3. Measles
Definition
Measles is in acute infectious disease
manifested by Fever , Cough ,
lacrimation and koplik spots in pre
eruptive phase and maculopapular
rashes starting appear on 4th and 5th day
of illness . It is also called as rubeola .
4.
5. Epidemiology
■ Agent factor = measles is caused by RNA
virus.
■ Host factor= Affect the children 6 month to
three years even after 10 years .
■ Mode of transmission= Airborne
transmission.
The virus is spread easily through the
coughing and sneezing.
6. ■ Incubation period = 10 to 14 days.
Occurs in Pre school children’s .
■ Environmental factor = It affect all seasons
but more in Winter season .
7. Etiology
■ It is caused by RNA virus that belongs to
paramyxoviridae family that affect only
humans .
8. Clinical manifestation
■ Prodromal stage = This stage usually
start over 4 to 5 days of contact with
the infectious agent and at last for 5
to 6 days.
This stage is manifested with 3c’s.
11. ■ Eruptive stage = This stage is Characterized
by a it typical regular dusky red
maculopapular rash which found behind the
ear and face.
Then it seprade to neck back and to whole
body in 3 to 4 days.
■ Decline stage = In this stage symptoms
started disappear after 14 days .
14. Management
■ Pharmacological management .
actysalicylic acid and paracetamol may be
prescribed or used to reduce fever.
Antibiotics is given to treated the
complications.
Vitamin A supplements.
15. Preventions
■ But rest and isolation.
■ Live attenuated measles vaccin 0.5ml is
given to the children .
■ It is phone so giving in combination with
live attenuated vaccines of mumps and
rubella .
17. Mumps
■Definition
It is a viral infection that affect rhe salivary
glands or parotid glands below and in front of
ear .
18. Epidemiology
■ Agent factor = Mumps is caused by
paramyxovirus . That belong to
paramyxoviridae family .
■ Host factor = Common among childrens
between the age of 5 to 15 years.
Disease tend to be more severe in adults.
19. Environmental factor= peak incidence occurs
during winters and spring .
Mode of transmission =It is spread through
the air born or direct contact .
Incubation period = the incubation period is
2to 3 weaks .
22. Management
■ It is self limited disese treated with bed
rest .
■ Use analgesics to reduce pain .
■ Complication may required treatmwnt in
the hospital .
23. Preventions
■ A single dose of monovalent live attenuated
mumps vaccin 0. 5 ml is administered
subcutaneously .
■ Combine vaccin of measles mumps and rubella
are also given .
■ A single attack of this disease give a life long
immunity .
25. Rubella
■Definition
It is also called german measles .this disease
is caused by a virus that spreads easily by
coughing and sneezing .
26. Epidemiology
■ Agent factor = it is caused by aingle
stranded RNA virus that belong to togo
virus family .
■ Host factor = human are the only known
host .
Rubella affects mainly the childrens in age
group of 3to 10 years .
27. ■ Mode of transmission = the rubelloa virus is
transmitted by air born froplets when
infected person sneeze or cough .
The virus can cross the placental barrier and
affect the fetus.
■ Incubation period = usually 2to 3 weeks .
28. Etiology
■ It is caused by single standard RNA virus
■ During pregnancy .
31. Congenital rubella syndrome
■ Congenital rubella syndrome is an illness in
infants that result from maternal infection
with rubella virus during pregnancy.
That cause many problems including
Cataract in eyes
Heart problems
34. Management
■ No specific treatment is indicated .
■ Isolation
■ Provide proper rest.
Pharmacological management
Antipyretic is given to reduce fever .
35. ■ Rubella vaccin is administred wirh the
combination of measles , mumps.
Nursing management
■ Bed rest and isolation after the rashes
appear.
■ Maintain proper hygiene of child.
36. ■ Encourage parents to give bath to the child
daily.
■ Wash or clean eye with warm water to
prevent from infection .
■ Maintain child’s nutritional pattern because
after measles child become malnourished .
■ egg , juice ,milk should be given to child .
37. ■ Use paracetamol to control the fever .
■ Give analgesic to relive pain .
38. Nursing diagnosis
■ Fever related to viral infection as
evidenced by checking vital signs.
■ Risk for impaired skin integrity related to
rash as evidenced by physical examination.
■ Acute pain related to irritated mucous
membrane as evidenced by pain scale.
39. ■ Risk for imbalanced nutrition related to
decrease food intake as evidenced by
checking take output chart .
■ impaired social interaction related to
isolation.
