Manufacturing industries convert raw materials into finished products using machines. Examples include making cloth from cotton, sugar from sugarcane, paper from wood, iron from iron ore, and aluminum from bauxite. Manufacturing industries are important for a country's economic strength by providing jobs and export earnings. Key factors in the location of industries include proximity to raw materials, sources of power, water availability, climate conditions, availability of labor, transportation networks, capital, markets, and government policies. Industries are also classified based on raw materials, scale of labor, ownership, and source of raw materials. The document then discusses various agro-based and mineral-based manufacturing industries in India such as cotton, jute, woolen,
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy VJLEARNING
This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
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Class 10, social science geography , chapter-4 agriculture ppt or slideRajibkonwar
Best ppt or Slide of the chapter- Agriculture, Class-10 Geography, Social Science. This PPT or Slide will help the students greatly to understand the chapter.
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
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This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
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Best ppt or Slide of the chapter- Agriculture, Class-10 Geography, Social Science. This PPT or Slide will help the students greatly to understand the chapter.
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
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Chapter - 4, Agriculture, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 4, Agriculture, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
INDIA IS AN AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT COUNTRY WHY?
CROPPING SEASONS
FEATURES OF MAJOR CROPS
VEGETABLES
TECHNOLOGICAL REFORMS
BHOODAN GRAMDAN
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
it is a self made powerpoint presentation being remained specific to NCERT.for queries and any future plans of making it getting published leave your comments.
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
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The power point explains about the chapter Manufacturing Industries that is to be studied in class 10 geography( chapter 6). The chapter is explained in detail with pictures.The contents explained in this chapter are
1. Manufacturing and its importance
2. Factors affecting location of Industry
3. classification of industry
a. based on source of raw material
i. agro based industries
ii. mineral based industries
b. based on their main role
i. basic or key industries
ii. consumer industries
c. based on capital investment
i. small scale industries
ii. large scale industries
d. based on ownership
i. private sector
ii.public sector
iii.joint sector
iv. corporative sector
e. based on bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods
i.heavy industries
ii.light industries
4. agro -based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
5. mineral based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
6. environment degradation and pollution
7. controlling environment degradation and pollution
8. national thermal power corporation
Agriculture | Ls - 4 | Class - 8 | Geography | Social Science - PPTSugeethJayarajSA
This is a presentation for the Lesson Agriculture from Class - 8 Geography. This will help you to understand the lesson easily. This presentation also has extra info! Please use this as a tool to improve your tutoring!
Chapter - 5, Mineral and Energy Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 5, Mineral and Energy Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALS
MINERALS
IMPORTANT TERMS
FERROUS MINERALS
IRON ORE
NON FERROUS MINERALS
COPPER
BAUXITE (ORE) MINERAL
NON METALLIC MINERALS
ROCK MINERALS
ENERGY RESOURCES
COAL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
ELECTRICITY
ENERGY RESOURCES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 4, Agriculture, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 4, Agriculture, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
INDIA IS AN AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT COUNTRY WHY?
CROPPING SEASONS
FEATURES OF MAJOR CROPS
VEGETABLES
TECHNOLOGICAL REFORMS
BHOODAN GRAMDAN
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
it is a self made powerpoint presentation being remained specific to NCERT.for queries and any future plans of making it getting published leave your comments.
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
The power point explains about the chapter Manufacturing Industries that is to be studied in class 10 geography( chapter 6). The chapter is explained in detail with pictures.The contents explained in this chapter are
1. Manufacturing and its importance
2. Factors affecting location of Industry
3. classification of industry
a. based on source of raw material
i. agro based industries
ii. mineral based industries
b. based on their main role
i. basic or key industries
ii. consumer industries
c. based on capital investment
i. small scale industries
ii. large scale industries
d. based on ownership
i. private sector
ii.public sector
iii.joint sector
iv. corporative sector
e. based on bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods
i.heavy industries
ii.light industries
4. agro -based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
5. mineral based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
6. environment degradation and pollution
7. controlling environment degradation and pollution
8. national thermal power corporation
Agriculture | Ls - 4 | Class - 8 | Geography | Social Science - PPTSugeethJayarajSA
This is a presentation for the Lesson Agriculture from Class - 8 Geography. This will help you to understand the lesson easily. This presentation also has extra info! Please use this as a tool to improve your tutoring!
