Monkeypox is caused by an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus in the orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. It can spread through direct contact with infectious rash, scabs, or body fluids, respiratory secretions during prolonged face-to-face contact, or touching items that previously touched the infectious rash or body fluids. The incubation period is usually 6 to 13 days. Diagnosis involves polymerase chain reaction testing, while treatment includes the antiviral tecovirimat and vaccines for smallpox may provide limited protection as both diseases are from the same family.

1. Monkeypox

3. The pathogen
1. Enveloped double-stranded DNA virus
2. Orthopoxvirus genus
3. Poxviridae family.

4. Transmission
1. Direct contact with the infectious rash, scabs, or body fluids,
2. Respiratory secretions during prolonged face-to-face contact,

5. 3. Touching items that previously touched the infectious rash or body fluids,
3. Pregnant people can spread the virus to their foetus through the placenta

6. Signs and symptoms
The incubation period of monkeypox is usually from 6 to 13 days but
can range from 5 to 21 days.

7. Macule Papule
Vesicle
Pustules
Crust Dry

8. Diagnosis
• Lymphadenopathy can be a clinical feature to distinguish monkeypox
from chickenpox or smallpox.
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the preferred laboratory test given its
accuracy and sensitivity.
• As orthopoxviruses are serologically cross-reactive, antigen and antibody
detection methods do not provide monkeypox-specific confirmation.

9. Therapeutics
• An antiviral developed to treat smallpox tecovirimat, commercialized
as TPOXX has been approved for treatment of monkeypox.
• Other vaccines for smallpox may provide limited protection since
both diseases are from the same family.
• Immune globulin may be recommended for severe cases.

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