ME-314 Introduction to Control Engineering is a course taught to Mechanical Engineering senior undergrads. The course is taught by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is introduction to the field.
automatic control, Basic Definitions, Classification of Control systems, Requ...Waqas Afzal
Why automatic controls is required
2. Process Variables
controlled variable, manipulated variable
3. Functions of Automatic Control
Measurement
Comparison
Computation
Correction
4.Basic Definitions
System, Plant, Process, Controller, input, output, disturbance
5. Classification of Control systems
Natural, Manmade & Automatic control system
Open-Loop, Close-Loop control System
Linear Vs Nonlinear System
Time invariant vs Time variant
Continuous Data Vs Discrete Data System
Deterministic vs Stochastic System
6. Requirements of an ideal Control system
Accuracy, Sensitivity, noise, Bandwidth, Speed, Oscillations
Ch2 mathematical modeling of control system Elaf A.Saeed
Chapter 2 Mathematical modeling of control system From the book (Ogata Modern Control Engineering 5th).
2-1 introduction.
2-2 transfer function and impulse response function.
2-3 automatic control systems.
automatic control, Basic Definitions, Classification of Control systems, Requ...Waqas Afzal
Why automatic controls is required
2. Process Variables
controlled variable, manipulated variable
3. Functions of Automatic Control
Measurement
Comparison
Computation
Correction
4.Basic Definitions
System, Plant, Process, Controller, input, output, disturbance
5. Classification of Control systems
Natural, Manmade & Automatic control system
Open-Loop, Close-Loop control System
Linear Vs Nonlinear System
Time invariant vs Time variant
Continuous Data Vs Discrete Data System
Deterministic vs Stochastic System
6. Requirements of an ideal Control system
Accuracy, Sensitivity, noise, Bandwidth, Speed, Oscillations
Ch2 mathematical modeling of control system Elaf A.Saeed
Chapter 2 Mathematical modeling of control system From the book (Ogata Modern Control Engineering 5th).
2-1 introduction.
2-2 transfer function and impulse response function.
2-3 automatic control systems.
Basic Elements of Control System, Open loop and Closed loop systems, Differential
equations and Transfer function, Modeling of Electric systems, Translational and rotational
mechanical systems, Block diagram reduction Techniques, Signal flow graph
Mr. C.S.Satheesh, M.E.,
Basic elements in control systems
System
Types of Control Systems
Open Loop Control Systems
Closed Loop Control Systems
Difference Between Open loop & Closed loop Control Systems
Ch5 transient and steady state response analyses(control)Elaf A.Saeed
Chapter 5 Transient and steady-state response analyses. From the book (Ogata Modern Control Engineering 5th).
5-1 introduction.
5-2 First-Order System.
5-3 second-order system.
5-6 Routh’s stability criterion.
5-8 Steady-state errors in unity-feedback control systems.
This presentation gives the information about introduction to control systems
Subject: Control Engineering as per VTU Syllabus of Aeronautical Engineering.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
Disclaimer:
The contents used in this presentation are taken from the text books mentioned in the references. I do not hold any copyrights for the contents. It has been prepared to use in the class lectures, not for commercial purpose.
Time Response Analysis of system
Standard Test Signals
What is time response ?
Types of Responses
Analysis of First order system
Analysis of Second order system
This slide show contains a detailed explanation of the following topics from Control System:
1. Open loop & Closed loop
2. Mathematical modeling
3. f-v and f-i analogy
4. Block diagram reduction technique
5. Signal flow graph
This presentation is about the Distributed Control system in Power plants. DCS is a computerised control system for a process or plant usually with many control loops, in which autonomous controllers are distributed throughout the system, but there is no central operator supervisory control.
Chapter 1 basic components of control systemHarish Odedra
This presentation is on basic of control engineering subject which is offered to 5th sem Mechanical Engineering Department in Gujarat Technological University.
Basic Elements of Control System, Open loop and Closed loop systems, Differential
equations and Transfer function, Modeling of Electric systems, Translational and rotational
mechanical systems, Block diagram reduction Techniques, Signal flow graph
Mr. C.S.Satheesh, M.E.,
Basic elements in control systems
System
Types of Control Systems
Open Loop Control Systems
Closed Loop Control Systems
Difference Between Open loop & Closed loop Control Systems
Ch5 transient and steady state response analyses(control)Elaf A.Saeed
Chapter 5 Transient and steady-state response analyses. From the book (Ogata Modern Control Engineering 5th).
5-1 introduction.
5-2 First-Order System.
5-3 second-order system.
5-6 Routh’s stability criterion.
5-8 Steady-state errors in unity-feedback control systems.
This presentation gives the information about introduction to control systems
Subject: Control Engineering as per VTU Syllabus of Aeronautical Engineering.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
Disclaimer:
The contents used in this presentation are taken from the text books mentioned in the references. I do not hold any copyrights for the contents. It has been prepared to use in the class lectures, not for commercial purpose.
Time Response Analysis of system
Standard Test Signals
What is time response ?
