The document discusses a presentation given by Dr. Staffan Lindeberg on the relationship between Western diets and Western diseases. It notes that populations consuming traditional diets, such as those on the Trobriand Islands, have a striking absence of diseases common in Western societies like heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. Despite factors like smoking and a high saturated fat intake from coconuts, these populations remain healthy. The document attributes this to their high intake of starchy tubers and fish, and low intake of grains and dairy. It suggests current nutritional advice could be revised based on evolutionary perspectives on human diets.

1. Ancestral Health Symposium, LA, August 2011Food and Western DiseaseStaffan Lindeberg MD PhDCenter for Primary Health Care ResearchLund University, Sweden

2. Western diseases:Cardiovascular diseasesdiabetes obesityhypertensiondementiacancersosteoporosisricketsiron deficiencyautoimmune diseasesgastroesophageal refluxirritable bowel syndromeand many othersLindeberg S. Food and Western Disease. Wiley-Blackwell 2010

3. The basis of nutritional advice

4. The basis of nutritional adviceStoriesS. GrahamA. LaneJ.H. KelloggD. BurkittBattle CreekM. Bircher-Benner

5. The basis of nutritional adviceStoriesA. Brillat-SavarinC. BernardW. BantingR. Atkins

6. The basis of nutritional adviceStories

7. MoneyThe basis of nutritional adviceStories

8. Money

9. Science

10. Epidemiology

11. Molecular biology

12. Clinical trialsPlacebo bread, real meatReal bread, placebo meat

13. The basis of nutritional adviceStories

14. Money

15. Science

16. Epidemiology

17. Molecular biology

18. Clinical trials

19. Evolutionary medicineThe basis of nutritional adviceStories

20. Money

21. Science

22. Epidemiology

23. Molecular biology

24. Clinical trials

25. Evolutionary medicineThe Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea

26. The Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea

27. The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaKitavatropical island, 4 x 7 km

28. 2,300 inhabitants (in 1990); 6% 60-96 years

29. diet: cultivated tubers (yam, sweet potato, taro, tapioka), fruit, fish, nuts and leafy vegetables — no western food

30. regular physical activity: ~1.7 x BMR13Estimated amount of foods consumed by Kitavan adults in Nov-Dec 1990Daily intake Total Protein Fat CHO Energy(medians) (g) (g) (g) (g) (kJ)Tubers 1200 25 2 300 5600Fruit 400 3 <1 50 920Coconut 110 4 43 7 1865Fish 85Pork <1 - - - -Other meat <2 - - - -Other 200 5 <1 14 360Western food <1 0 <1 <1 20Total 2 000 54 50 370 9200Lindeberg S et al. AJCN 1997;66:845

31. The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

32. consistent with earlier observations (Schiefenhövel, Jüptner)The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

33. consistent with earlier observations (Schiefenhövel, Jüptner)

34. consistent with studies in Melanesia(Breinl -15, Clements -36, Devine -46, Backhouse -58, Whyte -58, Barnes -61, Campbell and Arthur -64, Dewdney -65, Kariks -67, Vines -70, Aiken -74, Hornabrook -74, Mathews -74, Page -74, Somers -74, Sinnett -77, Korner -80, Palmer -82, Ree -82)

35. consistent with studies in Africa(Donnison -29, Vint -37, Muwazi -44, Davies -48, Thomas -60, Trowell -60, Reef -62, Seftel -63, Tejada -68, Dodu -72, Edginton -72, Okuwobi -72, Shaper -72, Walker -75, Truswell -76, Isaacson -77, Trowell -81)

36. consistent with studies in South America (Groom -71, Connor -78, Baruzzi -81)

37. consistent with studies in the Arctic (Price -36, Kromann -80, Schaefer -81, Dyerberg -89)The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

38. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

39. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

40. consistent with earlier observations (Schiefenhövel, Jüptner)The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

41. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

42. consistent with earlier observations (Schiefenhövel, Jüptner)

43. consistent with studies in East Africa (Trowell -81, Muwazi -44)Table. Incidence of stroke as proportion of acute neurologic disease in Kampala, Uganda.

44. The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

45. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

46. consistent with earlier observations (Schiefenhövel, Jüptner)

47. consistent with studies in East Africa (Trowell -81, Muwazi -44)

48. consistent with studies in Papua New Guinea (Breinl -15, Clements -36, Backhouse -58, Campbell -64, Dewdney -65, Stanhope -69, Vines -70, Sinnett -73, Hornabrook -74, Hornabrook -75, Nagurney -75, Sinnett, PF -77, Palmer -82, Ree -82)Fig. Stroke incidence per 1000 person-years in the 1990s among selected westernized populations.Feigin VI et al. Lancet Neurol 2003;2:43

49. The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

50. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

51. diabetes type 2 (Lindeberg S et al. Metabolism 1999;48:1216)Fig. Fasting serum glucosein Kitava and Sweden.

52. The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

53. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

54. diabetes type 2 (Lindeberg S et al. Metabolism 1999;48:1216)

55. overweight (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1994;236:331)The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

56. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

57. diabetes type 2 (Lindeberg S et al. Metabolism 1999;48:1216)

58. overweight (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1994;236:331)

59. hypertension (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1994;236:331)Table. Blood pressure at age 40-60 years among hunter-gatherers, in Kitava and in Sweden (mm Hg, mean ± standard deviation)(modified from Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1994;236:331).

60. The Trobriand Islands, Papua New GuineaStriking absence of Western diseasemyocardial infarction (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

61. stroke (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1993;233:269)

62. diabetes type 2 (Lindeberg S et al. Metabolism 1999;48:1216)

63. overweight (Lindeberg S et al. J Intern Med 1994;236:331)