Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist born in 1867 who made groundbreaking discoveries in the field of radioactivity. She coined the term radioactivity and discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium. Curie received numerous honors, including being the first person to receive two Nobel Prizes, for her scientific achievements. Radioactivity is the process by which unstable atomic nuclei emit radiation as they decay into more stable forms, and the rates of radioactive decay are expressed in half-lives, the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.