1) A new study found that adding more fiber to the diet can shift gut microbiome profiles in a way linked to leanness.
2) When microbes are starved of fiber, they may feed on the gut's protective mucus layer, potentially triggering inflammation.
3) The Western diet is low in fiber compared to our evolutionary past, containing about 15 grams daily versus an estimated 100 grams for hunter-gatherers. This likely impacts the gut microbiome.
Evolution in the news (BIOL415) Spring 2014Kevin B Hugins
Mini presentation on current news stories for BIOL 415
This news article was about a journal article published in Nature Communications on April 15, 2014. The article is the result of research that was led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The purpose of the research was to study the co-evolution of humans and gut microbiota and examine adaptation that resulted in groups that had different diets. The primary group of interest was a hunter-gatherer group located in Tanzania known as Hadza. This is one of the few remaining true foraging populations in the world. The Hadza diet consists of baobab, game meat, honey, berries and tubers. Hadza do not consume any agricultural crops or livestock.
Science Cabaret by Dr. Rodney Dietert "How to train your super organism..via ...Kitty Gifford
Attendees (and their microbes) at this event enjoyed a lively discussion on how we might better interact with our environment to support a healthier life for ourselves and our children. Think with your microbes about why we have to suffer from ever-increasing numbers of debilitating chronic diseases (asthma, food allergies, diabetes, autoimmune conditions, obesity, heart disease and cancer).
with Dr. Rodney Dietert, Cornell University Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Dr. Rodney Dietert is an internationally-known author, lecturer, scientist, book series editor, and educator. He is the author of Strategies for Protecting Your Child’s Immune System, and Science Sifting: Tools for Innovation in Science and Technology.
Your body is home to three pounds of germs, a rich microbiome that weighs as much as your brain! Thanks to the recent plummeting cost of gene sequencing, scientists are just now discovering how important these microbes are to health and wellness, with surprising links to conditions ranging from obesity, autism, allergies, depression, and much more. We’ll discuss the latest developments, and show how new, low-cost testing kits can help you learn more about — and reshape — your own unique microbiome.
Mapping the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease Using Sequencing, Supe...Larry Smarr
Invited Talk Delivered by Mehrdad Yazdani, Calit2 Ayasdi Sponsored Lunch & Learn American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) San Diego Convention Center October 19, 2014
Evolution in the news (BIOL415) Spring 2014Kevin B Hugins
Mini presentation on current news stories for BIOL 415
This news article was about a journal article published in Nature Communications on April 15, 2014. The article is the result of research that was led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The purpose of the research was to study the co-evolution of humans and gut microbiota and examine adaptation that resulted in groups that had different diets. The primary group of interest was a hunter-gatherer group located in Tanzania known as Hadza. This is one of the few remaining true foraging populations in the world. The Hadza diet consists of baobab, game meat, honey, berries and tubers. Hadza do not consume any agricultural crops or livestock.
Science Cabaret by Dr. Rodney Dietert "How to train your super organism..via ...Kitty Gifford
Attendees (and their microbes) at this event enjoyed a lively discussion on how we might better interact with our environment to support a healthier life for ourselves and our children. Think with your microbes about why we have to suffer from ever-increasing numbers of debilitating chronic diseases (asthma, food allergies, diabetes, autoimmune conditions, obesity, heart disease and cancer).
with Dr. Rodney Dietert, Cornell University Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Dr. Rodney Dietert is an internationally-known author, lecturer, scientist, book series editor, and educator. He is the author of Strategies for Protecting Your Child’s Immune System, and Science Sifting: Tools for Innovation in Science and Technology.
Your body is home to three pounds of germs, a rich microbiome that weighs as much as your brain! Thanks to the recent plummeting cost of gene sequencing, scientists are just now discovering how important these microbes are to health and wellness, with surprising links to conditions ranging from obesity, autism, allergies, depression, and much more. We’ll discuss the latest developments, and show how new, low-cost testing kits can help you learn more about — and reshape — your own unique microbiome.
