This document discusses effective clinical and practical skill teaching. It begins by outlining the objectives of teaching skills effectively at the workplace and using a skills lab. It then defines what a skill is and lists different types of skills. Traditional ways of teaching clinical skills like bedside teaching are discussed along with their positives and limitations. Other modalities like role playing, standardized patients, task trainers, computer-enhanced mannequins and virtual reality are presented as alternatives. Advantages and disadvantages of each are highlighted through think-pair-share activities. The educational benefits and limitations of simulation are summarized. The document concludes by emphasizing simulation as one tool among many for clinical skills teaching.

1. MEU Workshop
Effective Clinical and
Practical Skill Teaching

2. Effective Clinical and Practical Skill
teaching

3. Objectives
Teach skills effectively
Teaching skills at work place
Use a skill lab effectively

4. What is a Skill?
" A skill is a refined pattern of movement or
performance based upon and integrated
with the perceived demands of the
situation”
Cummins WD. Principles of Education psychology. New York, 1937; p.353

5. TYPES OF SKILLS ?

6. INTELLECTUAL SKILLS

7. PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS

8. COMMUNICATION / ATTITUDE SKILLS

9. TEAM SKILLS

10. Teaching clinical skills -
traditional way?
Sharing experiences

11. Basic algorithm for skill development
1. Attending a lecture.
2. Observing video demo if available
3. Observing the procedure.
4. Assisting a teacher performing.
5. Performing the skill on a patient under
supervision
6. Performing the skill independently
Feasibility ?

13. Experts, Masters and Novices
– K. Anders Ericsson, a cognitive psychologist,
The Difference
Practice, Practice and Practice

14. Skill development – Modalities
 Bed side teaching
 Role playing
 Standardized patients
 Simple task trainers
 Computer-enhanced manikins (CEMs)
 Virtual reality

15. Bed side teaching
Small group teaching
In the presence of the patient
Opportunity for skill training ??

16. Activity
Groups 1 &2 – Discuss the positives of Bed side skill
teaching
Groups 3&4 - Limitations of bedside skill teaching

17. Role playing

18. Standardized patients
Use of individuals
trained to portray the
roles of patients, family
members or others to
allow students to
practice physical exam
skills, history taking
skills, communication
skills and other
exercises.

19. •Present case
history in response
to questioning by
the student
•Undergo a limited
physical
examination at the
student's direction
During an interaction with a student
the SP may:
•Assist students in
developing their
communication and
clinical skills
•Assist students in
working through difficult
emotional situations in a
safe environment

20. Think , pair ,share
•Divide into pairs
•Think for a minute.
•One of you can focus on the Pro’s of
Standardised patient in clinical skill
training and the other on Cons of the
same.
• Exchange your thoughts.

21. Advantages
Convenience:
– provide cases at the time needed.
– more reliable
– tolerate more students than real patients.
Standardization:
– allows direct comparison of the students'
clinical skills.
Safety:
-Counseling a cancer patient.

22. Limitations
• Recruitment difficult, time consuming
• More expensive than using 'real' patients.
• Cannot simulate certain signs.
• Assess competency in limited area only.

23. “ A situation or environment created to
experience a representation of a real event
for practice, learning, evaluation, testing.”
Skills lab
/Simulation

24. Simulation provides a safe environment to
practice knowledge, skills and attitudes in
a realistic clinical situation.

25. FLIGHT SIMULATIONS

26. Simple task trainers

27. Computer enhanced mannequins

28. Advantages
•Patient Safety
•Teach integrated
approach , decision
making, teamwork
•Planned
experience of rare
events
•Standardize
curriculum
•Range of
difficulty level can
be changed
•Repetitive
practice
•Provides
feedback

29. Virtual Reality
•Advanced form of human-computer
interaction
•Allow humans to work in the
computer’s world.
•Software
•Hardware
•Input devices
•Output devices
Four necessary components

31.  Repetitive practice
 Provides feedback, debriefing
 Reproducibility
 Range of difficulty level can be changed
 Opportunity for assessment of learning
Educational benefits of
simulation

32. Limitations
• Simulation is not “real,”.
• High cost , equipment lifespan.
• Faculty training lacking.
• Feedback and debriefing a must

33. Simulation is a tool
(new, expensive and exciting)
in our educational repertoire.

34. Sharing our experiences on effective
clinical skills teaching using Skills lab

35. Rodney Peytons four step approach