Types of Responses
Analysis of First order system
Analysis of Second order system
This slide show contains a detailed explanation of the following topics from Control System:
1. Open loop & Closed loop
2. Mathematical modeling
3. f-v and f-i analogy
4. Block diagram reduction technique
5. Signal flow graph
This presentation is about the Distributed Control system in Power plants. DCS is a computerised control system for a process or plant usually with many control loops, in which autonomous controllers are distributed throughout the system, but there is no central operator supervisory control.
Chapter 1 basic components of control systemHarish Odedra
This presentation is on basic of control engineering subject which is offered to 5th sem Mechanical Engineering Department in Gujarat Technological University.
This presentation contains,
i. Basics of Control Systems,
ii. Wind Turbine Controls
iii. Basics about Wind Farm and Control
iv. Wind Turbine Gearbox
v. Wind Turbine Generator
vi. Grids
Avionics 738 Adaptive Filtering at Air University PAC Campus by Dr. Bilal A. Siddiqui in Spring 2018. This lecture deals with introduction to Kalman Filtering. Based n Optimal State Estimation by Dan Simon.
Avionics 738 Adaptive Filtering at Air University PAC Campus by Dr. Bilal A. Siddiqui in Spring 2018. This lecture covers background material for the course.
ME-314 Introduction to Control Engineering is a course taught to Mechanical Engineering senior undergrads. The course is taught by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about basic rules of sketching root locus.
ME-314 Introduction to Control Engineering is a course taught to Mechanical Engineering senior undergrads. The course is taught by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about time response of systems derived by inspection of poles and zeros. Stability concepts and steady state errors are taught.
ME-314 Introduction to Control Engineering is a course taught to Mechanical Engineering senior undergrads. The course is taught by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about time response of systems derived by inspection of poles and zeros. First and second order systems are considered, along with higher order and nonminimum phase systems
ME-314 Introduction to Control Engineering is a course taught to Mechanical Engineering senior undergrads. The course is taught by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about block diagram reduction for finding closed loop transfer functions.
ME-314 Introduction to Control Engineering is a course taught to Mechanical Engineering senior undergrads. The course is taught by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about modeling electrical and mechanical systems (transnational and rotational) in frequency domain.
ME-314 Introduction to Control Engineering is a course taught to Mechanical Engineering senior undergrads. The course is taught by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about frequency domain solutions of differential equations and transfer functions.
This is an extended version of a talk given originally at the 2nd International Conference on Entrepreneurial Engineering: Commercialization of Research and Projects at IOBM, Karachi. Later an extended talk was given on several campuses in the city.
Dr. Bilal Siddiqui of DHA Suffa University conducted a two day workshop on softwares used extensively in aerospace industry. The first session was organized by ASME's student chapter at DSU on Friday, the 2nd of December, 2016, which covered USAF Stability and Control DATCOM software used for aerodynamic prediction and aircraft design. Students and faculty from DSU as well as those from Pakistan Airforce Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology (PAF KIET) attended the session. The second session was held on Tuesday, 6th of December at PAF KIET's Korangi Creek campus and focused on interfacing DATCOM with Matlab and Simulink softwares for aircraft simulator design. Students were given hands on training on the softwares. It is worth noting that Dr. Bilal also delivered a lecture titled "It isn't exactly Rocket Science: The artsy science of rocket propulsion" at PAF KIET on the 6th October, as part of an effort to popularize rocket science among academia and changing the scientific culture in Pakistan.
A seminar by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui for lecturers and lab engineers at DHA Suffa University to market the graduate program to them. Why get another degree from the university you work at?
ME 312 Mechanical Machine Design is the flagship course of the mechanical engineering department at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about mechanical fasteners and non-permanent joints. The course is offered every fall by Dr. Bilal A. Siddiqui.
ME 312 Mechanical Machine Design is the flagship course of the mechanical engineering department at DHA Suffa University. This is an introductory lecture. The course is offered every fall by Dr. Bilal A. Siddiqui.
ME438 Aerodynamics is offered by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui to senior mechanical engineeing undergraduates at DHA Suffa University. This lecture set is an introduction to aircraft design using Raymer's methods.
More from Dr. Bilal Siddiqui, C.Eng., MIMechE, FRAeS (20)
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. About the Course
• This course teaches the basics of system modeling
and control system design
– Basic Concepts
– Mathematical modeling of physical systems
– System response to common inputs
– Stability concepts
– Control systems design
• Root locus design
• Frequency response design
• State space design
and Brian Douglas
3. Books and References
• Katsuhiko Ogata-Modern Control Engineering-Prentice Hall (2001)
• Farid Golnaraghi, Benjamin C. Kuo-Automatic Control Systems-Wiley
(2009)
• Norman S. Nise-Control Systems Engineering, 6th Edition-John Wiley
(2010)
• Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop - Modern Control Systems-PRENTICE
HALL (2010)
• Fracis Raven – Automatic Control Engineering – McGraw Hill (1961)
• Brian Douglas - The Fundamentals of Control Theory – Online (current)
• Brian Douglas lectures of control systems
https://www.youtube.com/user/ControlLecture
and Brian Douglas
4. Introduction
System – Interconnected parts that form a larger more complex whole. It does
“something”: basically we want to control that something.