Chapter - 5, Mineral and Energy Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Mineral and Energy Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALS
MINERALS
IMPORTANT TERMS
FERROUS MINERALS
IRON ORE
NON FERROUS MINERALS
COPPER
BAUXITE (ORE) MINERAL
NON METALLIC MINERALS
ROCK MINERALS
ENERGY RESOURCES
COAL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
ELECTRICITY
ENERGY RESOURCES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Related To Basic Indian Manufacturing. Created for a friend for a School Project. Just the basic or short information.I Know It's A Bit Long But I Hope That U Can Surely Spend No More Than 7 mins To Voew The Whole Presentatiom For The Basic Details. Hope You Like It! :-)
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
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2. 5/1/2020 2
Manufacturing Industries
A place where primary goods[raw
materials are converted into finished
products using machines are called
Manufacturing Industries.
Example:
Cloth from cotton
Sugar from sugarcane
Paper from wood
Iron from iron ore
Aluminium from bauxite
4. 5/1/2020 4
USES OF
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
ECONOMIC STRENGTH OF A
COUNTRY IS MEASURED FROM THE
DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES.
THEY REDUCE THE DEPENDENCE OF
PEOPLE ON AGRICULTURE –
PROVIDING JOBS.
EXPORT OF MANUFACTURED GOOD
BRING FOREIGN EXCHANGE
5. 5/1/2020 5
FACTS:
1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN
EUROPE LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT
OF MODERN FACTORIES ALL OVER
THE WORLD.
2. SMELTING OF IRON WAS KNOWN
TO THE INDIANS FOR SEVERAL
CENTURIES
3. THE IRON PILLAR NEAR QUTUB
MINAR AT DELHI IS RUST FREE
9. 5/1/2020 9
FACTS:
SMELTING OF IRON ORE IN MODERN
INDIA BEGAN IN 1830 IN TAMILNADU
FIRST COTTON TEXTILE MILL WAS
SET UP AT MUMBAI IN 1854
FIRST JUTE MILL WAS ESTABLISHED
AT RISHRA NEAR KOLKATA IN 1855
INDUSTRIES EXPERIENCED UPS &
DOWNS DURING THE 1ST & 2ND
WORLD WARS AND AT THE TIME OF
PARTITION OF INDIA IN 1947
10. 5/1/2020 10
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Physical factors
1. Raw material- closeness to the
source of bulky and perishable raw
material .Ex: iron and steel industry,
sugar industry.
12. 5/1/2020 12
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Physical factors
2. Power resources: - closeness to
the source of economically viable
power resources. Ex: Aluminium
smelting requires lot of electricity.
14. 5/1/2020 14
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Physical factors
3. Water: - Availability of water in
abundance for processing of the raw
material .Ex: jute and coir industry.
17. 5/1/2020 17
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Physical factors
4. Climate: - favorable climatic
conditions for processing of raw
material. Ex: cotton textile industry
requires more humidity therefore
located in Maharashtra.
18. 5/1/2020 18
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO THE
LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Human factors
1. Labour: - cheap and skilled
labour. Ex:Diamond cutting industry
in Surat.
21. 5/1/2020 21
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Human factors
2. Transport: any industry needs a well-
developed transport network for the
movement of raw material and finished
products.
23. 5/1/2020 23
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Human factors
3. Capital: - Every industry needs
capital investment, which is available
through banks.
25. 5/1/2020 25
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Human factors
4. Market:-demand and supply play an
important role in the economy of a
country.
Demand from the market is met by the
supply from the industry.
