This is a short presentation for educating common people about monsoon illnesses and preventing ill health

1. MonsoonMonsoon
Disease and HealthDisease and Health
Dr Shyam Ashtekar

2. How monsoon changes the plot!How monsoon changes the plot!

3. How monsoon changes the plot!How monsoon changes the plot!
Change in temp and humidity
More growth and survival of germs
More contamination
Transmission of all germs throughTransmission of all germs through
food, air, water, hands, flies,
mosquitoes increases.

4. RainRain--made collectionsmade collections

5. Polluted water poolsPolluted water pools

6. Water pools everywhereWater pools everywhere

7. ManMan made water collectionsmade water collections

8. More of many diseasesMore of many diseases
Fevers
Coughs and colds
Diarrheas and dysenteries
Animal bites-esp snake bitesAnimal bites-esp snake bites
Wards and OpDs have more patients

9. Six kinds of threatsSix kinds of threats

10. (A) Digestive system diseases(A) Digestive system diseases

11. DiarrheasDiarrheas
Common
Loose motions
> 3 a day
usually infectiveusually infective
Usually self limiting
Stops with simple
treatments-fluids and
salt-sugar, home
remedies

12. Childhood diarrheaChildhood diarrhea
Risky due to
dehydration
Recognize danger
signs
Start ORS fluids
Take to a doctor
Rotavirus vaccines
are useful
(ROTAVAC) oral
dose

13. DysenteriesDysenteries
Blood or mucus in
stools
Pain in abdomen
May be feverMay be fever
Need to start anti-
bacterial medicines
Ay remedies-Kutaj
Amebic dysentery
tends to be chronic

14. TyphoidTyphoid
Continuous fever
Ill feeling, tired, weak
Abd pain
Changed bowel habits
Blood tests (typhidot
etc)
Blood tests (typhidot
etc)
Next week higher
fever
Can be dangerous if
there is blood in feces
Can cause serious
emergency

15. PreventingPreventing TyphoidTyphoid
Food safety, water safety-avoid
outdoor-food
Public water supply safety
Typhoid vaccines TY21a-oralTyphoid vaccines TY21a-oral
capsules- on day 1-3-5 for anybody
above 5Yrs
Effective in 7 days, lasts for 3 yrs
No need for injectable vaccine

16. CholeraCholera
Rare these days due to
better sanitation
But stray cases reported
Can rapidly kill due to
water loss
Vaccine Dukoral to be
mixed with 150 ml watermixed with 150 ml water
and taken orally. Repeat
one dose after 1-5 weeks.
Booster dose after 2 years
Another vaccine Sanchol is
also available-to be taken in
2 doses

17. (B) Liver infections(B) Liver infections

18. HepatitisHepatitis--JaundiceJaundice

19. HepAHepA
Hepatitis A is a viral liver disease that can
cause mild to severe illness.
The hepatitis A virus is transmitted through
ingestion of contaminated food and water, or
through direct contact with an infectious
person.person.
Hepatitis A is associated with a lack of safe
water and poor sanitation.
Improved sanitation and the hepatitis A
vaccine are the most effective ways to
combat the disease.

20. Symptoms of hepatitis ASymptoms of hepatitis A
Mild to severe,
fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhoea,
nausea,
Abdominal discomfort, dark-colouredAbdominal discomfort, dark-coloured
urine
Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and
whites of the eyes).
Not everyone who is infected will have all
of the symptoms

21. Prevention ofPrevention of HepHep AA
The spread of hepatitis A can be reduced
by:
adequate supplies of safe drinking water
proper disposal of sewage within
communitiescommunities
personal hygiene practices such as regular
hand-washing with safe water.
Vaccine (2 dose) if necessary-for travelers,
or those who have frequently eat outside
etc

22. (C) Coughs(C) Coughs and coldsand colds

23. Often called viral feversOften called viral fevers
Most cold and coughs are alluded to viral
infection
Rises in rainy season
Self limitingSelf limiting
Simple remedies are enough. (kadha etc)

24. (D) Mosquito borne diseases(D) Mosquito borne diseases

25. MalariaMalaria
Very common infection in tropics and
subtropics
Some types dangerous
Spread by Anopheles mosquito
This mosquito breeds in fresh water, rainThis mosquito breeds in fresh water, rain
pools, lakes, streams etc
Fever +chills, aches. Fever usually alternate
day
Simple treatment available (chloroquin for
simpel type), artesunate for dangerous type.

26. Aedes mosquitoAedes mosquito

27. DengueDengue
Symptoms include
fever,
headache,
muscle painsmuscle pains
joint pains,
a characteristic
skin rash that is
similar to measles.

28. DengueDengue

29. Dengue feverDengue fever

30. Dangerous phase of dengueDangerous phase of dengue
In a small proportion of cases the disease
develops into the life-threatening dengue
hemorrhagic fever, resulting in
bleeding, low levels of bloodbleeding, low levels of blood
platelets and blood plasma leakage,
or into dengue shock syndrome,
where dangerously low blood
pressure occurs.