Control System – Another system (interconnected components) which is
designed to change the behavior or performance of the system we want to
“control”.
It is confusing to refer to both “the system” and “control system”, so we
generally call “the system” as “plant” or “process”
and Brian Douglas
5. Introduction
Multivariable Control System
Open-Loop Control Systems
utilize a controller or control
actuator to obtain the desired
response.
Closed-Loop Control
Systems utilizes feedback to
compare the actual output to
the desired output response.
6. The Control Problem
• Any system has at least three parts: Inputs,
Outputs, the system itself. The problem is one
of these three is unknown.
– System Identification:
– Simulation Problem
– Control System Design
8. Disturbances
• Sometimes, uncontrolled inputs (called disturbances)
also affect the plant/process.
• There is no way to correct output in open loop
• Control system is ‘robust’ if it can mitigate them
9. Noise
• All sensors are also affected by measurement noise
(remember ME-313 Meas. & Instr).
• Output in this case is not disturbed in the open loop
• Control system is ‘robust’ if it can mitigate noise
sensor noise
10. Plant / Model Mismatch
• We can seldom mathematically model systems accurately
• This means the plant will behave differently from
predictions based on its “model”
• Controller applies inputs based on the plant model
model
model
11. Advantages of Feedback
• There is no need to use feedback (close loop) control and we can use open
loop control, if
– The model is perfectly accurate
– There is no measurement noise
– There is no disturbance
• But none of the above is possible practically.
• Therefore, feedback is the only available mechanism to achieve desired
performance.
• Closed-loop systems have greater accuracy than open-loop systems.
• Less sensitive to noise, disturbances, & changes in environment.
• Transient response and steady-state error can be controlled more
conveniently and with greater flexibility
• Some plants/processes are unstable or not stable to the degree we want
• Control systems can make unstable systems stable
12. Disadvantages
• Sometimes, the plant itself may be stable, but an aggressive
control system can make it unstable.
• Closed-loop systems are more complex and expensive than
open-loop systems.
– Modern digital control systems contain a lot of subsystems:
microcontrollers, analog-digital converters, actuators etc.
– Sensors and actuators can be very expensive
• Therefore,
– Must consider the trade-off between simplicity and low cost of an
open-loop system vs accuracy and higher cost of a closed-loop system
– Control system must be carefully tuned
• Plant degrades over time, so control system needs to be
recalibrated periodically.
13. System Response
• Take the example of a building elevator (Nise)
– 4th
floor button is pressed on the 1st
floor
– Elevator rises with a speed and floor-leveling
accuracy designed for passenger comfort.
– Push of 4th
-floor button is an input that represents
our desired output
Norman S. Nise-Control Systems Engineering, 6th Edition-John Wiley (2010)
14. Transient and Steady State
Response
• Two major measures of performance are
– transient response
– steady-state error
• Passenger comfort and passenger patience are dependent upon
the transient response.
• If this response is too fast, passenger comfort is sacrificed; if
too slow, passenger patience is sacrificed.
• Steady-state error : passenger
safety and convenience would be sacrificed if the elevator did
not properly level.
Norman S. Nise-Control Systems Engineering, 6th Edition-John Wiley (2010)
15. Stability
• Transient and steady response
are useless if the plant is
unstable
• Two types of stability: static
and dynamic
• Static: tendency to come back
to equilibrium point
• Dynamic: each oscillation has
smaller amplitude than
previous
• Control systems must be
designed to be stable.
17. Case Study: Antenna Position Control
• Extraterrestrial life is being searched with help
of huge antennas. We want to make a control
system which automatically points the antenna
in the direction (azimuth) we want. (Nise)
18. Layout of Antenna Azimuth
Control
• Azimuth angle can be
measured by a simple n-turn
potentiometer (how?)
• Another potentiometer can be
used to give the desired angle
(how?)
• Gearbox can be used to
amplify the torque (how?)
• Differential amplifier can be
used as a comparator.
• Motor is used as actuator.
• Where is the controller?
23. History (Dorf)
Watt’s Flyball Governor
(18th
century)
Greece (BC) – Float regulator mechanism
Holland (16th
Century)– Temperature regulator
Heron of Greece’s water
clock (3rd
century BC)
25. History
18th Century James Watt’s centrifugal governor for the speed control of a steam
engine.
1920s Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships.
1930s Nyquist developed a method for analyzing the stability of controlled systems
1940s Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear closed-loop
control systems
1950s Root-locus method due to Evans was fully developed
1960s State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control and
1980s Learning controls are begun to investigated and developed.
Present and on-going research fields. Recent application of modern control theory
includes such non-engineering systems such as biological, biomedical, economic and
socio-economic systems
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26. (a) Automobile steering
control system.
(b) The driver uses the
difference between the
actual and the desired
direction of travel
to generate a controlled
adjustment of the
steering wheel.
(c) Typical direction-
of-travel response.
Examples of Modern Control Systems
