The document outlines the definition of research and its methods of data collection, distinguishing between primary and secondary approaches. It details primary data collection methods such as observation, surveys, interviews, schedules, and questionnaires, with a focus on various types of observation including participant and non-participant observations. Additionally, it discusses the merits and demerits of observation as a research method.

1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi
Media Research
Paper ID-24305
Paper code-BJ(MC)305
Manmeet Kaur

2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Meaning of Research
Research refers to a search for knowledge.
A researcher is required to gather new facts or
to present the available facts in a new way.

3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Methods of Data Collection
• There are mainly two types of data collection
in Research. These are
Primary data collection approach
Secondary data collection approach

4. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Primary data collection methods
• OBSERVATION
• SURVEY
• INTERVIEW
• Schedule
• Questionnaire

5. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Observation
• MEANING:-
It’s the method of research in which the
researcher is mainly interested in studying the
behavior of the people.
FEATURES:-
systematic
Specific
Reliable
Trained researcher

6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Types of Observation
• Participant observation
• Non-participant observation
• Structured observation
• Unstructured observation

7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Content
• In Participant Observation pattern, the observer
observes in his own way and becomes the
member of the group which he wants to observe.
In it, he gathers first hand information from the
group which otherwise is not possible to collect
from outside.
• On the other hand, in non-participant
observation, the observer view the behavior of
the group or an individual from outside only.

8. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Content
• Structured observation is pre-planned, that
means observer has already decided what,
when and how to observe the group or an
individual. This is under his control.
• On the contrary, unstructured observation
pattern involves the observer’s involvement in
a natural way i.e. he has not planned and the
situation in uncontrolled and can change any
moment.

9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
MERITS OF OBSERVATION
• Helpful in understanding the behaviour of
those who can not read, write or speak.
• Behaviour of children can be effectively
analyzed through observation.

10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
DEMERITS OF OBSERVATION
• Difficult to establish validity
• Subjectivity.
• Certain situations are not allowed to observe.
• Lack of agreement among the observers.
• Costly and Slow process.

11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
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