31. Treatment and preventionTreatment and prevention
Treatment
Simple dengue fever-
treat with
paracetomol, rest
Prevention
Reduce breeding
spots every week-
CITIZEN ACTION is
impTake to a doctor for
more tests if
necessary, esp if
there are danger
signs.
imp
Nursing patients in
mosq nets

32. ChikenguniyaChikenguniya
Chikungunyais a
relatively rare
form of viral fever
("debilitating non-
fatal viral illness."
FeverWhich Can
Reach 39C, (102.2
F)
Rash Usually
Involving the Limbs
andTrunkfatal viral illness."
)caused by an
alphavirusthat is
spread by
mosquito bites
from the
Aedesaegyptiand
Aedesalbopictusmo
squito.
andTrunk
Affecting Multiple
JointsWhich Can
Be Debilitating.
Headache,
Conjunctival
Injection and Slight
Photophobia.

33. ChikenguniyaChikenguniya diagnosis & Treatmentdiagnosis & Treatment
The diagnostic
tests include
detection of
antigens or
antibodies in the
Self-limiting and
Will Resolve With
Time.
No Specific
Treatment forantibodies in the
blood, using
ELISA (or EIA -
enzyme
immunoassay)
polymerase chain
reaction (PCR).
Treatment for
Chikungunya.
Supportive or
Palliative Medical
Care With Anti-
inflammatories

34. (E) Bites(E) Bites

35. KraitKrait

36. snakebitessnakebites

37. CobraCobra

38. ViperViper

39. Snake fangsSnake fangs--RusselRusselViperViper

40. (F)(F) LeptospirosisLeptospirosis

41. LeptospirosisLeptospirosis --spirochatesspirochates

42. LeptospirosisLeptospirosis

43. LeptospirosisLeptospirosis
Leptospirosis is among the world's most
common diseases transmitted to people from
animals.The infection is commonly
transmitted to humans by allowing water that
has been contaminated byanimal urine tohas been contaminated byanimal urine to
come in contact with unhealed breaks in the
skin, the eyes, or with the mucous membranes.
Outside of tropical areas, leptospirosis cases
have a relatively distinct seasonality with most
cases occurring in spring and autumn.

44. Spread ofSpread of LeptoLepto
Leptospirosisis transmitted by the urine
of an infected animal and is contagious as
long as it is still moist.Although rats, mice,
and moles are important primary hosts, a
wide range of other mammals includingwide range of other mammals including
dogs, deer, rabbits, hedgehogs, cows,
sheep, raccoons, opossums, skunks, and
certain marine mammals are able to carry
and transmit the disease as secondary
hosts.

45. LeptoLepto--symptomssymptoms
Symptoms of leptospirosis include
high fever,
severe headache,
chills,
muscle aches,muscle aches,
vomiting,
jaundice,
red eyes,
abdominal pain,
Diarrhea
rash.

46. General prevention care forGeneral prevention care for
monsoon diseasesmonsoon diseases
Safety of food, vegetables, water,
Sanitation, disposal of waste
Handwash before eating, cooking
Vaccines if necessaryVaccines if necessary

47. Water safetyWater safety
Domestic-chlorine drops,
boiling, filters
Public-treatment, tests,
monitoring of water Qmonitoring of water Q
Outdoor use of mineral
water-confirm seal

48. Food safetyFood safety

49. HandwashHandwash

50. Migrant HealthMigrant Health
Diseases travel with migrant workers
Esp malaria, dengue etc
Need to screen migrant groups in risky
seasonsseasons

51. WaterWater--collectionscollections
Periodic cleaning of water collections-
natural and man made
Avoid ‘hollows’ thrown in garbage0like
coconut shellscoconut shells

52. Avoid mosquito bitesAvoid mosquito bites
Use nets
Door/window mesh/nets
Use repellants
Mosq-racketsMosq-rackets
Fogging rounds
Mosquito trap
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNjyL
RQutXs

53. KumbhamelaKumbhamela....
Take extra care of all types
Help the public services for sanitation,
cleanliness, reporting of illnesses
Watch for unsafe food joints, reportWatch for unsafe food joints, report

54. VaccinesVaccines
Can take vaccines if necessary
Typhoid, hepatitis A
Cholera
Rotovac (children)Rotovac (children)

55. Simple fever treatmentSimple fever treatment

56. Ayurveda and MonsoonAyurveda and Monsoon
Ritucharya keeps health
Rules about eating, work, sleep etc
Light and digestible meals are imp as
AGNI in the stomach is low in monsoonsAGNI in the stomach is low in monsoons
Avoid too much eating (winter can take
more food)

57. AboutAbout ArogyavidyaArogyavidya
websitewebsite
Arogyavidya.net

58. BharatswasthyaBharatswasthya
websitewebsite
Bharatswasthya.net

59. About my 2 new booksAbout my 2 new books

61. Author InformationAuthor Information
MBBS (1978), MD, Community Health (1985)
Worked in rural health center, Municipal health dept,
medical college, NGOs, Community Health networks,
and as Founder Director of School of Health Sciences
atYCM Open University
Study of health systems of China, UK, Germany, USA in
1997-2000 with MacArthur Pop fellowship
61
Learning material / Marathi and English books for health
workers, paramedics, National ASHA program
Review of health systems, Nutrition programs, training
programs etc
Open info sites for primary care in Hindi
bharatswasthya.net , Marathi arogyavidya.net
Contact: 9422271544 Email-
shyamashtekar@yahoo.com, 21 Cherry hills society,
Anandwalli Nashik 422013
6/11/2015CHIKITSA-Revamping the Health Sector of Maharashtra-Shyam Ashtekar