monophyly of terrestrial adephagan beetles as indicated by three nuclear genes (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Trachypachidae).
Zoologica Scripta, 38(1):43-62.
Crayfish Predation on Snails in Different Environments diontaedm
This project was ran at Kellogg Biological Station in the summer of 2015. The project was conducted questioning if snails could better survive in habitats composed of different substances. This question came about as we were searching for snails and continuously found dead snails in sandy areas and more living sands in areas with Detritus
Healey sdal social dynamics in living systems from microbe to metropolis kimlyman
Living systems are ubiquitous in the natural world. While they exist at many different scales—from the tiniest bacterial colony to vast human societies—they share some commonalities between them, such as the drive for growth, the need for nutrient consumption and waste, and the capability to spontaneously mutate and evolve. These commonalities create the potential to apply principles across living systems that occupy vastly different scales and complexity. In this presentation, I will consider populations composed of two very different living organisms—budding yeast and humans—and consider examples of how principles derived from the study of each system can shed light on the other. In the case of budding yeast, we will discuss the problematic biological phenomenon of stochastic gene expression and show how it can be reconciled to evolutionary principles by considering it within a framework taken from economic game theory. In the case of human populations, we will consider community resilience in light of two recent advances in microbial ecology: 1) cooperation density leading to higher resilience and 2) critical slowing down preceding sudden systemic collapse. These examples will highlight the potential for learning from cross-disciplinary models of living systems.
Human Paleolithic diet was a Carnivorous diet. Like wolf, Homo was an omnivore but he was dependent on a highly carnivorous diet for his survival. Interdisciplinary evidence supports that hypothesis.
Multidisciplinary attempt to reconstruct human nutrition through the Paleolithic shows that a highly carnivorous (meat based) diet was not only prevalent but essential to the existence of our species for almost 2 million years.
Miki Ben-Dor — Interdisciplinary Reconstruction of the Paleolithic Diet (AHS13)Ancestral Health Society
Several anthropologist have stated that there were many Paleolithic diets, presumably questioning the meat/fat centric Paleo practice or the ancestral paradigm altogether. A review of recent findings relating to the reconstruction of Paleolithic diets from various scientific areas of enquiry will be presented and likely ratios of animal to plant sourced food will be discussed. It will be argued that despite the apparent variability in Paleolithic diets, valid practical dietary guidance can be gained from their study.
Biodiversity is variety…
of organisms in a given area
of genetic variation within a population
of species in a community
of communities in an ecosystem
Humans need to understand & preserve biodiversity for our own survival.
1)Inverse density dependent population regulationIn populace biolo.pdfapexjaipur
1)Inverse density dependent population regulation
In populace biology, thickness subordinate procedures happen when populace development rates
are directed by the thickness of a populace. Most thickness ward variables, which are organic in
nature (biotic), incorporate predation, between and intraspecific rivalry, gathering of waste, and
maladies, for example, those brought about by parasites. Typically, the denser a populace is, the
more prominent its death rate. For instance, amid intra-and interspecific rivalry, the regenerative
rates of the people will for the most part be lower, lessening their populace\'s rate of
development. What\'s more, low prey thickness expands the mortality of its predator since it has
more trouble finding its sustenance source.
A case of thickness ward direction is appeared with results from a study concentrating on the
goliath intestinal roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), a parasite of people and different warm
blooded animals. The information demonstrates that denser populaces of the parasite show bring
down fruitfulness: they contained less eggs . One conceivable clarification for this marvel was
that females would be littler in more thick populaces because of constrained assets so they would
have less eggs. This speculation was tried and refuted in a recent report which demonstrated that
female weight had no impact.
Many variables, regularly physical or substance in nature (abiotic), impact the mortality of a
populace paying little heed to its thickness. They incorporate climate, regular catastrophes, and
contamination. An individual deer might be slaughtered in a backwoods fire paying little heed to
what number of deer happen to be around there. Its odds of survival are the same whether the
populace thickness is high or low.
All things considered, circumstances, populace control is extremely entangled and thickness
reliant and autonomous variables can communicate. A thick populace that is decreased in a
thickness autonomous way by some natural factor(s) will have the capacity to recoup uniquely in
contrast to would a scanty populace. For instance, a populace of deer influenced by a cruel
winter will recoup speedier if there are more deer staying to imitate.
