Know all about Antione Lavoisier : EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION EARLY SCIENTIFIC WORK AND AS A PUBLIC REFORMER Discoveries Awards and Achievements Important Inventions including Forms of Carbon, The Conservation of Mass, Combustion and respiration, Water is not an element, Oxygen and Combustion, Sulfur is an element, Lavoisier’s list of elements and Chemical nomenclature and Metric System,

1. ANTIONE LAVIOSER
CHEMISTRY PRESENTATION

2. EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION
• Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier was born to a wealthy family of the nobility in Paris on
26 August 1743.
• He began his schooling at the Collège des Quatre-Nations, University of
Paris in Paris in 1754 at the age of 11. In his last two years at the school, his
scientific interests were aroused, and he studied chemistry, botany, astronomy,
and mathematics.
• Lavoisier received a law degree and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced as
a lawyer. However, he continued his scientific education in his spare time.

3. EARLY SCIENTIFIC WORK AND AS A
PUBLIC REFORMER
• His first chemical publication appeared in 1764. From 1763 to 1767, he studied
geology under Jean-Étienne Guettard. In collaboration with Guettard, he worked
on a geological survey of Alsace-Lorraine in June 1767. In 1764 he read his first
paper to the French Academy of Sciences, France's most elite scientific society,
on the chemical and physical properties of gypsum.
• Antione Lavoisier also dedicated a significant portion of his fortune and work
toward benefitting the public and brought a lot of improvements in the city like
improving the urban street lightning, designing an aqueduct and many more.

4. Discoveries
• It is generally accepted that Lavoisier's great accomplishments in chemistry stem
largely from his changing the science from a qualitative to a quantitative one.
Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion.
He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), and opposed
the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first
extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He
predicted the existence of silicon (1787)and was also the first to establish
that sulphur was an element (1777) rather than a compound. He discovered that,
although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same.

5. Awards and Achievements
• During his lifetime, Lavoisier was awarded a gold medal by the King of France for his work on
urban street lighting (1766), and was appointed to the French Academy of Sciences (1768).
• Lavoisier's work was recognized as an International Historic Chemical Landmark by
the American Chemical Society, Académie des sciences de L'institut de France and the Société
Chimique de France in 1999.
• Antoine Laurent Lavoisier's Louis 1788 publication entitled Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique,
published with colleagues Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, Claude Louis Berthollet,
and Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy,was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough
Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, presented
at the Académie des Sciences (Paris) in 2015.
• Medal commemorating Franklin and Lavoisier, 2018

6. • A number of Lavoisier Medals have been named and given in Lavoisier's
honour, by organizations including the Société chimique de France, the
International Society for Biological Calorimetry, and the DuPont company.
• He is also commemorated by the Franklin-Lavoisier Prize, marking the
friendship of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and Benjamin Franklin. The prize,
which includes a medal, is given jointly by the Fondation de la Maison de la
Chimie in Paris, France and the Science History Institute in Philadelphia, PA,
USA.

7. Important Inventions

8. Forms of Carbon
• In 1772 Lavoisier and other chemists bought a diamond and placed it in a closed
glass jar. They used a remarkable giant magnifying glass to focus the sun’s rays on
the diamond. The diamond burned and disappeared.
• Lavoisier noted the overall weight of the jar was unchanged, even though all of the
diamond had disappeared. This observation would later be part of the evidence
convincing him that his law of mass conservation was correct.
• Whether diamond or charcoal were burned by the giant lens, the same gas was
produced – we now call it carbon dioxide. Lavoisier realized that diamond and
charcoal are different forms of the same element.
• He gave this element the name carbon.

9. The Conservation of Mass
• In 1778 Lavoisier found that when mercury oxide is heated its weight
decreases. The oxygen gas it releases has exactly the same weight as the
weight lost by the mercury oxide.
• After carrying out work with a number of different substances, and recalling
earlier work such as his work in 1772 with carbon, Lavoisier announced a
new fundamental law of nature: the law of conservation of mass: matter is
conserved in chemical reactions

10. Combustion and respiration
• Lavoisier suspected that combustion and respiration are chemically the same.
He demonstrated this with the help of Pierre-Simon Laplace. The pair
measured the amount of carbon dioxide and heat given off by a guinea pig
as it breathed. They compared this to the amount of heat produced when
they burned carbon to produce the same amount of carbon dioxide as had
been exhaled by the guinea pig.
• The results allowed Lavoisier to conclude that respiration is a form of
combustion. The heat produced by mammals during respiration keeps their
bodies above room temperature.

11. Water is not an element
• Working again with Pierre-Simon Laplace, Lavoisier burned hydrogen with
oxygen and found that water was produced, establishing that water is not an
element, but is actually a compound made from the elements hydrogen and
oxygen. This result astonished many people, because at that time ‘everyone
knew’ that water was itself one of the ‘indivisible’ elements.

12. Oxygen and Combustion
• In 1772 people did not understand the process of burning. There was this
confusing theory of phlogiston, an undetectable substance which sometimes had
negative mass!
• Joseph Priestley told Lavoisier about the gas produced when he decomposed the
compound we now called mercury oxide. This gas supported combustion much
more powerfully than normal air.
• In 1779 Lavoisier coined the name oxygen for the element released by mercury oxide.
He found oxygen made up 20 percent of air and was vital for combustion and
respiration.

13. Sulfur is an element
• Lavoisier correctly identified sulfur as an element. He had carried out
extensive experiments involving this substance and observed that it could not
be broken down into any simpler substances.

14. Lavoisier’s list of elements
• In 1789 Lavoisier published his groundbreaking Elementary Treatise on
Chemistry.
• Aristotle’s elements of earth, water, air, fire and quintessence had been
abandoned by medieval alchemists, and Lavoisier now abandoned their tria
prima of sulfur, mercury and salt.
• Curiously, and consistent with chemistry’s infancy, Lavoisier included light as
one of the chemical elements

15. Chemical nomenclature and Metric System
• Lavoisier submitted a new program for the reforms of chemical
nomenclature to the Academy in 1787, for there was virtually no rational
system of chemical nomenclature at this time. This work, titled Méthode de
nomenclature chimique (Method of Chemical Nomenclature, 1787),
introduced a new system which was tied inextricably to Lavoisier's new
oxygen theory of chemistry.
• Starting in 1791, Lavoisier served on the committee of the French Academy
of Sciences which developed the metric system of measurement.

16. Thank You
Done by:
Sakshi Shrikhande…114003
Srija Sriram….…….114006
Kshitija Supekar…...114007
Sara Turkey……….114014