SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Research Methods
   CHAPTER TWO
Scientific Method

Systematic, organized series
 of steps that ensures
 maximum objectivity and
 consistency in researching a
 problem
The Scientific Method
Scientific Method

 Selecting a topic
 Defining the problem
 Reviewing the literature
 Formulating a hypothesis
 Choosing a research method
 Collecting and analyzing the data
 Develop conclusions
Formulating a Hypothesis

 Hypothesis
 Variable
 IndependentVariable
 Dependent Variable

 Example
 Correlation
Example of a Research Hypotheses
Correlation and Causation


  Ice Cream                        Death by
Sales Increase                 Drowning Increase




                 Temperature
Choosing a Research Method

 Qualitative
 Experiments

 Surveys

 Quantitative
 Ethnography

 Existing Sources
Experiments

Experimental Group
Control Group
Hawthorne Effect
Advantages
Disadvantages
Surveys
 Study, generally in the form of an interview or
  questionnaire, that provides researchers with
  information about how people think and act
 Samples
    Random
    Stratified Random
    Non-probability samples are widely used
      – Convenience
      – Snowball

 Advantages/Disadvantages
Ethnography

 Ethnography
  Studyof entire social setting through
  extended systematic observation
  Participant
  Non-Participant

 Advantages
 Disadvantages
Existing Sources

 Can be quantitative or qualitative
 ž Analysis of Existing Data
 ž Content Analysis
 ž Visual Analysis
Collect and Analyze the Data
 Issues of Measurement
   ž Reliability

   ž Validity

 Analysis of the Data
   ž Statistical Analysis

   ž Content Analysis

   ž Correlation and Causation

   ž Spurious Relationships
ASA Code of Ethics
 Maintain objectivity and integrity in research
 Respect subject’s right to privacy and dignity
 Protect subjects from personal harm
 Preserve confidentiality
 Seek informed consent
 Acknowledge research collaboration and assistance
 Disclose all sources of financial support
Value Free Sociology

 Weber
 The view of Max Weber that
  sociologists must not allow their
  personal biases to affect the
  conduct of their scientific research.
 Is it Possible?

More Related Content

What's hot

How to write introduction section of a research paper
How to write introduction section of a research paperHow to write introduction section of a research paper
How to write introduction section of a research paper
SyedMuhammadNumanAfz
 
An introduction to qualitative research.pdf
An introduction to qualitative research.pdfAn introduction to qualitative research.pdf
An introduction to qualitative research.pdf
Dr. Mahesh Koltame
 
Types of research
Types of researchTypes of research
Types of research
Dona Marie Fernandez
 
Ethics in research
Ethics in researchEthics in research
Ethics in research
Audrey Antee
 
Formulating Research question and limitaions
Formulating Research question and limitaionsFormulating Research question and limitaions
Formulating Research question and limitaions
Universty Of Gujrat, Pakistan
 
Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic
Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic
Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic
Richa Srishti
 
Writing Qualitative Research Reports PowerPoint
Writing Qualitative Research Reports PowerPointWriting Qualitative Research Reports PowerPoint
Writing Qualitative Research Reports PowerPoint
Charita Alston
 
Research gap
 Research gap Research gap
Research gap
King Saud University
 
Research lesson what is research method
Research lesson what is research methodResearch lesson what is research method
Research lesson what is research methodHarve Abella
 
Research Methodology
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
Research Methodology
sh_neha252
 
Writing a literature review
Writing a literature reviewWriting a literature review
Writing a literature review
Nancy Little
 
Thematic content analysis in psychology
Thematic content analysis in psychologyThematic content analysis in psychology
Thematic content analysis in psychology
Dr. Chinchu C
 
Identification of research topic
Identification of research topicIdentification of research topic
Identification of research topicBruno Mmassy
 
How to develop research question
How to develop research questionHow to develop research question
How to develop research question
Noveera Jaffar
 
Applied research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
Applied research - Research Methodology -  Manu Melwin JoyApplied research - Research Methodology -  Manu Melwin Joy
Applied research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
manumelwin
 
Literature Review
Literature Review Literature Review
Literature Review
Janak Valaki (PhD)
 
Research Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research Proposal
Research Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research ProposalResearch Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research Proposal
Research Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research Proposal
Writing A Research Proposal
 
formulating a research problem
formulating a research problemformulating a research problem
formulating a research problem
Charming Chang
 