5
27. 5/1/2020 27
FACTORS THAT CONTIBUTE TO
THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
Human factors
5. Government policies: -
government policies are made to
regulate the setting up and
functioning of industries.
29. 5/1/2020 29
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
BASED ON RAW MATERIAL
BASED ON LABOUR
BASED ON OWNERSHIP
BASED ON SOURCE OF RAW
MATERIAL
30. 5/1/2020 30
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
BASED ON LABOUR
LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES -
Employ large number of labourers
.Eg.cotton textile industry
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES – run
by individuals with less no of
people. Eg. Gur & Khandsari
34. 5/1/2020 34
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
BASED ON RAW MATERIAL
Heavy industries use heavy & bulky raw
materials & produce heavy materials. Eg.
Iron & steel Industry
Light industries use light raw materials &
produce light materials. Eg. Electric fans,
watches, sewing machines etc.
35. 5/1/2020 35
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
BASED ON OWNERSHIP
Private – Bajaj Auto & Tata Iron & Steel
Public – Bhilai Steel Plant & Bharat Heavy
Electricals Ltd.
Joint – Oil India Ltd. & Gas Authority of
India Ltd ,Maruthi Udyog Ltd
Cooperative – Sugar Mills & Silk
Mills
36. 5/1/2020 36
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
BASED ON SOURCE OF
RAW MATERIAL
Agro Based – Use Agricultural Raw
Materials. Eg. Cotton Textile
Industry, Sugar Industry, Silk
Industry
Mineral Based – Use Minerals As
Raw Materials. Eg. Iron & Steel
Industry, copper Smelting Industry,
fertilizer Industry.
38. 5/1/2020 38
COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY
FIRST COTTON TEXTILE MILL
ESTABLISHED [IN MUMBAI 1854]
LARGEST INDUSTRY OF INDIA
EMPLOYS 1.5 MILLION PERSONS
[20%] OF INDUSTRIAL LABOUR
FORCE OF INDIA.
40. 5/1/2020 40
1600 COTTON & HUMAN MADE FIBER
TEXTILE MILLS
79% IN PRIVATE SECTOR & REST IN
PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE
SOCIETIES.
90% OF COTTON TEXTILE PRODUCED
IN DECENTRALISED SECTOR.
AVAILABILITY OF COTTON, MARKET,
TRANSPORTATION, HUMID CLIMATE
LED TO LOCALIZATION
[MAHARASHTRA & GUJARAT]
42. 5/1/2020 42
UTTAR PRADESH – KANPUR,
MURADABAD, AGRA & MODINAGAR.
MADHYA PRADESH – GWALIOR,
UJJAIN, INDORE, & DEWAS.
TAMIL NADU – COIMBATORE,
MADURAI, & CHENNAI
43. 5/1/2020 43
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED
TOWARDS DECENTRALISATION OF
COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY.
1. Wide market
2. Transport
3. Banking facilities &
4. Electricity
44. 5/1/2020 44
BURNING PROBLEMS OF
COTTON INDUSTRY –
1. Scarcity of good quality cotton
2. Obsolete machinery
3. Erratic power supply
4. Low productivity of labour
5. Stiff competition with synthetic
fiber industry
45. 5/1/2020 45
MAIN IMPORTERS OF
INDIAN COTTON GOODS:
U.S.A., U.K., Russia,
France, East European
Countries,Nepal ,
Singapore, African
Countries & Srilanka
46. 5/1/2020 46
JUTE TEXTILES INDUSTRIES:
LARGEST PRODUCERS OF
RAW JUTE & JUTE GOODS.
SECOND LARGEST EXPORTER IN
THE WORLD.
70% JUTE MILLS MOSTLY
LOCATED IN WEST BENGAL
80% JUTE PRODUCED IN WEST
BENGAL, ANDHRA PRADESH & 10%
REST IN BIHAR U.P., M.P., ORISSA,
ASSAM & TRIPURA.
