The document discusses the principles of pre-operative and post-operative care. It describes the three phases of perioperative care - preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase involves preparing the patient both physically and emotionally for surgery through education, nutritional management, hygiene, testing, and informed consent. The postoperative phase focuses on monitoring the patient, administering medications, maintaining hygiene and comfort, and teaching home care before discharge. The goal of perioperative care is to safely prepare, care for, and recover the patient before, during and after surgical intervention.

1. PRINCIPLES OF
PRE AND POST
OPERATIVE CARE
PRESENTED BY:
HARJOT KAUR
BSC.(N) 3RD YEAR
ROLL NO.:13

2. The period extending from the time of
hospitalization for surgery to the time of
discharge is the perioperative phase.
It includes care of patient prior to
surgery:
Preoperative phase
Intraoperative phase
Postoperative phase
INTRODUCTION

3. PERIOPERATIVE CARE
PREOPERATIVE
CARE
INTRAOPERATIVE
CARE
POSTOPERATIVE
CARE

4. The period in which patient is to be
prepared both emotionally and physically
for surgery.
Begins with decision to proceed with
surgical intervention.
Preparatory education.
PREOPERATIVE CARE

5.  Assess and correct psychological problems.
 Patient and others should be explained about
surgery.
 Management of fears related to surgery is essential.
 Nurses should be honest and truthful while
answering questions of parents and children.
 The parents and child should be oriented to the
recovery room, postoperative ward and equipment,
as the child will be kept there after surgery.
 Good communication between all members of the
health care team and patient.
PRINCIPLES FOR EMOTIONAL
PREPARATION

6. Preoperative preparation includes the following
area:
Nutrition and fluids.. Patient kept NPO from midnight
onwards before surgery.
Elimination … enema to be administered.
Hygiene.. Bath in morning to make skin free from
microbes.
Medications .. Anti emetics, sedatives, antibiotics..
Surgical skin preparation
Vital signs and laboratory test
Safety protocols
Special orders … insertion of NG tube prior to surgery,
medications etc.
PRINCIPLES FOR PHYSICAL
PREPARATION

7. Children and their parents should ne taught
those postoperative practices that they will
need to do and their role in preventing
complications, includes:
Turning in bed and early ambulation
Deep breathing exercises… prevent pneumonia or
other conditions after surgery.
Coughing… small pillow may be held tightly across
incision so as to minimize the pain.
Extremity exercises… active or passive.. Prevents
circulatory problems.
PREOPERATIVE TEACHING PRINCIPLES

8. Informed consent
Check all laboratory reports.
Make sure that identification band for the
child is attached to prevent faulty
identification.
Allow one of family member to stay with child
to prevent fear of strange.
Make sure that the child is send to the OT with
all documents and necessary precautions.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES

9. Before surgery, the client or family member
must sign a surgical form or operative permit.
Client or family members must sign the
consent before receiving any preoperative
sedatives.
The nurse must ensure that all necessary
parties have signed the consent form and that
is in the client’s chart before the client goes
to the operating room.
INFORMED CONSENT

10. Pre-operative assessment.
Obtaining informed consent.
Preoperative teaching.
Physical preparation of the patient.
Psychological preparation of the patient.
ROLE OF NURSE IN THE PREOPERATIVE
PHASE

11. The principle of safe and effective
postoperative care includes:
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte,
Maintaining oxygen saturation,
Managing pain,
Preventing postoperative complications.
POSTOPERATIVE CARE

12.  Receive child with detailed information and the case
sheet recorded accurately.
 Check vital signs.
 Maintain patent airway by keeping child inn side lying
position.
 Remove secretions if required.
 Administer oxygen if needed.
 Replacement of fluids.
 Maintain intake and output chart.
 Restrain child to prevent injury.
 Pain management.. Administer prescribed analgesics.
 Ensure guardians are with the child in recovery room.
IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE

13.  Monitor vital signs.
 Observe for hydration status, intake and output, any
drainage from surgical site, Return of bowel sounds
and level of consciousness.
 Administer medications.. Antibiotics, analgesics.
 Maintain personal hygiene.
 Ensure adequate rest, sleep and comfort.
 Early ambulation and exercises.
 Provide diversion therapy… play therapy , etc.
 plan for discharge and teach about home based
care, diet, medication and follow up.
CARE AFTER 24 HOURS OF SURGERY

14. THANK YOU