What's hot (20)

How to write introduction section of a research paper
How to write introduction section of a research paperHow to write introduction section of a research paper
How to write introduction section of a research paper
 
An introduction to qualitative research.pdf
An introduction to qualitative research.pdfAn introduction to qualitative research.pdf
An introduction to qualitative research.pdf
 
Types of research
Types of researchTypes of research
Types of research
 
Ethics in research
Ethics in researchEthics in research
Ethics in research
 
Formulating Research question and limitaions
Formulating Research question and limitaionsFormulating Research question and limitaions
Formulating Research question and limitaions
 
Chapter 9-METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Chapter 9-METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONChapter 9-METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Chapter 9-METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
 
Basic research
Basic researchBasic research
Basic research
 
Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic
Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic
Research Gap: Situating Your Inquiry within the Study of the Topic
 
Writing Qualitative Research Reports PowerPoint
Writing Qualitative Research Reports PowerPointWriting Qualitative Research Reports PowerPoint
Writing Qualitative Research Reports PowerPoint
 
Research gap
 Research gap Research gap
Research gap
 
Research lesson what is research method
Research lesson what is research methodResearch lesson what is research method
Research lesson what is research method
 
Research Methodology
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
Research Methodology
 
Writing a literature review
Writing a literature reviewWriting a literature review
Writing a literature review
 
Thematic content analysis in psychology
Thematic content analysis in psychologyThematic content analysis in psychology
Thematic content analysis in psychology
 
Identification of research topic
Identification of research topicIdentification of research topic
Identification of research topic
 
How to develop research question
How to develop research questionHow to develop research question
How to develop research question
 
Applied research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
Applied research - Research Methodology -  Manu Melwin JoyApplied research - Research Methodology -  Manu Melwin Joy
Applied research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
 
Literature Review
Literature Review Literature Review
Literature Review
 
Research Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research Proposal
Research Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research ProposalResearch Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research Proposal
Research Proposal Writing: Methodology in Research Proposal
 
formulating a research problem
formulating a research problemformulating a research problem
formulating a research problem
 

Viewers also liked

Research Method for Business chapter 4
Research Method for Business chapter 4Research Method for Business chapter 4
Research Method for Business chapter 4
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Research Method for Business chapter 1
Research Method for Business chapter 1Research Method for Business chapter 1
Research Method for Business chapter 1
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Research Method for Business chapter 10
Research Method for Business chapter  10Research Method for Business chapter  10
Research Method for Business chapter 10
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Orgnaization and controlling
Orgnaization and controllingOrgnaization and controlling
Orgnaization and controlling
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Research Method for Business chapter 3
Research Method for Business chapter 3Research Method for Business chapter 3
Research Method for Business chapter 3
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Research Method for Business chapter 5
Research Method for Business chapter 5Research Method for Business chapter 5
Research Method for Business chapter 5
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Market analysis
Market analysisMarket analysis
Market analysis
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14
Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14
Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Research Method for Business chapter 7
Research Method for Business chapter  7Research Method for Business chapter  7
Research Method for Business chapter 7
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Research Method for Business chapter 8
Research Method for Business chapter  8Research Method for Business chapter  8
Research Method for Business chapter 8
Mazhar Poohlah
 
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODSBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODSVisualBee.com
 
Research Method for Business chapter 12
Research Method for Business chapter 12Research Method for Business chapter 12
Research Method for Business chapter 12
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Chapter 1 business research methods
Chapter 1 business research methodsChapter 1 business research methods
Chapter 1 business research methodsMadhavii Pandya
 
Research Method for Business chapter # 2
Research Method for Business chapter # 2Research Method for Business chapter # 2
Research Method for Business chapter # 2
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Business Research Methods
Business Research MethodsBusiness Research Methods
Business Research Methods
AIMS Education
 
Research Method for Business chapter 6
Research Method for Business chapter  6Research Method for Business chapter  6
Research Method for Business chapter 6
Mazhar Poohlah
 
Business Research Method
Business Research MethodBusiness Research Method
Business Research Method
Ghulam Hasnain
 

Viewers also liked (17)

Research Method for Business chapter 4
Research Method for Business chapter 4Research Method for Business chapter 4
Research Method for Business chapter 4
 
Research Method for Business chapter 1
Research Method for Business chapter 1Research Method for Business chapter 1
Research Method for Business chapter 1
 