49. 5/1/2020 49
IN WEST BENGAL JUTE MILLS
ALONG HUGLI RIVER
CONCENTRATION HERE IS DUE
TO LOCATION OF JUTE
PRODUCING AREAS CLOSE TO
THE JUTE MILLS & INEXPENSIVE
WATER TRANSPORT.
50. 5/1/2020 50
AVAILABILITY OF ABUNDANT WATER IS
VERY IMPORTANT FOR PROCESSING
JUTE
CHEAP LABOUR
BANKING
INSURANCE FACILITITIES &
PORT FACILITITIES ARE ALSO
IMPORTANT.
52. 5/1/2020 52
CHALLENGES FACED BY THE
INDUSTRY
DEMAND FOR JUTE CARPETS &
PACKING MATERIALS NEEDS TO BE
PROMOTED
HIGH PRODUCTION COST
STIFF COMPETITION IN THE
INTERNATIONAL MARKET &
SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTES ARE POSING
PROBLEMS.
65. 5/1/2020 65
About 90 silk textile mills
are there in India.
India produces 8.5 lakh kg
of silk yarns.
66. 5/1/2020 66
More than 9/10 of production:
Karnataka – Bangalore, Kolar,
Mysore & Belgaum
West Bengal – Murshidabad &
Bankura
Jammu & Kashmir – Anantnag,
Baramula, Srinagar
67. 5/1/2020 67
Tough competition with
China, Thailand & Italy.
Markets – U.S.A., U.K.,
Russia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait
& Singapore.
68. 5/1/2020 68
SYNTHETIC TEXTILE INDUSTRY:
IMPORTANT SEGMENT OF
TEXTILE INDUSTRY – HUMAN
MADE FIBRE
SPECIAL QUALITIES –
STRENGTH, DURABILITY,
DYEABILITY & WORKABILITY
4 WELL KNOWN FIBRE
PRODUCED – RAYON, NYLON,
TERENE, & DECRON.
72. 5/1/2020 72
DERIVED FROM
WOOD PULP, COAL &
PETROLEUM
THROUGH CHEMICAL
PROCESS
FOR BETTER FINISH,
OFTEN MIXED WITH
NATURAL FIBRES
LIKE COTTON, SILK
& WOOL
73. 5/1/2020 73
FOUND IN KERALA, TAMIL
NADU, KARNATAKA,
MAHARASHTRA, GUJARAT,
RAJASTHAN & MADHYA PRADESH
[BETTER FINISH]
SYNTHETIC TEXTILES –
MUMBAI, AHMEDABAD, SURAT,
DELHI, AMRITSAR, GWALIOR &
KARNATKA.
74. 5/1/2020 74
SUGAR INDUSTRY:
INDIA LARGEST PRODUCER OF
SUGARCANE ALONG WITH GUR &
KHANDSARI
SURAGRCANE – HEAVY, WEIGHT
LOSING & PERISHABLE, MILLS ARE
LOCATED CLOSE TO THE
PRODUCING AREAS
460 MILLS IN THE COUNTRY
81. 5/1/2020 81
SUGAR CONTENT IN THE
SUGARCANE –HIGHER IN THE
SOUTHETRN STATES THAN THE
NORTHERN STATES HENCE THE
INDUSTRY HAS A TENDENCY TO
MIGRATE TO THE SOUTH
82. 5/1/2020 82
50% IN UTTAR PRADESH AND
MAHARASHTRA
OTHER STATES ARE
KARNATAKA, TAMIL NADU,
ANDHRA PRADESH, GUJARAT,
PUNJAB, HARYANA, MADHYA
PRADESH, & BIHAR.
89. 5/1/2020 89
IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY:
FIRST UNIT WAS ESTABLISHED IN
1830 AT PORTO NOVA IN TAMIL NADU
BUT WAS CLOSED DOWN.
