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1) Microwave antennas operate at frequencies above 30 MHz and use planar waveforms to increase directivity and receive more power with less distortion for straight line communication. 2) Common microwave antennas include microstrip antennas, horn antennas, parabolic reflectors, lens antennas, and slot antennas. 3) Horn antennas provide good gain over a broad frequency range but have only moderate power gain, while parabolic reflectors and lens antennas can provide the highest gains and narrowest beam widths of any antenna type.
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microwave_antenna
A slotted antenna array uses slots cut into a metal waveguide to radiate electromagnetic waves. The slots are typically thin and about half the wavelength of the center frequency. As waves propagate through the waveguide, the slots disturb the current and cause it to radiate linearly polarized waves with low cross-polarization. Slotted antenna arrays are commonly used in aircraft and other applications because they can conform to surfaces and are simple and efficient to fabricate. Multiple slots can be cut into the waveguide in a periodic pattern to form an antenna array. The position and size of the slots determine the radiation pattern produced.
Parabolic Antenna
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Reflector antennas use a primary feed antenna and a reflecting surface to direct the radio waves in a desired direction. The most common types of reflector antennas are flat sheet, corner, and parabolic reflectors. A corner reflector uses two flat surfaces joined at an angle, typically 90 degrees, to concentrate the radiation in the forward direction. The analysis of a corner reflector models the feed antenna and its multiple images formed by the reflector surfaces as an array of current elements on a circular path, which reinforces the radiation in the desired direction. Properly designing the dimensions and spacing of the feed from the reflector vertex results in a corner reflector with a gain of around 9 dB or more compared to a half-
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This document provides an overview of types of antennas and propagation modes. It discusses how antennas work to transmit and receive radio waves, and describes common types of antennas including omnidirectional antennas that radiate in all directions and directional antennas that preferentially radiate in a particular direction. It also summarizes the three main propagation modes: ground waves that hug the Earth's surface, space waves that travel in straight lines, and sky waves that reflect off the ionosphere. Key factors that determine the propagation path are frequency, atmospheric conditions, and time of day.
Horn antenna
The horn antenna is a hollow, flared structure that is commonly used as a feed element for large satellite dishes and radio telescopes. It works by transmitting electromagnetic waves through its hollow interior in an expanding spherical wavefront pattern. The flare angle affects the beamwidth and phase characteristics. Common horn antenna types include E-plane, H-plane, pyramidal, and conical. Horn antennas provide advantages like simplicity, wide bandwidth, high gain, and ease of excitation. Their performance makes them well-suited for applications like satellite communication, radio astronomy, and antenna calibration.
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This document discusses different types of antennas used for land mobile radio (LMR) systems. It describes common antenna types including dipoles, monopoles, folded dipoles, arrays, and corner reflectors. Specific examples are provided for base station antennas that are omnidirectional and mobile antennas used on vehicles. Key points covered include the operation of different antenna types across LMR frequency bands and how physical length relates to electrical length and wavelength.
Directional omni-directional antennas
This document discusses the differences between directional and omnidirectional antennas and when each type may be preferable. It begins by defining omnidirectional antennas as having equal reception/transmission in all directions, shown as a circular pattern. Directional antennas focus RF energy in specific directions through gain and directivity, shown through bidirectional and unidirectional patterns. The key factor is signal-to-noise ratio - directional antennas can increase the desired signal and decrease unwanted noise by positioning lobes and nulls. The best solution may be using multiple antenna types and a switch to select the optimal pattern for different situations.
Conical horn antenna with parabolic reflector using cst
This document describes the design and simulation of a parabolic reflector antenna using CST Studio Suite. [1] The antenna consists of a conical horn antenna fed by a rectangular waveguide operating at 8.2 GHz. [2] The horn antenna is placed 700mm from the parabolic reflector to transmit signals parallel to the reflector. [3] Simulation results show the antenna achieves a directivity of 36.64 dBi and gain of 36.62 dB, with a return loss of -12.17 dB, indicating good performance.
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A slotted antenna array uses slots cut into a metal waveguide to radiate electromagnetic waves. The slots are typically thin and about half the wavelength of the center frequency. As waves propagate through the waveguide, the slots disturb the current and cause it to radiate linearly polarized waves with low cross-polarization. Slotted antenna arrays are commonly used in aircraft and other applications because they can conform to surfaces and are simple and efficient to fabricate. Multiple slots can be cut into the waveguide in a periodic pattern to form an antenna array. The position and size of the slots determine the radiation pattern produced.
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This document provides an overview of types of antennas and propagation modes. It discusses how antennas work to transmit and receive radio waves, and describes common types of antennas including omnidirectional antennas that radiate in all directions and directional antennas that preferentially radiate in a particular direction. It also summarizes the three main propagation modes: ground waves that hug the Earth's surface, space waves that travel in straight lines, and sky waves that reflect off the ionosphere. Key factors that determine the propagation path are frequency, atmospheric conditions, and time of day.
Horn antenna
The horn antenna is a hollow, flared structure that is commonly used as a feed element for large satellite dishes and radio telescopes. It works by transmitting electromagnetic waves through its hollow interior in an expanding spherical wavefront pattern. The flare angle affects the beamwidth and phase characteristics. Common horn antenna types include E-plane, H-plane, pyramidal, and conical. Horn antennas provide advantages like simplicity, wide bandwidth, high gain, and ease of excitation. Their performance makes them well-suited for applications like satellite communication, radio astronomy, and antenna calibration.