Research Method for Business chapter 10
Research Method for Business chapter  10Research Method for Business chapter  10
Research Method for Business chapter 10
 
Orgnaization and controlling
Orgnaization and controllingOrgnaization and controlling
Orgnaization and controlling
 
Research Method for Business chapter 3
Research Method for Business chapter 3Research Method for Business chapter 3
Research Method for Business chapter 3
 
Research Method for Business chapter 5
Research Method for Business chapter 5Research Method for Business chapter 5
Research Method for Business chapter 5
 
Market analysis
Market analysisMarket analysis
Market analysis
 
Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14
Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14
Research Method for Business chapter 11-12-14
 
Research Method for Business chapter 7
Research Method for Business chapter  7Research Method for Business chapter  7
Research Method for Business chapter 7
 
Research Method for Business chapter 8
Research Method for Business chapter  8Research Method for Business chapter  8
Research Method for Business chapter 8
 
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODSBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
 
Research Method for Business chapter 12
Research Method for Business chapter 12Research Method for Business chapter 12
Research Method for Business chapter 12
 
Chapter 1 business research methods
Chapter 1 business research methodsChapter 1 business research methods
Chapter 1 business research methods
 
Research Method for Business chapter # 2
Research Method for Business chapter # 2Research Method for Business chapter # 2
Research Method for Business chapter # 2
 
Business Research Methods
Business Research MethodsBusiness Research Methods
Business Research Methods
 
Research Method for Business chapter 6
Research Method for Business chapter  6Research Method for Business chapter  6
Research Method for Business chapter 6
 
Business Research Method
Business Research MethodBusiness Research Method
Business Research Method
 

Similar to 02 Chapter 2 Research Methods

Qualitative research
Qualitative researchQualitative research
Qualitative researchdhinnar
 
Research Methods CH1
Research Methods CH1Research Methods CH1
Research Methods CH1Stephanie
 
Qualitative research Mkep
Qualitative research MkepQualitative research Mkep
Qualitative research MkepGalih Priambodo
 
Chapter 02
Chapter 02Chapter 02
Chapter 02
Irene Petten
 
Classification of research
Classification of researchClassification of research
Classification of research
Misbah Iqbal
 
sampling
samplingsampling
sampling
Hina Honey
 
Research methodology lectures new prof.. mbassa
Research methodology lectures new prof.. mbassaResearch methodology lectures new prof.. mbassa
Research methodology lectures new prof.. mbassaBruno Mmassy
 
Chapter2 the methods_of_psychological_research
Chapter2 the methods_of_psychological_researchChapter2 the methods_of_psychological_research
Chapter2 the methods_of_psychological_researchayeshakhan1000
 
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative ResearchData Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
Dr. Senthilvel Vasudevan
 
Social science Research Methodology explained
Social science Research Methodology explainedSocial science Research Methodology explained
Social science Research Methodology explained
Swarna Latha Maroju
 
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysisQualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Vijayalakshmi Murugesan
 
The Essence of Research
The Essence of ResearchThe Essence of Research
The Essence of Research
SindhBiotech
 
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptxRESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
drpriyanka8
 
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCHQUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCH
atul sahay
 
Qualitative research designs
Qualitative research designsQualitative research designs
Qualitative research designs
Muthu Venkatachalam
 
Research methods introduction 2022
Research methods introduction 2022Research methods introduction 2022
Research methods introduction 2022
Elizabeth Moll-Willard
 
Writing your methodology chapter
Writing your methodology chapterWriting your methodology chapter
Writing your methodology chapter
Mengjie Jiang
 
Types_of_Research 5.pptx
Types_of_Research 5.pptxTypes_of_Research 5.pptx
Types_of_Research 5.pptx
kapiSonowal809
 
Qualititaive research
Qualititaive researchQualititaive research
Qualititaive research
ctkmedia
 

Similar to 02 Chapter 2 Research Methods (20)

Qualitative research
Qualitative researchQualitative research
Qualitative research
 
Research Methods CH1
Research Methods CH1Research Methods CH1
Research Methods CH1
 
Qualitative research Mkep
Qualitative research MkepQualitative research Mkep
Qualitative research Mkep
 
