1. Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. 2. It is usually caused by viral or bacterial infection, with common bacteria being Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. 3. Symptoms include high fever, nausea, vomiting, irritability, photophobia, and headache. Increased intracranial pressure can also occur.

2. SUB:-MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING
TOPIC:-
“MENINGITIS”
PRESENTED BY-
OM VERMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
RELIANCE INSTITUTE OF
NURSING

7. MENINGITIS

8.  [2] The term meningitis usually refer
to inflammation of the subarachnoid
space & is most commonly transmitted
through contact with on infected
individual .
ACCORDING TO BRUNNER &
SUDDARTH:
Meningitis is an inflammation of
meninges, the protective membrane
that surrounds the brain & spinal cord .It
is classified as aseptic & septic.

9.  Meningitis is an inflammation of the pia
matter and archnoid membrane that
surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
 Meningitis is a purulent infection caused
by bacteria or virus invasion of diameter,
archnoid & subarchnoid space
surrounding the brain &spinal cord.

10. INCIDENS:-
[1] Hemophilus influenzae in children
b/w ages of 2-5yrs.
[2] Streptococcus pneumonia in people
over 30 yrs.
[3] Neisseria meningitidis in those b/w 5-
30 yrs.

12. ETIOLOGY:-
[1] Hemophillus influenzae.

13. Streptococcus & neisseria virus.

14. [3] E.coli pseudomonas proteus.

15. Con……
 Immune System Deficiencies
 Age
 Skull Fracture
 Penetrating HeadWound
 Otitis
 Lumbar Puncture

16. ETIOLOGY

18. TYPS OF MENINGITIS:-
[1] ASEPTIC :- The aseptic from
may be viral infection in the brain.

19. [2] PYOGENIC :-The septic from is
caused by bacteria such as as neisseria
meningitis.

20. [3] TUBERCULOSIS:- It is caused
by mycobacterium tubercles.

27. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

28. Pathophysiology
Organism AndViruses ReachThe Nervous System
↓ By Blood Stream
Bacteria InThe Nasopharynx EnterThe Blood Stream DuringAn Upper Respiratory
Infection.
↓ Reaches Brain
CSF InThe Subarchnoid Space 7The Archnoid Membrane Become Infected.
↓ Infection Spread Rapidly
ThroughThe Meninges And Eventually InvaderTheVentricles.
↓ Inflammatory ResponseTo Infection
Increases CSF ProductionWith An Increase In Pressure.
↓ In Bacterial Meningitis
The Purulent Secretion Produced Quickly.
↓
Cerebral Edema & ICP Increases.
↓ Results
Hyperemia Of MeningealVerses
↓ Occurs
Edema Of BrainTissue Increase ICP.
↓ LeadsTo
Inflammation Reaction Exudation Of WBC Cells Into Subarchnoid.

29. OTHER
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

31. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:-
[1] High grade fever
[2] nausea & vomiting

32. [3] irritability
[4]excessive crying

33. [5] photophobia
[6] Seizure

34. [7] stupor
[8] hypertension

35. [9]Brisk deep tendon
[10] increase intracranial pressure

36. [11] Head banging
[12] Septicemia

42. INVESTIGATION :-
 [1] History taking
 [2] physical examination

43. [3] Blood culture
[4] Computer tomography

44. [5]Cerebral spinal fluid test
[6] M.R.I

45. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 Antibiotic drug
Steroid therapy
Intavenouse fluid
Maintain intra cranial pressure
Antiepileptic drug

51. Nursing Management
 Nursing Assessment
 Obtain a history of recent infection such as upper
respiratory infection and exposure to causative
agent.
 Assess neurologic status and vital signs.
 Evaluate for signs of meaninges irritation.
 Assess sensory neural hearing loss cranial nerve
damage.

52. Nursing Diagnosis
Hyperthermia related to the infections
process and cerebral edema.
Risk for inbalance fluid volume related to
fever and decreased intake.
In effective tissue prefusion related to
infection process and cerebral edema.
Acute pain related to meningeal irritation.

53. Nursing Intervention
Reducing fever.
Maintaining fluid balance.
Enhancing cerebral perfusion.
Reducing pain.

54. COMPLICATION:-
[1] shock
[2] myocarditis
[3] subdural empyema
[4] hydrocephalus
]5 ] Brain abscess
[6] speech problem
[7] blindness

55. Heath Education
Explain importance of personal hygiene to
prevent further infection.
Encourage the patient to follow medication
regimes as directed to fully eradicate the
infectious agent.
Encourage to follow up and prompt attention
to infection in future.
Auditory & visual & mental checkup should
be arsersed to maintain proper growth and
development.