MODERN STEEL INDUSTRY
BEGAN AT KULTI IN WEST BENGAL IN
1864
LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION
STARTED AT JAMSHEDPUR
[JHARKAND] IN 1907
90. 5/1/2020 90
THERE ARE 10 PRIMARY IN
TEGRATED IRON & STEEL PLANTS:
EXAMPLE – BURNPUR IN WEST
BENGAL & BADRAVATI IN
KARNATAKA. THERE ARE ALSO 200
DECENTRALISED UNITS [ MINI
STEEL PLANTS]
IT IS A HEAVY INDUSTRY WHICH
USES HEAVY & BULKY RAW
MATERIALS, NAMELY IRON-ORE,
COAL, LIMESTONE AND
MANGANESE
91. 5/1/2020 91
LOCATION – CLOSE PROXIMITY TO
RAW MATERIALS, FINISHED
PRODUCTS ARE ALSO HEAVY AND
BULKY HENCE NEED GOOD
TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR
DISTRIBUTION.
THE STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA
LTD. MAINTAINS THE PUBLIC
SECTOR PLANTS OF INDIA.
INDIA PRODUCES 27 MILLION
TONES OF CRUDE STEEL.
92. 5/1/2020 92
PUBLIC SECTOR IRON & STEEL
PLANTS IN INDIA ARE MANAGED
BY STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA
LIMITED.
VISHAKAPATNAM – STEEL PLANT
WITH A COASTAL LOCATION.
ALL OTHER STEEL PLANTS ARE
LOCTED IN THE MINERAL RICH
NORTH-EASTERN & SOUTHERN
PART OF INDIAN PENINSULA.
93. 5/1/2020 93
ALUMINIUM SMELTING
2ND IMPORTANT
METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY OF
INDIA.
ALUMINIUM IS A UNIVERSALLY
ACCEPTED MINERAL FOR A LARGE
NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES DUE TO
ITS FLEXIBILITY AND GOOD
CONDUCTIVITY OF HEAT &
ELECTRICITY.
96. 5/1/2020 96
POPULAR SUBSTITUTES TO
STEEL, COPPER, ZINC & LEAD
IN A NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES.
FOR PRODUCTION OF 1
TONNE OF ALUMINIUM,
APPROXIMATELY 6 TONNES OF
BAUXITE & 18600KWH OF
ELECTRICITY IS NEEDED.
97. 5/1/2020 97
LOCATION – AVAILABILITY OF
BAUXITE, INEXPENSIVE ELECTRICITY.
THERE ARE 8 ALUMINIUM PLANTS
IN THE COUNTRY
LOCATED AT ORISSA, WEST
BENGAL, KERALA, UTTAR PRADESH,
CHATTISGARH, MAHARASHTRA &
TAMIL NADU.
TOTAL PRODUCE –620
THOUSAND TONNES PER ANNUM.
98. 5/1/2020 98
COPPER SMELTING:
IT WAS SET UP BY INDIAN
COPPER CORPORATIONS AT
GHATSHILA IN JHARKAND.
THE HINDUSTAN COPPER
LTD. TOOK OVER THE INDIAN
COPPER CORPORATION IN 1972,
SINCE THEN IT IS THE SOLE
PRODUCER OF COPPER IN THE
COUNTRY.
102. 5/1/2020 102
IT HAS 2 CENTERS – MAUBHANDAR
NEAR GHATSHILA IN SINGHBHUM
DISTRICT AND KHETRI IN JHUNJUNU OF
RAJASTHAN.
COPPER IS OBTAINED FROM THE
MINES OF THOSE DISTRICTS WHERE
THEIR SMELTING PLANTS ARE LOCATED.
INDIA PRODUCES 43,000 TONNES OF
COPPER BLISTER, WHICH IS ONLY ½ OF
THE REQUIREMENT, AND THE
REMAINING ½ IS IMPORTED FROM
ZAMBIA, CHILE, AND U.S.A., CANADA.