Mapping the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease Using Sequencing, Supe...Larry Smarr
Invited Talk Delivered by Mehrdad Yazdani, Calit2 Ayasdi Sponsored Lunch & Learn American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) San Diego Convention Center October 19, 2014
Ellen Kamhi, PhD RN, The Natural Nurse, Leaky Gut is also called Compromised Intestinal Permeability, due to loss of integrity of the tight junctions between cells in the intestinal mucosa, and is well documented in the scientific literature. See my document Role of Intestinal Permeability in the Inflammatory Process. This condition should be addressed by all health care providers.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
Evolution in the news: Power point presentation (BIOL415) Spring 2014Kevin B Hugins
Mini presentation on current news stories for BIOL 415
This news article was about a journal article published in Nature Communications on April 15, 2014. The article is the result of research that was led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The purpose of the research was to study the co-evolution of humans and gut microbiota and examine adaptation that resulted in groups that had different diets. The primary group of interest was a hunter-gatherer group located in Tanzania known as Hadza. This is one of the few remaining true foraging populations in the world. The Hadza diet consists of baobab, game meat, honey, berries and tubers. Hadza do not consume any agricultural crops or livestock.
Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 improved "gut health" in the SHIME(R) reactorEnrique Moreno Gonzalez
How to maintain “gut health” is a goal for scientists throughout the world. Therefore, microbiota management models for testing probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been developed.
Friend or Foe: The Microbiome in Autoimmunity DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 presents The Microbiome: Sorting the Hype from the Hope at Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 23rd International Molecular Med TRI-CON 2016 in San Francisco, March 6, 2016.
Bringing two scientists from the Sonnenburg and Knight Lab, and four microbiome companies, DrBonnie360 moderates a short course on all you need to know about the microbiome and whether it will be your best friend or your worst enemy.
As DrBonnie360's work surrounds autoimmune diseases, the microbiome proves to be one of the lifelines autoimmunity could use to cross the autoimmune abyss. Presented in this slideshare is a carefully curated set of research on autoimmune and the microbiome.
VHIR Seminar led by Joel Doré. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Think Science: Microbiome - Dr. Michael OlivierNathan Cone
As presented at Texas Public Radio's Think Science live event at the Pearl Studio on May 19, 2017. Dr. Michael Olivier presents on the research Texas BioMed is doing to examine how the microbiome affects overall health.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Fecal Microbiota Transplant. A new hope fo...Find Good Health
IBDs including irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) or ulcerative colitis (uc) are a set of diseases developing into an epidemic. The unusual and recent rise in these kind of diseases most notably on developed countries point to a recent and area specific etiology, not a better healthcare and diagnosis.
Recent researchs are pointing to a healthier immune system and intestinal flora in undeveloped countries' population and an imbalance in our gut flora caused by excessive use of antibiotics.
For more information about health and wellbeing visit our site at:
http://findgoodhealth.org/
The Emerging Personalized Medicine Paradigm of Time-Series Tracking of Mind, ...Larry Smarr
Invited Zoom Remote Lecture
For Sara Gottfried, MD Personalized Medicine for Mental Health Course
Integrative Psychiatry Institute
Recorded June 28, 2022
Ellen Kamhi, PhD RN, The Natural Nurse, Leaky Gut is also called Compromised Intestinal Permeability, due to loss of integrity of the tight junctions between cells in the intestinal mucosa, and is well documented in the scientific literature. See my document Role of Intestinal Permeability in the Inflammatory Process. This condition should be addressed by all health care providers.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
Evolution in the news: Power point presentation (BIOL415) Spring 2014Kevin B Hugins
Mini presentation on current news stories for BIOL 415
This news article was about a journal article published in Nature Communications on April 15, 2014. The article is the result of research that was led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The purpose of the research was to study the co-evolution of humans and gut microbiota and examine adaptation that resulted in groups that had different diets. The primary group of interest was a hunter-gatherer group located in Tanzania known as Hadza. This is one of the few remaining true foraging populations in the world. The Hadza diet consists of baobab, game meat, honey, berries and tubers. Hadza do not consume any agricultural crops or livestock.
Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 improved "gut health" in the SHIME(R) reactorEnrique Moreno Gonzalez
How to maintain “gut health” is a goal for scientists throughout the world. Therefore, microbiota management models for testing probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been developed.
Friend or Foe: The Microbiome in Autoimmunity DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 presents The Microbiome: Sorting the Hype from the Hope at Cambridge Healthtech Institute's 23rd International Molecular Med TRI-CON 2016 in San Francisco, March 6, 2016.
