This document discusses different types of traveling wave antennas, including long wire antennas and V antennas. It provides definitions of traveling wave antennas as non-resonant antennas where standing waves do not exist along the length. Long wire antennas are classified as having a length between 1-many wavelengths. Their current distribution attenuates along the length due to losses. V antennas consist of two wire antennas arranged horizontally to form a V shape. They can be resonant or non-resonant. Rhombic antennas are formed from two connected V antennas in a diamond shape and are highly directional but require large spaces. The document provides examples of their usage and concludes with designing a rhombic antenna.
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
A horn antenna or microwave horn is an antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam. Horns are widely used as antennas at UHF and microwave frequencies, above 300 MHz.
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
A horn antenna or microwave horn is an antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam. Horns are widely used as antennas at UHF and microwave frequencies, above 300 MHz.
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
In radio and electronics, an antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa.[1] It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.
An Antenna is a transducer, which converts electrical power into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
An Antenna can be used either as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna.
A transmitting antenna is one, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves and radiates them.
A receiving antenna is one, which converts electromagnetic waves from the received beam into electrical signals.
In two-way communication, the same antenna can be used for both transmission and reception.
Basic Parameters
Frequency
Wavelength
Impedance matching
VSWR & reflected power
Bandwidth
Percentage bandwidth
Radiation intensity.
A type of aerial, widely used with television and VHF radio receivers, consisting of two parallel dipoles connected together at their outer ends and fed at the center of one of them. The length is usually half the operating wavelength.
This presentation covers:
Different types of antennas used in satellite communication
Role of an antenna
Antenna temperature
Cassegrain feed Antenna
Parabolic antenna
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. The individual antenna elements are connected to a single receiver or transmitter by feedlines that feed the power to the elements in a specific phase relationship. The radio waves radiated by each individual antenna combine and superpose, adding together (interfering constructively) to enhance the power radiated in desired directions, and cancelling (interfering destructively) to reduce the power radiated in other directions. Similarly, when used for receiving, the separate radio frequency currents from the individual antennas combine in the receiver with the correct phase relationship to enhance signals received from the desired directions and cancel signals from undesired directions.
Its a good presentation on Antenna topic because every one is know that in electrical engineering antenna is a complete subject & its too much difficult subject of electrical engineering....I hope this ppt slides helpful in your future...Thanks A lot guys.......
KINDLY REGARDS
KHAWAJA SHAHBAZ IQBAL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB ,LAHORE ,PAKISTAN
+923360690272
In radio and electronics, an antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa.[1] It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.
An Antenna is a transducer, which converts electrical power into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
An Antenna can be used either as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna.
A transmitting antenna is one, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves and radiates them.
A receiving antenna is one, which converts electromagnetic waves from the received beam into electrical signals.
In two-way communication, the same antenna can be used for both transmission and reception.
Basic Parameters
Frequency
Wavelength
Impedance matching
VSWR & reflected power
Bandwidth
Percentage bandwidth
Radiation intensity.
A type of aerial, widely used with television and VHF radio receivers, consisting of two parallel dipoles connected together at their outer ends and fed at the center of one of them. The length is usually half the operating wavelength.
This presentation covers:
Different types of antennas used in satellite communication
Role of an antenna
Antenna temperature
Cassegrain feed Antenna
Parabolic antenna
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. The individual antenna elements are connected to a single receiver or transmitter by feedlines that feed the power to the elements in a specific phase relationship. The radio waves radiated by each individual antenna combine and superpose, adding together (interfering constructively) to enhance the power radiated in desired directions, and cancelling (interfering destructively) to reduce the power radiated in other directions. Similarly, when used for receiving, the separate radio frequency currents from the individual antennas combine in the receiver with the correct phase relationship to enhance signals received from the desired directions and cancel signals from undesired directions.
Its a good presentation on Antenna topic because every one is know that in electrical engineering antenna is a complete subject & its too much difficult subject of electrical engineering....I hope this ppt slides helpful in your future...Thanks A lot guys.......
KINDLY REGARDS
KHAWAJA SHAHBAZ IQBAL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB ,LAHORE ,PAKISTAN
+923360690272
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
DOORDARSHAN KENDRA SUMMER TRAINING REPORTAnkur Gupta
PRASAR BHARTI/ DOORDHARSHAN KENDRA SUMMER TRAINING REPORT :
PRASAR BHARTI IS INDIA'S LARGEST PUBLIC BROADCASTER. THE FILE IS THE REPORT ON THE SUMMER TRAINING IN THAT REPUTED B
It was our first real life based designing experience on this platform. From the mentioned designed we tried to develop a prototype of Dipole antenna of 600 Mhz for practical uses. For the further development we’ve a got plan to use a simulation software like CST microwave studio or ADS to simulate our developed design in the long term . We had to work very hard to complete this design in time! But in the end, the challenge and learning experience were well worth it.
