Microstrip antennas come in various types based on their feeding mechanism, patch shape, operating frequency, and bandwidth. The main types include microstrip patch antennas, microstrip dipole antennas, printed slot antennas, and microstrip traveling wave antennas. Printed slot antennas comprise a slot in the ground plane of a grounded substrate and can take any shape. They are typically bidirectional radiators but can be made unidirectional using a reflected plate. Microstrip dipole antennas simply consist of two lengths of metal arranged end to end with feed in the middle. Microstrip traveling wave antennas support transverse wave propagation along periodic microstrip lines or long segments.
A horn antenna or microwave horn is an antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam. Horns are widely used as antennas at UHF and microwave frequencies, above 300 MHz.
Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
A horn antenna or microwave horn is an antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam. Horns are widely used as antennas at UHF and microwave frequencies, above 300 MHz.
Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
In radio and electronics, an antenna is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
A rhombic antenna is a broadband directional wire antenna co-invented by Edmond Bruce and Harald Friis, in 1931, mostly commonly used in the high frequency (HF) or shortwave band.
In radio and electronics, an antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa.[1] It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. The individual antenna elements are connected to a single receiver or transmitter by feedlines that feed the power to the elements in a specific phase relationship. The radio waves radiated by each individual antenna combine and superpose, adding together (interfering constructively) to enhance the power radiated in desired directions, and cancelling (interfering destructively) to reduce the power radiated in other directions. Similarly, when used for receiving, the separate radio frequency currents from the individual antennas combine in the receiver with the correct phase relationship to enhance signals received from the desired directions and cancel signals from undesired directions.
In radio and electronics, an antenna is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
A rhombic antenna is a broadband directional wire antenna co-invented by Edmond Bruce and Harald Friis, in 1931, mostly commonly used in the high frequency (HF) or shortwave band.
In radio and electronics, an antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa.[1] It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. The individual antenna elements are connected to a single receiver or transmitter by feedlines that feed the power to the elements in a specific phase relationship. The radio waves radiated by each individual antenna combine and superpose, adding together (interfering constructively) to enhance the power radiated in desired directions, and cancelling (interfering destructively) to reduce the power radiated in other directions. Similarly, when used for receiving, the separate radio frequency currents from the individual antennas combine in the receiver with the correct phase relationship to enhance signals received from the desired directions and cancel signals from undesired directions.
It was our first real life based designing experience on this platform. From the mentioned designed we tried to develop a prototype of Dipole antenna of 600 Mhz for practical uses. For the further development we’ve a got plan to use a simulation software like CST microwave studio or ADS to simulate our developed design in the long term . We had to work very hard to complete this design in time! But in the end, the challenge and learning experience were well worth it.
An Antenna is a transducer, which converts electrical power into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
An Antenna can be used either as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna.
A transmitting antenna is one, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves and radiates them.
A receiving antenna is one, which converts electromagnetic waves from the received beam into electrical signals.
In two-way communication, the same antenna can be used for both transmission and reception.
Basic Parameters
Frequency
Wavelength
Impedance matching
VSWR & reflected power
Bandwidth
Percentage bandwidth
Radiation intensity.
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
Dipole Antenna Design, Working, Application, and Types (1).pdfGurleen Nayar
The antenna is a device that helps to send and receive signals to represent data. Germans invented the first antenna in 1888. This antenna was used for wireless communication. As time passed, different kinds of antennas were invented based on aperture, reflector, aperture, log periodic, and wire.
Dipole Antenna Design, Working, and Types.pdfGurleen Nayar
The antenna comes in various shapes, materials, and elements. A Dipole antenna is one of the most popular kinds of antennas used in different devices and tools. It is also called a doublet.
In this blog, we will discuss a dipole antenna, its design, types, benefits and disadvantages, and many other things related to a dipole antenna.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. Types of microstrip antennas are
based on :-
Feeding mechanism (Inset feed, CPW feed,
coupling feed etc.)
Shape of patch (square, circular, hexagonal,
fractal etc.)
Operating frequency
Band(s) of operation i.e. wideband, Multiband,
single band, dual, tri band and so on.
4. Printed slot antenna :-
Printed slot antennas comprises of a slot in the
ground plane of grounded substrate. Virtually the
slot can have any shape. Theoretically most of the
patch shapes can be realised in the form of
printed slot.
Like MSA the slot antennas can be fed either by
MS line or coplaner waveguide.
Generally bidirectional radiators, unidirectional
radiation is obtained by using reflected plate on
one side of the slot.
6. Printed slot antenna
A. Printed slot antenna fed by microstrip line
1.Printed narrow slot antenna
2.Printed wide slot antenna
3.Printed wide slot antenna generating cp
wave
B. Slot antenna fed by cpw
7. Printed Dipole Antenna
• The dipole antenna is simply two
wires pointed in opposite directions
arranged either horizontally or
vertically, with one end of each wire
connected to the radio and the other
end hanging free in space.
8. The transmission line is often known as a feed
element. When the waves reach the antenna, they
oscillate along the length of the antenna and back.
Each oscillation pushes electromagnetic energy
from the antenna, emitting the energy through free
space as radio waves.
9. Properties of dipole Antenna
A Dipole antenna’s size and shape depend on the intended
frequency or wavelength of the radio waves being sent or
received. The design of a transmitting antenna is usually not
different from that of a receiving antenna. Some devices use the
same antenna for both purposes.
Size : The electrical size of an antenna depends on the
wavelength of the radio waves being sent or received. An
antenna radiates energy most efficiently when its length is a
particular fraction of the wavelength.
Shape : Antennas come in a wide variety of shapes. One of the
simplest types of antennas is called a dipole. The two lengths
of metal are usually arranged end to end, with the cable from
the transmitter or receiver feeding each length of the dipole in
the middle.
10. The Dipole Antenna Parameter
There are several critical parameters that affect an
Dipole antenna's performance and can be adjusted
during the design process.
Resonant frequency
Impedance
Gain
Polarisation
Efficiency
Bandwidth
11. Common application of Dipole
Antenna
Set top TV antenna - The most common dipole
antenna is the "rabbit ears" type used with televisions.
These are adjustable in length and angle.
Folded dipoles - Another common place one can see
dipoles are as antennas for the FM band - these are
folded dipoles.
13. What is micro-strip travelling wave
antennas?
• concatenated sections of periodic micro-
strip lines or long segments of sufficient
bandwidth.
• support the propagation of transversely
electric (TE) waves.
• terminated by resistive loads.
15. Advantages :-
1. Low cost
2.light weight
3.operation medium frequency
range(300kHz to 3Mhz) and higher
frequency range(3Mhz to 30M hz)
Disadvantages:-
1.low directivity
2.low power at short lobes
17. WHAT IS MICRO-STRIP
PATCH ANTENNA ?
A Micro-strip patch Antenna (MSPA) in its simplest form
consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric
substrate and a ground plane on the other side.
MSPAs are also known as “patch antennas” or “printed
antennas” or “planar antennas”.
formally proposed by Grieg and Engleman in 1952
Deschamps devised in 1953.
20. Advantages:-
1.Low cost
2. light weight
3.Easy fabrication
4.Linear and circular form
5.Compatible with modular designs
6.Easily mountable on space vehicles, missiles etc.