103. 5/1/2020 103
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES:
HEAVY INORGANIC CHEMICALS
INCLUDE :
SULFURIC ACID – MANUFACTURING
OF FERTILIZERS, PAINTS, DYESTUFF,
PLASTICS & SYNTHETIC FIBRES.
NITRIC ACID & ALKALIES
SODA ASH – MANUFACTURE OF
GLASS, PAPER, SOAP &
DETERGENTS.
CAUSTIC SODA.
107. 5/1/2020 107
HEAVY ORGANIC CHEMICALS
INCLUDE PETRO CHEMICALS, WHICH
ARE USED FOR MANUFACTURING OF
SYNTHETIC FIBRES, SYNTHETIC
RUBBERS, PLASTICS, DYESTUFF &
PHARMACEUTICALS.
THE INORGANIC CHEMICALS
INDUSTRIES ARE WIDELY SPREAD WHILE
ORGANIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES ARE
NEAR OIL REFINERIES &
PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS.
108. 5/1/2020 108
PRODUCTION OF PESTICIDES
HAS CONTRIBUTED MUCH TO
AGRICULTURE BY CONTROLLING
HARMFUL INSECTS AND WEEDS.
INDIA LEADS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF
PHARMACEUTICALS
IT CONTRIBUTES14% OF
PRODUCTION OF ENTIRE
MANUFACTURING SECTOR AND ITS
SHARE IN EXPORT IS ALSO 14%.
109. 5/1/2020 109
FERTILISER INDUSTRIES:
1ST PLANT SET UP IN
RANIPET IN TAMILNADU IN 1906.
ITS INCREASE IN DEMAND
AS A RESULT OF GREEN
REVOLUTION LED TO ITS
SPREAD IN SEVERAL PARTS OF
INDIA.
111. 5/1/2020 111
MORE THAN ½ THE TOTAL
PRODUCTION – GUJARAT,
TAMIL NADU, UTTAR PRADESH,
PUNJAB & KERALA.
OTHER PRODUCERS ARE
ANDHRA PRADESH, ORISSA,
RAJASTHAN, BIHAR, GOA,
DELHI, MAHARASHTRA, ASSAM,
MADHYA PRADESH, WEST
BENGAL, & KARNATAKA.
112. 5/1/2020 112
WIDESPREAD DUE TO EASY
AVAILABILITY OF NATURAL
GAS.
INDIA PRODUCES ABOUT 11
MILLION TONNES OF
NITROGENOUS, 4 MILLION
TONNES OF PHOSPHATIC & 1.7
MILLION TONNES OF POTASSIC
FERTILISES. IT IS REQUIRED TO
IMPORT POTASSIUM FROM
ABROAD.
113. 5/1/2020 113
CEMENT INDUSTRY:
IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR BUILDING
HOUSES, FACTORIES, ROADS &
DAMS.
ITS MANUFACTURE REQUIRES
HEAVY MATERIALS LIKE GYPSUM,
SILICA, ALUMINIA, & LIMESTONE.
HENCE IT IS A RAW-MATERIAL
ORIENTED INDUSTRY.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS ARE
COAL & PETROLEUM.
119. 5/1/2020 119
1ST PLANT – CHENNAI IN 1904
THERE ARE 119 LARGE AND OVER
300 MINI PLANTS IN INDIA
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY – 131
MILLION TONNES PER ANNUM
INDIA PRODUCES A VARIETY OF
CEMENT – GOOD QUALITY & HENCE
HAS A READY MARKET IN SOUTH AND
EAST ASIA.
ANNUAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA IS
100 MILLION TONNES.
121. 5/1/2020 121
RAILWAYS:
THE TRAIN IS CLASSIFIED
INTO 3 PARTS – RAILWAY
ENGINES, WAGONS &
COACHES.
RAILWAY ENGINES ARE OF
3 TYPES: STEAM, DIESEL &
ELECTRIC
127. 5/1/2020 127
DIESEL AND ELECTRIC
ENGINES NOW REPLACE THE
STEAM ENGINES BECAUSE
THERE ARE FUEL-EFFICIENT
AND POLLUTION FREE.