=====================================================
A populace cycle in zoology is a wonder where populaces rise and fall over an anticipated
timeframe. There are a few animal types where populace numbers have sensibly unsurprising
examples of progress despite the fact that the full purposes behind populace cycles is one of the
major unsolved environmental issues. There are various elements which impact populace
change, for example, accessibility of nourishment, predators, sicknesses and atmosphere
the term \"populace flow\" alludes to how the quantity of people in a populace changes after
some time. Scholars concentrate on the elements that influence populace elements since they are
keen on themes, for example, protection of jeopardized species (for inst.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
In silico drugs analogue design: novobiocin analogues.pptx
How Metabolic Niches Shape Marine Life
1. How metabolic niches
shape marine life
Craig R. McClain
Department of Biology, Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Duke University
@DrCraigMc
craigmcclain.com
4. 1900 2000
“We observe declines in eight out of
ten ocean regions… this decline will
need to be considered in future
studies of marine ecosystems,
geochemical cycling, ocean
circulation and fisheries.”
Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):591-6.
Global phytoplankton decline over the past century.
Boyce DG, Lewis MR, Worm B.
Productivityof the oceans may be changing
10. McClain, C.R., J.Nekola, L.Kuhnz, and J. Barry (2011)
Local-scale faunal turnover on the deep Pacific floor.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 442:193-200
Your
Nana’s Quilt
Patterns of
invertebrate
diversity
Grandmother’s Quilt:
Turnover At Small Spatial Scales
1a
15. : 0.25
4 2.75
2D Stress: 0.11
1 2.52
3 2.94
2 2.68
6 3.22
7 2.29
8 2.34
5 1.57
4 2.75
Distance: Rho= 0.06, p=0.078
% Carbon: Rho= 0.31, p=0.036
MDS: a matrix of item–item
similarities, then assigns a location to
each item in N-dimensional space.
Distance in plot correlates with
differences in community composition
Cluster of cores
% Carbon in Sediment
Correlation and p-value for how well
distance predicts relationship
Correlation and p-value for how well
% Carbon predicts relationship
16.
17. Station M. 4200m Pacific Abyssal Plain
Video from K. Smith and H. Ruhl
18. Pining for answers:
Tests of energetic theory with
experimental deep-sea wood falls
McClain, C.R. and J. Barry (2014) Beta-Diversity on Deep-Sea Wood Falls Reflects Gradients in
Energy Availability. Biology Letters 10:20140129
McClain, C.R. et al. (2016) Multiple processes generate productivity-diversity relationships in
experimental wood-fall. Ecology in press
1b
19. A very “poplar” question “fir” ecology:
What are the processes that underly
diversity-productivity relationships?
Diversity
Productivity
20.
21. Invertebrates on wood falls are endemic
and reliant on the wood as their only food source
Xylophaga
22. Invertebrates on wood falls are endemic
and reliant on the wood as their only food source
23.
24.
25.
26. Set 1
Set 2
November 2006-October 2011 (5 years)
November 2006-October 2013 (7 years)
30. 2
No Food No Cry:
Adaptations and
Energetics of
marine invertebrates
31. What suites of traits make
species low vs. high
energy adapted?
Species have an
Energetic (Metabolic) Niche
Community ecology is comparative physiology
Energetics and metabolism structure communities
energy budget and energy adaptation views
energy resources are viewed as
resource allocation that can be
translated into work and mass, e.g.
the metabolic theory of ecology
33. 2a
Energy Budget:
the energetics of life on the seafloor
from individuals to ecosystems
McClain et al. (2012)The energetics of life on the deep seafloor. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Science, U.S.A. 109:15366-15371
34. “Metabolism provides a basis for using first principles of
physics, chemistry, and biology…Metabolic theory predicts
how metabolic rate, by setting the rates of resource uptake
from the environment and resource allocation to survival,
growth, and reproduction, controls ecological processes
at all levels of organization from individuals to the
biosphere.”
35. B=b0*Mb*e-E/kT
B = basal metabolic rate
b0 = intercept (changes among clades & ecologies)
M = mass
b = scaling coefficient (2/3 or 3/4)
E = activation energy (~0.65 eV)
k = Boltzmann’s constant
T = Temperature (˚K)
Brody 1945
36. Is the scaling of metabolism with body size
stable over evolutionary time?