Current Approaches for Extending Range of Wi-Fi Networkijsrd.com
Nowadays, Wi-Fi networks have numerous emerging applications, ranging from backbone Wi-Fi networks, last-mile wireless networks and Wi-Fi direct networks. We can categorize the application into two types: (1) indoor wireless networks and (2) outdoor wireless networks. Indoor Wi-Fi networks include wireless networks and Wi-Fi direct networks, which usually have shorter links than outdoor wireless networks. Compared with indoor wireless networks, outdoor Wi-Fi networks attend as the network backbone or the infrastructure for Internet connection and usually have a longer transmission range. Besides, a data transmission usually traverses through multiple expectancy in outdoor wireless networks while it often takes only one expect in indoor wireless network. The distance limitations and data rates with Wi-Fi networks are more arduous to calculate due to varying data rates, capacity, interference, etc. In this paper, we discuss the various methodologies for increasing range of Wi-Fi network.
An antenna is a specialized transducer that converts radio-frequency (RF) fields into alternating current (AC) or vice-versa. ... At frequencies below 3 GHz, many different types of antennas are used. The simplest is a length of wire, connected at one end to a transmitter or receiver
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. - Traveling wave antenna is non-resonant
type antenna or aperiodic antenna
Definitions
- The antenna in which the standing wave
does not exist along the length of the
antenna is called traveling wave antenna
3. Q1
What is the difference between standing
wave and traveling wave ?
Q2
What is the difference between resonant
and non-resonant antenna ?
4.
5. 1- Long Wire Antenna
An antenna is usually classified as a long wire
antenna if it is a very straight conductor with a
length from one to many wavelengths
Antenna Height (h)
6. Total field radiated by the wire
It is found by multiplying the field radiated by the wire in free space
by the array factor of a two-element array
the wave travels along the wire from the source toward the load, it
continuously leaks energy (attenuation coefficient)
Field radiated in free space
Radiated by long wire to free space
7. Current distribution along structure
If = aˆz Iz (z΄) e− γ(z΄)z΄ = az I0 e−[α(z΄)+jkz(z΄)]z΄
By approx. : If = aˆz Iz (z΄) e− jKz Z΄ = az I0 e− jKz Z΄
K =
𝐾𝑧
𝐾
=
λ
λ𝑔
8. it is evident that the power distribution of a wire antenna of length l is a multi lobe
pattern whose number of lobes depends upon its length.
To calculate Peaks of lopes
9. For angles the peaks occur
To find nulls
Angles where the nulls occurs
14. Provides strong Minor Lobes
Disadvantages
Easy to Construct
More Cheap than V antenna
More simple
Larger Bandwidth
Input impedance is High
16. 2- V Antenna
The V antenna is made up of two wire antenna which are
arranged in the form of the horizontal V and it is fed at the
apex by the transmission feed line.
For some applications a single long-wire antenna is not very
practical because
(1) its directivity may be low.
(2) its side lobes may be high.
These and other drawbacks of single long-wire antennas can be
overcome by utilizing an array of wires, One very practical array of
long wires is the V
17. There are two Types:
Resonant V antenna
Non-Resonant V antenna
18.
19.
20. Most V antennas are symmetrical (θ1 =θ2 =θ0 and l1 =l2 =l).
Also V antennas can be designed to have unidirectional or
bidirectional radiation patterns, as shown in Figures
21.
22.
23. Easy to Construct
Cheap
Provides strong Minor Lobes
On Light Aircraft
Military appliances
Commercial appliances
24. 3- Rhombic Antenna
Two V antennas can be connected at their open ends to form a
diamond or rhombic antenna, The antenna is usually terminated
at one end in a resistor, usually about 600–800 ohms, in order to
reduce if not eliminate reflections
25.
26. - Radiation Pattern
Unidirectional Pattern
Lobes = 2 to 8 long
Directivity : 20 to 90
Power Gain : 50 to 60
β value = 17 to 24 degree
28. The tilt angle ()
The leg length (L)
The height above the ground (h)
Two designs
(a) Alignment design
(b) Maximum output design
- Design of Rhombic antenna
29.
30. (a) Alignment design
h is chosen that max of the main lobe coincides with the desired angle of elevation
sin4
h
2
sin
37.0
L 90
31. (b) Maximum field intensity design
h is chosen that max filed intensity is obtained at the desired elevation angle
mh
sin4
mL
2
sin2
90
32. Highly directional
Simple & cheap
Needs larger space for installation
Efficiency is Low
HF transmission & reception