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This document discusses different types of antennas used for land mobile radio (LMR) systems. It describes common antenna types including dipoles, monopoles, folded dipoles, arrays, and corner reflectors. Specific examples are provided for base station antennas that are omnidirectional and mobile antennas used on vehicles. Key points covered include the operation of different antenna types across LMR frequency bands and how physical length relates to electrical length and wavelength.
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This document discusses the differences between directional and omnidirectional antennas and when each type may be preferable. It begins by defining omnidirectional antennas as having equal reception/transmission in all directions, shown as a circular pattern. Directional antennas focus RF energy in specific directions through gain and directivity, shown through bidirectional and unidirectional patterns. The key factor is signal-to-noise ratio - directional antennas can increase the desired signal and decrease unwanted noise by positioning lobes and nulls. The best solution may be using multiple antenna types and a switch to select the optimal pattern for different situations.
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An Antenna is a transducer, which converts electrical power into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
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A transmitting antenna is one, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves and radiates them.
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conical horn
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Various types of antenna used for transmitting and receiving
In this presentation I have explained various types of antenna like horn, slot, aperture antenna and also how it radiate and its principle.
A010510105
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A010330109
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This document discusses different types of antennas used in radio engineering. It describes wire antennas like dipole antennas and loop antennas. It also discusses aperture antennas like slot antennas and horn antennas. Additionally, it covers array antennas, microstrip antennas, reflector antennas, and traveling-wave antennas. Finally, it outlines key parameters for characterizing antennas such as radiation pattern, directivity, gain, bandwidth, polarization, and others.
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- 1. Gujarat Technological University Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidhyalay Electronics & Telecommunication Department Topic :- Microwave Antenna SUBMITED BY:- PRASIDDH MAKADIYA :130080112029 APAR TRIVEDI :130080112057 VATSAL BODIWALA :140083112002 Under the Guidance Prof. K.R.Patel ET Department, BVM.
- 2. Outlet :- Definition Classification On Microwave Antenna Working of Microwave Antenna
- 3. Definition :- All Antenna operated under the microwave frequencies are called as microwave antenna. When the frequency of operations is above 30 MHz, straight line (LOS) Propagation will be preferred . Planner waveform are preferred for straight line communication in order to increase the directivity & to receive more power with least distortion.
- 5. The Various Antenna Used at Microwaves 1. Microstrip Antenna 2.Horn Antenna 3.Parabolic Reflector 4.Lens Antenna 5.Slot Antenna
- 6. Horn Antenna Horn antenna are described as flared Waveguide which gives good amount of gain over broad range of microwave frequencies. These can be either of rectangular or circular in shape. Normally they are probe fed antenna.
- 7. Figure of Horn Antenna
- 8. Application Horn antennas are extensively used at microwave frequencies when the power gain needed is moderate. For high power gains other antennas like lines or parabolic reflectors etc are preferred rather than horn antennas.
- 9. Microstrip Antenna Microstrip antenna are planner version for microwave antenna. they are light in weight & small in size. These are narrow bandwidth structure. The microstrip antenna in array from are very famous structure to obtain high gain with narrow beam. Electronics beam Scanning is much easy with Microstrip Antenna.
- 10. Fig of Microstrip antenna
- 11. Application :- 1)Global Positioning Satellite 2) Paging 3) Cellular Phone 4) Personal Communication System.
- 12. Parabolic Reflector A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to direct the radio waves. The most common form is shaped like a dish and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish. The main advantage of a parabolic antenna is that it has high directivity. It functions similarly to a searchlight or flashlight reflector to direct the radio waves in a narrow beam, or receive radio waves from one particular direction only. Parabolic antennas have some of the highest gains, that are they can produce the narrowest beam widths, of any antenna type.
- 13. Fig of Parabolic Reflector Antenna Parabolic antennas are based on the geometrical property of the paraboloid that the paths FP1Q1, FP2Q2, FP3Q3 are all the same length
- 14. Applications 1) Point-to-point communications 2) In applications such as microwave relay links that carry telephone and television signals between nearby cities, WAN/LAN links for data communications, satellite communications and spacecraft communication antennas. 3) They are also used in radio telescopes
- 15. Slot Antenna Slot antennas are used typically at frequencies between 300 MHz and 24 GHz. The slot antenna is popular because they can be cut out of whatever surface they are to be mounted on, and have radiation pattern that are roughly Omni directional (similar to a linear wire antenna, as we'll see). Fig of Slot antenna :-
- 16. The polarization of the slot antenna is linear. The slot size, shape and what is behind it (the cavity) offer design variables that can be used to tune performance. Consider an infinite conducting sheet, with a rectangular slot cut out of dimensions a and b, as shown in Figure 1. If we can excite some reasonable fields in the slot (often called the aperture), we have a slot antenna.
- 17. Lens Antenna Lens antenna can be used in the high frequency end of microwave. In fact the frequency range of lens antenna starts at 1 GHz but its greatest use is beyond 3 GHz. At lower frequencies lens antennas become bulky & heavy. There are several type of lens antenna:- Dielectric lens or H-plane metal plate lens E-plane metal plate lens
- 18. Figure of Lens antenna
- 19. Applications of lens antenna As lens antenna is a microwave antenna, it is most widely used at a microwave frequency above 3000 mhz. For larger bandwidth requirements, unstopped dielectric lens is used because its shape is not dependent on wavelength. For narrow bandwidth applications dielectric lens antennas are used.
- 20. THANK YOU