ENGINES ARE
MANUFACTURED AT
CHITTARANJAN IN WEST
BENGAL, VARANASI IN UTTAR
PRADESH AND JAMSHEDPUR IN
JHARKAHAND
129. 5/1/2020 129
RAILS AND SLEEPER BARS
ARE MANUFACTURED AT IRON &
STEEL PLANTS.
COACHES ARE
MANUFACTURED AT PERAMBUR,
BANGALORE, KAPURTHALA &
KOLKOTA.
WAGONS ARE PRODUCED IN
PRIVASTE SECTOR AND
RAILWAY SHOPS.
134. 5/1/2020 134
ROAD VEHICLES:
INDIA IS 2ND LARGEST PRODUCER OF 3
WHEELERS.
INDIA CURRENTLY PRODUCES 15
MILLION BICYCLES & 3.8 MILLION
SCOOTERS & MOTOR CYCLES IN A YEAR
WIDELY SPREAD AROUND DELHI,
GURGAON, MUMBAI, CHENNAI, PUNE,
KOLKOTA, LUCKNOW, INDORE,
HYDERABAD, JAMSHEDPUR &
BANGALORE
EXAMPLE: TRUCKS, CARS,
MOTORCYCLES AND SCOOTERS.
139. 5/1/2020 139
SHIPBUILDING:
REQUIRES HUGE CAPITAL
5 MAJOR SHIPBUILDING CENTERS
– VISHAKAPATANAM, KOLKOTA,
KOCHI, MUMBAI, MARMAGAO – ALL
IN PUBLIC SECTOR.
PRIVATE SECTOR SHIPYARDS
LOOK AFTER THE LOCAL NEEDS.
144. 5/1/2020 144
THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF THE
SHIP THAT CAN BE
CONSTRUCTED AT KOCHI &
VISHAKAPATANAM ARE 100,000
DEAD WEIGHT TONNAGE [ DWT-
WEIGHT OF AN EMPTY SHIP]
AND 50,000 DWT
RESPECTIVELY.
FOR REPAIR OF SHIPS, THERE
ARE 17 DRY DOCKS IN INDIA.
145. 5/1/2020 145
AIRCRAFTS:
FOR DEFENCE REQUIREMENT,
INDIA HAS DEVELOPED AIRCRAFT
INDUSTRY AT BANGALORE, KORAPUT,
NASHIK, HYDERABAD, KANPUR &
LUCKNOW.
EACH PLACE SPECIALIZES IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN TYPES OF
AIRCRAFT.
INDIA ALSO MANUFACTURES
HELICOPTERS.
149. 5/1/2020 149
ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
COVERS WIDE RANGE OF
PRODUCTS – TRANSISTOR,
TELEVISION, TELEPHONE
EXCHANGES, CELLULAR TELECOMS,
PAGERS, COMPUTERS….
LOOKS AFTER THE NEEDS OF
DEFENCE EQUIPMENTS, RAILWAYS,
AIRWAYS, SPACE, FLIGHTS, AND
METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENTS.
152. 5/1/2020 152
Ø REVOLUTIONIZED THE LIFE
OF THE MASSES & CHANGED THE
COUNTRY’S ECONOMY & QUALITY
OF HUMAN LIFE.
Ø HAS DEVELOPED BOTH
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE – FAST
GROWING SECTOR OF INDIAN
ECONOMY.
Ø CONTRIBUTED LOT TO THE
SPACE TECHNOLOGY.
Ø ELECTRONIC CAPITAL OF
INDIA – BANGALORE.
153. 5/1/2020 153
Ø MAJOR ELECTRONIC
GOODS PRODUCING CENTERS -
HYDERABAD, DELHI, MUMBAI,
CHENNAI, KOLKOTA, KANPUR,
PUNE, LUCKNOW, AND
COIMBATORE.