Chapter 02
Chapter 02Chapter 02
Chapter 02
 
Classification of research
Classification of researchClassification of research
Classification of research
 
sampling
samplingsampling
sampling
 
Research methodology lectures new prof.. mbassa
Research methodology lectures new prof.. mbassaResearch methodology lectures new prof.. mbassa
Research methodology lectures new prof.. mbassa
 
Chapter2 the methods_of_psychological_research
Chapter2 the methods_of_psychological_researchChapter2 the methods_of_psychological_research
Chapter2 the methods_of_psychological_research
 
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative ResearchData Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
 
Social science Research Methodology explained
Social science Research Methodology explainedSocial science Research Methodology explained
Social science Research Methodology explained
 
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysisQualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
 
The Essence of Research
The Essence of ResearchThe Essence of Research
The Essence of Research
 
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptxRESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.pptx
 
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCHQUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Vs. QUALITATITIVE RESEARCH
 
Qualitative research designs
Qualitative research designsQualitative research designs
Qualitative research designs
 
Research methods introduction 2022
Research methods introduction 2022Research methods introduction 2022
Research methods introduction 2022
 
Research in home science
Research in home scienceResearch in home science
Research in home science
 
Writing your methodology chapter
Writing your methodology chapterWriting your methodology chapter
Writing your methodology chapter
 
Types_of_Research 5.pptx
Types_of_Research 5.pptxTypes_of_Research 5.pptx
Types_of_Research 5.pptx
 
Qualititaive research
Qualititaive researchQualititaive research
Qualititaive research
 

Recently uploaded

Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxStudents, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
EduSkills OECD
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Jisc
 
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela TaraOperation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Balvir Singh
 
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdfSectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Atul Kumar Singh
 
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech RepublicPolish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Anna Sz.
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Special education needs
 
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
AzmatAli747758
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
JosvitaDsouza2
 
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer ServicePART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PedroFerreira53928
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Jheel Barad
 
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Delapenabediema
 
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonThe Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
Steve Thomason
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Vikramjit Singh
 
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxSynthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Pavel ( NSTU)
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
bennyroshan06
 
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
 
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute  Check Company Auto PropertyModel Attribute  Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Celine George
 
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
beazzy04
 
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement EssentialsIntroduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Excellence Foundation for South Sudan
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxStudents, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
 
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela TaraOperation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
 
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdfSectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
 
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech RepublicPolish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
 
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
 
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer ServicePART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
 
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
 
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonThe Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
 
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxSynthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
 
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
 
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute  Check Company Auto PropertyModel Attribute  Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
 
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
 
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement EssentialsIntroduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
 

02 Chapter 2 Research Methods

  • 1. Research Methods CHAPTER TWO
  • 2. Scientific Method Systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem
  • 4. Scientific Method  Selecting a topic  Defining the problem  Reviewing the literature  Formulating a hypothesis  Choosing a research method  Collecting and analyzing the data  Develop conclusions
  • 5. Formulating a Hypothesis  Hypothesis  Variable IndependentVariable Dependent Variable  Example  Correlation
  • 6. Example of a Research Hypotheses
  • 7. Correlation and Causation Ice Cream Death by Sales Increase Drowning Increase Temperature
  • 8. Choosing a Research Method  Qualitative Experiments Surveys  Quantitative Ethnography  Existing Sources
  • 10. Surveys  Study, generally in the form of an interview or questionnaire, that provides researchers with information about how people think and act  Samples  Random  Stratified Random  Non-probability samples are widely used  – Convenience  – Snowball  Advantages/Disadvantages
  • 11. Ethnography  Ethnography  Studyof entire social setting through extended systematic observation Participant Non-Participant  Advantages  Disadvantages
  • 12. Existing Sources  Can be quantitative or qualitative  ž Analysis of Existing Data  ž Content Analysis  ž Visual Analysis
  • 13. Collect and Analyze the Data  Issues of Measurement  ž Reliability  ž Validity  Analysis of the Data  ž Statistical Analysis  ž Content Analysis  ž Correlation and Causation  ž Spurious Relationships
  • 14. ASA Code of Ethics  Maintain objectivity and integrity in research  Respect subject’s right to privacy and dignity  Protect subjects from personal harm  Preserve confidentiality  Seek informed consent  Acknowledge research collaboration and assistance  Disclose all sources of financial support
  • 15. Value Free Sociology  Weber  The view of Max Weber that sociologists must not allow their personal biases to affect the conduct of their scientific research.  Is it Possible?