Evolution of human diet- From paleolithic age to Industrial revolution which brings lots of changes in lifestyle and increases communicable disease incidences.

1. EVOLUTION OF HUMAN DIET

2. OBJECTIVES
 To know about the evolution of human nutrition.
 To study the health ramifications of foods in the
Neolithic and industrial eras.
 To know about the agriculture revolution.
 To study the relation between evolution of diet
and disease incidence.

3. EVOLUTION
Evolution refers to change through time as
species become modified and diverge to
produce multiple descendant species.
Evolution is change in
the heritable characteristics of biological
populations over successive generations.
Evolutionary processes give rise
to biodiversity at every level of biological
organization, including the levels of species,
individual organisms, and molecules.

4. NATURAL SELECTION

5. NATURAL SELECTION
 Natural selection is the differential survival
and reproduction of individuals due to
differences in phenotype. It is a key
mechanism of evolution, the change
in heritable traits of a population over
time. Charles Darwin popularize the term
"natural selection", and compared it
with artificial selection.

6. VARIATION

7. VARIATION
 Variation exists within all populations of organisms.
This occurs partly because random mutations arise in
the genome of an individual organism,
and offspring can inherit such mutations. Throughout
the lives of the individuals, their genomes interact
with their environments to cause variations in traits.
 The environment of a genome includes the
molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other
individuals, populations, species, as well as the
abiotic environment. Individuals with certain variants
of the trait may survive and reproduce more than
individuals with other, less successful, variants;
therefore, the population evolves.

8. ANCESTRAL DIET

9. TIMELINE OF DIETARY SHIFTS IN THE HUMANLINE OF
EVOLUTION

11. Agriculture
revolution
Industrial
revolution

15. THE AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION

16. There have been major changes in the human diet all over the world.
1. Refined grains -
 Prior to the Industrial Revolution some 200 years ago, the vast
majority of cereal grains consumed worldwide were in the form of
whole grains
 However, this changed when stone milling tools started getting
replaced by automated sifting devices and mechanized steel roller
mills, something that allowed for easier removal of the bran and
germ occurs.
 Today, most of the cereal grains consumed worldwide is of the
refined type, lower in fiber and micronutrients compared to
wholegrain.
2. Alcohol
 Recent evidence suggests that a genetic mutation that arose
approximately 10 MYA equipped our primate ancestors with a
markedly enhanced ability to metabolize ethanol, which suggests
that our ancestors may have ingested small amounts of alcohol in
the form of fruits that had undergone natural fermentation long
before human-directed fermentation began.
The Industrial Revolution and Modern Era

17. 3. Domesticated fatty meats and refined vegetable
oils
 The Neolithic practice of storing and eating concentrated sources
of animal saturated fatty acids in the form of butter, cheese, etc.
and a dramatic increase in the consumption of refined vegetable
oils over the last century are two other key factors that have
contributed to the profound changes in the fatty acid composition
of human diets over the last 12,000 years .
4. Refined sugars –
 Honey was one of the few concentrated sources of sugar
available to our ancestors prior to the first production of sucrose
 The worldwide consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS),
a sweetener made by processing corn syrup to increase the level
of fructose, has increased dramatically since the late 1970s

18. TO BE CONTINUED……………

19. OUR FOOD IN FUTURE

20.  Thank You

21. Made by
Arunima Das