The document discusses the use of medical simulations in teaching, outlining four types: simple, mechanical, hybrid standardized patients, and virtual scenarios. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each type, focusing on how simulations can enhance learning by allowing students to practice skills, receive feedback, and improve their medical competencies. The document emphasizes the importance of structured learning objectives and the role of feedback in developing medical professionals.

1. Learning with Medical Simulations Deirdre Bonnycastle Clinical Teaching College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan

2. Objectives Upon completion of this module, participants will be able to: Describe four types of simulations Identify how simulations can improve learning

3. Task of Medical Students Learning to think like a physician Learning to act like a physician

4. Theoretical Underpinning Experts deliberately practice the art and science of medicine by having opportunities to : Reflect on their practice Create new patterns of information by connecting old and new material Correct mistakes in thinking and action Practice to the point of automaticity

5. Unconscious Incompetence Theoretical Underpinning Conscious Incompetence Unconscious Competence Conscious Competence Awareness Teaching Practice New Challenges Feedback Feedback

6. Four Types of Simulations 1. Simple 3. Standardized Patient 2. Mechanical 4. Virtual Scenario

7. Simple Simulation Examples

8. Simple What is the advantage of using simple simulation? allows practice of basic skills patient safety/comfort allows practice with minimal supervision available 24 hrs relatively inexpensive What disadvantage is there? lack of direct feedback lacks patient interactivity only useful for simple skill building

9. Simple Key teaching points Provide students with step by step written or image instructions initially Encourage peer learning/practice Use with 5 step method of teaching skills/procedures http://medicaleducation.wetpaint.com/page/5+Step+Approach+to+Teaching+Skills%2FProcedures Practice to point of automaticity for simple skill

10. Simple Mechanical Multi-task Simulated Person

11. Complex Mechanical Scenario Control Room 3D Internal Image + Simulated Person BMJ Simulation Module http://learning.bmj.com/learning/search-result.html?moduleId =6080077&searchTerm=“Simulation”&page=0

12. Mechanical Simulation What is the advantage of using mechanical simulation? allows practice of more complex skills and teamwork patient safety/comfort allows for varied levels of risk student has basic skills when they enter OR/clinic What disadvantage is there? high cost lacks patient interactivity requires supervision time consuming requires dedicated space and personnel

13. Process of Using Simulator Labs CLINICAL/HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR LAB Identify learning objective Simulator-based practice Patient Feedback Further practice as needed Competent Feedback

14. Problem: What is Medical Competence? Learned through Simple and Mechanical Simulation ? MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE CLINICAL REASONING PATIENT COMMUNICATION DEXTERITY/SKILL

15. Answer: Hybrid Standardized Patient ©Thanks to Dr. Roger Kneebone Attach a manufactured body part to an actor

16. Hybrid Standardized Patient What is the advantage of using a hybrid standardized patient? program patient reaction patient safety/comfort learn to explain procedure to patient/parents practice draping and other physical patient preparation What disadvantage is there? moderate cost time consuming requires dedicated space and personnel not appropriate for OR

17. Answer: Virtual Scenarios Second Life

18. Virtual Scenario (Information) Health Information Island

19. Virtual Scenario (Disaster) Play 2 Train

20. Virtual Scenario (Clinical Reasoning) Imperial College London http://www.elearningimperial.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=37&Itemid=58 ©Pictures thanks to Dr. Bertalan Meskó http://scienceroll.com/2008/08/17/unique-medical-simulation-in-second-life/

21. Virtual Scenario Learn more about Second Life at http://medicaleducation.wetpaint.com Click on The Networked Student and scroll down.

22. T h a n k y o u Read more about simulations here http:// www.medicine.usask.ca/faculty/cbf/medical -simulations