Bringing two scientists from the Sonnenburg and Knight Lab, and four microbiome companies, DrBonnie360 moderates a short course on all you need to know about the microbiome and whether it will be your best friend or your worst enemy.
As DrBonnie360's work surrounds autoimmune diseases, the microbiome proves to be one of the lifelines autoimmunity could use to cross the autoimmune abyss. Presented in this slideshare is a carefully curated set of research on autoimmune and the microbiome.
VHIR Seminar led by Joel Doré. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Think Science: Microbiome - Dr. Michael OlivierNathan Cone
As presented at Texas Public Radio's Think Science live event at the Pearl Studio on May 19, 2017. Dr. Michael Olivier presents on the research Texas BioMed is doing to examine how the microbiome affects overall health.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Fecal Microbiota Transplant. A new hope fo...Find Good Health
IBDs including irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) or ulcerative colitis (uc) are a set of diseases developing into an epidemic. The unusual and recent rise in these kind of diseases most notably on developed countries point to a recent and area specific etiology, not a better healthcare and diagnosis.
Recent researchs are pointing to a healthier immune system and intestinal flora in undeveloped countries' population and an imbalance in our gut flora caused by excessive use of antibiotics.
For more information about health and wellbeing visit our site at:
http://findgoodhealth.org/
The Emerging Personalized Medicine Paradigm of Time-Series Tracking of Mind, ...Larry Smarr
Invited Zoom Remote Lecture
For Sara Gottfried, MD Personalized Medicine for Mental Health Course
Integrative Psychiatry Institute
Recorded June 28, 2022
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
These slides covers in detail on the things you can do to optimise your microbiome. From diversifying your dietary intake to having exercising routines and checking your habits; taking care of your microbiome will significantly boost your health and well-being. In short: a healthy microbiome gives a healthy you.
Think Science: Microbiome - Dr. Lawrence HobermanNathan Cone
As presented at Texas Public Radio's Think Science live event at the Pearl Studio on May 19, 2017. Dr. Lawrence Hoberman on Leaky Gut and the human microbiome.
4 TUFTS UNIVERSITY HEALTH & NUTRITION LETTER www.tuftshealthl.docxgilbertkpeters11344
4 TUFTS UNIVERSITY HEALTH & NUTRITION LETTER <www.tuftshealthletter.com> : NOVEMBER 2011
SpecialReport
Though “probiotics” have only recently passed the 8 million mark in Google hits, these “good bacte-
ria” have been touted for their health
benefits in many cultures for more than
a century. An early 20th-century scien-
tist, Russian biologist and Nobel Prize
winner Elie Metchnikoff, first studied
them after noticing that Bulgarians and
Russians lived exceptionally long lives
on diets including fermented dairy.
In the late 20th and early 21st cen-
tury, interest in probiotics has boomed.
From 1994 to 2003, US sales of prio-
botic supplements nearly tripled. Food
products containing probiotics have
proliferated throughout the supermar-
ket, including yogurt, fermented and
unfermented milk, miso, tempeh, juices
and soy beverages. Some of these foods
get their “good bacteria” naturally,
while others have the bacteria added in
processing.
It’s important to keep in mind that,
whether probiotics come in pill form or
added to foods, they are regulated as
foods, not medicines. As a result, when
probiotic health claims have gone too far
out on a limb, the manufacturers usually
run afoul of the Federal Trade Commis-
sion, which regulates false advertising,
not the Food and Drug Administration.
So what should you make of these
claims? Are probiotics right for you?
Friendly Bacteria
Though “bacteria” sounds like some-thing to stay far away from, the human body relies on “friendly”
bacteria for healthy operation. The
human gastrointestinal tract alone
contains more than 400 different bacte-
rial species. They work to maintain a
healthy gut lining; we depend on them
to produce vitamins and to suppress
bad bacteria. They’re also used to break
down food and produce the lactase en-
zyme necessary to digest milk. (People
who are lactose intolerant are deficient
in this enzyme.)