Ø SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY
PARKS -18 CENTERS – PROVIDE
SINGLE WINDOW SERVICE AND
HIGH DATA COMMUNICATION
FACILITY TO SOFTWARE
EXPERTS.
154. 5/1/2020 154
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION &
DEGRADATION OF ENVIRONMENT
INDUSTRIES CREATE FOUR TYPES
OF POLLUTION:
Air pollution
Water pollution
Land pollution
Noise pollution
155. 5/1/2020 155
AIR POLLUTION
Caused by the Presence of a Higher
Proportion of of Undesirable Gases
Like
Carbon Monoxide & Sulphur Dioxide
Air-borne Materials Consists of Both
Solid & Liquid Particles.
Dust, Fumes, Mist, Spray & Smoke
Contain Both Type of Particles.
Human-made Sources of Pollutants Are
Normally Industrial & Solid Wastes
161. 5/1/2020 161
Water pollution
Industrial Effluents Are Discharged Into
the Rivers.
Organic & Inorganic Materials Pollute
Water.
Some Common Pollutants of Water Are
Coal, Dyes, Soaps, Pesticides,
Fertilisers, Plastics & Rubber
Principal Industries That Create Water
Pollution Are
Paper, Textiles, Chemical, Petroleum,
refining, Tannery & Electroplating.
163. 5/1/2020 163
NOISE POLLUTION
o ARISES PRIMARILY FROM INDUSTRY
& MEANS OF TRANSPORT
o CAUSED BY INDUSTRIAL NOISE
FROM
o MECHANICAL SAWS & PNEUMATIC
DRILLS
o EFFECTS: UNBEARABLE NOISE & IS
A NUISANCE TO THE PUBLIC &
CAUSES IMPAIRMENT OF HEARING.
164. 5/1/2020 164
MEASURE TO CONTROL
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
POLLUTION CAN BE PREVENTED BY
1.CAREFULPLANNING OF
INDUSTRIES
2.SITING[LOCATION] OF INDUSTRIES
3.BETTER DESIGN EQUIPMENTS
4.BETTER OPERATION OF
EQUIPMENTS
165. 5/1/2020 165
MEASURE TO CONTROL
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
MAJOR MEANS OF CONTROLLING
AIR POLLUTION
FUEL SELECTION & UTILISATION
SMOKE MAY BE PREVENTED BY USE OF
OIL INSTEAD OF COAL IN INDUSTRIES
USE EQUIPMENTS TO CONTROL
AEROSOL EMISSIONS.
USE INERTIAL SEPARATORS, FILTERS,
PRECIPITATORS & SCRUBBERS
166. 5/1/2020 166
MEASURE TO CONTROL
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
MEANS OF CONTROLLING WATER
POLLUTION BY INDUSTRIES
TREATMENT OF WASTES BEFORE
DISCHARGING INTO RIVERS
THIS CAN BE DONE IN 3 PHASES
PRIMARY TREATMENT BY MECHANICAL
PROCESS
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY BIOLOGICAL
PROCESS
TERTIARY TREATMENT BY BIOLOGICAL,
CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROCESSES
167. 5/1/2020 167
TREATMENT OF WATER
POLLUTANTS BY INDUSTRIES
PRIMARY TREATMENT INCLUDES
o SCREENING
o GRINDING
o FLOCCULATION
o SEDEMENTATION
168. 5/1/2020 168
TREATMENT OF WATER
POLLUTANTS BY INDUSTRIES
SECONDARY TREATMENT INVOLVES
USE OF BIOLOGICAL METHODS
TERTIARY TREATMENT INCLUDES
RECYCLING OF WASTE WATER.
169. 5/1/2020 169
CONTROL OF SOIL & LAND
POLLUTION
COLLECTION OF WASTES FROM
DIFFERENT PLACES
DUMPIMG & DISPOSING THE
WASTES BY LAND FILLING
RECYCLING OF THE WASTES FOR
FURTHER USE