MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING - II BSC NURSING III YEAR EYE DISORDER

1. Mr. Manikandan.T,
RN., RM., M.Sc(N)., D.C.A .,(Ph.D)
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing,
VMCON, Puducherry.

2. • In refractive errors, vision is impaired because
a shortened or elongated eyeball prevents
light rays from focusing sharply on the retina.
• Shape of the eye does not bend correctly,
resulting in blurred image.

3. • Myopia : Nearsightedness (parallel rays of light
coming from infinity are focused in front of
retina)
• Hyperopia : Farsightedness(parallel rays of light
coming from infinity are focused behind retina)
• Presbyopia: loss of near vision with age
• Astigmatism: front surface of the eye or the lens
inside the eye is curved differently in one
direction than the other.(near and long
sightedness)

5. • Infection – adeno virus
• Injury – optic nerve damage
• U-V Radiation
• Eye diseases
• Inherited
• Aging
• Environmental factors
• Previous corneal injury
• Previous eye surgery
• DM

6. • Double vision
• Haziness(unclearness)
• Glare (halos around bright light) bright circles
that surround a light source, like headlights
• Squinting (eyes do not look in same direction)
• Headache
• Eye strain – blurred vision, haeadche
• Eye irritation

7. DIAGNOSIS
• H.C
• P/E
• Corneal topogarphy: computerised test maps
the curve of cornea
• Slit lamp exam – dilated pupil
• Tonometry: IOP
• Ophthalmoscope : to view retina
• Retinoscopy: identify fall of rays on retina

8. • Use sunglasses
• Prevent foreign bodies
• Antibiotics
• Cycloplegic drugs to paralize ciliary muscles
• Cholinergic(miotics): pilocarpine, carbachol –
increases aqueous fluid outflow by contracting
ciliary muscles
• Beta blockers : betaxolol, timolol – decreases
aqueous fluid production

9. Lens correction

10. • Photo Refractive Keratotomy (PRK): A layer of cornea tissue is
removed with laser, which flattens cornea and allows light
rays to focus on retina
• Ortho keratology (Keratomileusis): special contact lenses must
be worn that slowly reshapes the cornea to correct myopia

11. Cont.,
• LASIK(Laser Assisted In situ Kerato-mileusis): this procedure
used to treat near and farsightedness. A laser is used to
reshape the cornea by making a flap in surface of cornea or
removing upper layer of cornea.
• Automatic Lame – LLAR keratoplasty (ALK): abnormal corneal
tissue is replaced by health donor

12. Cont.,
• Laser Assisted Sub Epithelial Keratomileusis(LASEK): A laser is
used to remove the epithelial layer of eye.
• Refractive IOL : implantation of small plastic lens after removal
of natural lens to correct myopia & Presbyopia
• Phakic IOL: implant the lens over natural lens to correct myopia
& hyperopia