Probiotics, according to the World
Health Organization, are “live micro-
organisms, which, when administered
in adequate amounts, confer a health
benefit on the host.” There are four
main families of probiotics: Lactobacil-
lus and Bifidobacterium provide the
most commonly used “good bacteria,”
while others belong to the Saccharo-
myces (actually yeasts, a different type
of microorganism) and Streptococcus
groups. Despite the scary associations
with the term “Streptococcus,” a form
of that bacteria—Streptococcus ther-
mophilus—was the original probiotic,
a yogurt starter popularized by Metch-
nikoff in a book on longevity research,
The Prolongation of Life.
Within each family are individual
strains of microorganisms—the names
you might see when looking on the back
of a yogurt cup, for instance. Among
the more common are Lactobacillus
acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum
and Lactobacillus reuteri. Strains of
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have
especially been highlighted in studies as
therapeutic for various gastrointest.
What's the connection between gut health and weight loss? As a Holistic Trainer & Nutritionist Shawn shares his knowledge, improve your good gut bacteria now!
At the end of the lecture, the students will be able to:
Identify the indications for colostomy and the different types of colostomies.
Explain the importance of colostomy care and the steps in colostomy care.
Summarize the risks associated with a colostomy.
Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the inter-professional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients with a colostomy.
World Digestive Health Day 2024 and .pptxHasanQamar1
“World digestive Health Day advocates the necessity of a healthy diet in the promotion of optimal gastrointestinal function and microbiome health. The goal is to promote a healthy lifestyle and improve understanding of the importance of a healthy gastrointestinal (GI) tract”
The GI tract is an essential organ that provides nutrients, enhances the immune response, and houses the intestinal microbiota. Comprehending the normal functions of the GI tract and diet can help identify when to seek GI care for symptoms
Similar to Fiber famished gut microbes linked to poor health (20)
If you ask people why they exercise, most will say to stay healthy, keep fit, or because it makes them feel good. https://www.verywellfit.com/improve-your-flexibility-with-yoga-3567220
This is part of a series looking at micro skills – changes that employees can make to improve their health and life at work and at home, and employers can make to improve the workplace.
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/careers/workplace-award/article-make-small-changes-to-improve-your-health-and-fitness/
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
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H E A L T H
Fiber-Famished Gut Microbes Linked to Poor Health
While probiotics receive more attention, key fibers remain the workhorses in maintaining a healthy gut
microbiome
SUBSCRIBE
By Katherine Harmon Courage on March 23, 2015 Véalo en español
2. Fiber has long been linked to better health, but new research shows how the gut microbiota might play a
role in this pattern. Credit: Joe Belanger/Thinkstock
3. KEYSTONE, Colo.—Your gut is the site of constant turf wars. Hundreds of bacterial
species—along with fungi, archaea and viruses—do battle daily, competing for resources.
Some companies advocate for consuming more probiotics, live beneficial bacteria, to
improve microbial communities in our gut, but more and more research supports the idea
that the most powerful approach might be to better feed the good bacteria we already
harbor. Their meal of choice? Fiber.
Fiber has long been linked to better health, but new research shows how the gut
microbiota might play a role in this pattern. One investigation discovered that adding
more fiber to the diet can trigger a shift from a microbial profile linked to obesity to one
correlated with a leaner physique. Another recent study shows that when microbes are
starved of fiber, they can start to feed on the protective mucus lining of the gut, possibly
triggering inflammation and disease.
"Diet is one of the most powerful tools we have for changing the microbiota," Justin
Sonnenburg, a biologist at Stanford University, said earlier this month at a Keystone
Symposia conference on the gut microbiome. "Dietary fiber and diversity of the microbiota
complement each other for better health outcomes." In particular, beneficial microbes
AD VERTIS EMENT
4. feast on fermentable fibers—which can come from various vegetables, whole grains and
other foods—that resist digestion by human-made enzymes as they travel down the
digestive tract. These fibers arrive in the large intestine relatively intact, ready to be
devoured by our microbial multitudes. Microbes can extract the fiber's extra energy,
nutrients, vitamins and other compounds for us. Short-chain fatty acids obtained from
fiber are of particular interest, as they have been linked to improved immune function,
decreased inflammation and protection against obesity.