39. Body size and temperature through its control of individual metabolic
rates sets the rates and sums of resource uptake from the environment
There are high and low metabolic demand deep-sea species
52. • The Energetic Basis of Aging: An Evolutionary Perspective Working
Group (August 2015)
• Test caloric restriction hypothesis in wild populations
• Brings together 15 specialists on a variety of taxa, habitats, methods,
and disciplines
• Link together
• global climate and productivity data
• longevity data
• phylogenetic relationships
• comparative and spatial analyses
• Identify new model organisms, reveal underlying genetic mechanism
53. Maximum Age of Marine Invertebrates vs. Ocean Primary Production
−1
0
1
2
3
6 7
log(primprod)
log(A_max)
Alcyonaria
Amphipoda
Canalipalpata
Decapoda
Diptera
Euechinoidea
Heterodonta
Isopoda
Mysida
Neotaenioglos
Oligochaeta
Ophiuroidea
Opisthobranc
Prosobranchia
Protobranchia
Pteriomorphia
Scolecida
54. 2c50 Shades of Food:
Energy and reproductive adaptations
in marine gastropods
55. Planktotrophic: feed in
the plankton during their
larval stage and are
considered to have
longer dispersal
potential
Lecithotrophic: larvae
derive nourishment
from yolk and are non-
feeding and are
considered to have
longer dispersal
potential
Direct: young develop
directly into the adult form
without a larval phase and
typically have limited
dispersal potential Low
Food
planktonic larvae cheap
minimize larval/adult competition
dispersal phases allow for bet hedging
direct development expensive
retention of larvae favored
High
Food
%PlanktonicLarvae
McClain, C.R. et al. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 2014
56. sqrt (Median Carbon Flux)
ProbabilityofOccurrence
Mixed
Direct
Lecithotrophic
Planktotrophic
50 150 2500.00.51.0
Planktotrophic: feed in
the plankton during their
larval stage and are
considered to have
longer dispersal
potential
Lecithotrophic: larvae
derive nourishment
from yolk and are non-
feeding and are
considered to have
longer dispersal
potential
Direct: young develop
directly into the adult form
without a larval phase and
typically have limited
dispersal potential
McClain, C.R. et al. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 2014
58. 50 150 250
0.00.51.0
sqrt (Median Carbon Flux)
ProbabilityofOccurrence
Hermaphroditic
Non-Hermaphroditic
=
Basal metabolic rates of
nudibranchs are the highest
among gastropods.
Metabolically expensive to be a
simultaneous hermaphrodite
McClain, C.R. et al. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 2014
60. Future Research Directions
carbon
C6 12.011
Species Physiological and Ecological
Responses and Adaptations
DIVERSITY
Theoretically and conceptually link?
Empirically document and test?
Theoretically and conceptually link?
Empirically document and test?
61. 1. Deep-Sea Biodiversity and Food Limitation
• The role of food patchiness in driving deep-sea biodiversity
• Experimental tests of productivity/diversity relationships
• How energetic niches drive local scale diversity patterns
2.Metabolic controls of oceanic and global diversity gradients
• How the strength of these relationships relates to the metabolic demand of the clade
• How do metabolic controls impact phylogenetic, functional, and species diversity
patterns
3. Adaptations and tradeoffs in marine invertebrates in response to carbon variability
• The suite of physiological traits that makes species adapted to particular levels
productivity
• Carbon availability and trophic adaptations
4. The evolution of metabolism
• Whether the relationship mass-scaling of metabolic rate has evolved through time?
• What is the rate of the evolution?
• Is the relationship constrained?
• Whether there have been discrete transitions between alternate evolutionary optima?
Future Research Directions
62. Acknowledgements
• Collaborators: Jim Barry, Jeff
Nekola, James Brown, Michael Rex,
Andrew Allen, Derek Tittensor, Jon
Payne, Josh Auld,
• Technicians: Linda Kuhnz, Patrick
Whaling, Kurt Buck, Chris Lovera
• Undergraduates: Candace Leong,
Mickie Ream, Taylor Gullet, Justine
Jackson Ricketts, Ryan Filler
• Graduate Students: Meghan Balk
• Complete Sizing Ocean Giants Team
• Crews of the R/V Pt Lobos, R/V
Western Flyer, ROV Tiburon, and
ROV Ventana
National Evolutionary
Synthesis Center
Monterey Bay Aquarium
Research Institute