Today's Western diet, however, is exceedingly fiber-poor by historical standards. It
contains roughly 15 grams of fiber daily, Sonnenburg noted. For most of our early history
as hunter-gatherers, we were likely eating close to 10 times that amount of fiber each day.
"Imagine the effect that has on our microbiota over the course of our evolution," he said.
Your bugs are what you eat
Not all helpful fiber, however, needs to come from the roots and roughage for which our
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5. ancestors foraged, new research suggests. Kelly Swanson, a professor of comparative
nutrition at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and his team found that
simply adding a fiber-enriched snack bar to subjects' daily diets could swing microbial
profiles in a matter of weeks. In a small study of 21 healthy adults with average U.S. fiber
intake, one daily fiber snack bar (containing 21 grams of fiber) for three weeks significantly
increased the number of Bacteroidetes bacteria and decreased the number of Firmicutes
compared with levels before the study or after three weeks of eating fiber-free bars. Such a
ratio—of more Bacteroidetes to fewer Firmicutes—is correlated with lower BMI. The
findings were published in the January issue of the American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition.
"We've known forever that if you eat a lot of fiber, you lose weight," Swanson says. His and
other recent studies suggest that our gut microbes are a key player in this relationship. In
addition to identifying groups of bacteria, a genome scan revealed a shifting pattern of
genes active in the gut microbes. As fiber consumption increased, the activity of genes
associated with protein metabolism declined, a finding that researchers hope will help
them understand the complicated puzzle of diet and weight loss. "We're getting closer to
what is actually cause and effect," Swanson says.
Feed the microbes so they don't feed on you
As gut microbes are starved of fermentable fiber, some do die off. Others, however, are
6. able to switch to another food source in the gut: the mucus lining that helps keep the gut
wall intact and free from infection.
In a recent study presented at the Keystone meeting, Eric Martens of the University of
Michigan Medical School, postdoctoral researcher Mahesh Desai and their colleagues
found that this fuel switch had striking consequences in rodents. A group of mice fed a
high-fiber diet had healthy gut lining, but for mice on a fiber-free diet, "the mucus layer
becomes dramatically diminished," he explained at the meeting. This shift might
sometimes have severe health consequences. Research by a Swedish team, published last
year in the journal Gut, showed a link between bacteria penetrating the mucus layer and
ulcerative colitis, a painful chronic bowel disease.
A third group of mice received high-fiber chow and fiber-free chow on alternating days
—"like what we would do if we were being bad and eating McDonald's one day and eating
our whole grains the next," Martens joked. Even the part-time high-fiber diet was not
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7. enough to keep guts healthy: these mice had a mucus layer about half the thickness of mice
on the consistently high-fiber diet. If we can extend these results to humans, he said, it
"tells us that even eating your whole fiber foods every other day is still not enough to
protect you. You need to eat a high-fiber diet every day to keep a healthy gut." Along the
same lines, Swanson's group found that the gut microbiomes of his adult subjects reverted
back to initial profiles as soon as the high-fiber bars were discontinued.
Martens and his colleagues also observed that mice on the consistently high-fiber diet
consumed fewer calories and were slimmer than those on the fiber-free diet, showing that
fiber benefits the body in multiple ways. "Studies like this are great because it's getting at
the mechanisms to explain why fiber is beneficial," Swanson says.
As all this work underscores, the gut microbiome is exceptionally plastic. Such rapid, diet-
influenced changes likely served us well over the course of our evolutionary history—
shifting faster than our own physiology could, wrote Justin Sonnenburg and Erica
Sonnenburg in a November 2014 article in Cell Metabolism. "In delegating part of our
digestion and calorie harvest to our gut residents, the microbial part of our biology could
easily adjust to day-to-day or season-to-season variation in available food," they noted.
New studies continue to demonstrate that microbial changes due to diet are "largely
reversible on short time scales." But the question remains as to how chronic low-fiber
intake—over a lifetime or generations—might permanently alter our guts and our health.
8. Rights & Permissions
A B O UT THE AU T H O R ( S )
Katherine Harmon Courage
Katherine Harmon Courage is a freelance journalist. Her first book, Octopus! The
Most Mysterious Creature in the Sea (Current/Penguin, 2013), examines that
animal's famed intelligence. Her forthcoming book Cultured explores the
microbiome and food.
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May 13, 2013
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