The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of industries. It notes that industries help generate employment, improve standards of living through useful products, and provide government tax income. However, industries also cause pollution, shift populations away from agriculture into cities, and lead to urbanization issues. The document then provides facts about industries in India such as the location of the first cotton textile mill in Mumbai in 1854. It also discusses factors influencing the location of industries and different ways of classifying industries.

2. The process of converting raw materials,
components, or parts into finished goods that
meet a customer's expectations or
specifications.
Example:
Cloth from cotton
Sugar from sugarcane
Paper from wood
Iron from iron ore
Aluminium from bauxite

4. Advantages of
Industries1- Industries help in generating the employment
opportunities for the people and in majority of the nations
after agriculture it employs the highest number of people
and therefore it can be said to be livelihood of many
families.
2-It is due to presence of many industries that we get to
use array of products like television, cloths, automobiles,
furniture etc…, which helps in making our life easier and
improves the general standard of living.
3-A prospering industrial environment is good for the country
because government get income in the form of taxes from the
industries, which in turn is used by the government for the
well being of the people.
4-It makes the country independent because once country
start producing goods with the help of industrialization it does
not have to depend on other countries for its demand and it
can save its money by reducing the imports and it can even
export its produce leading to foreign exchange income which

6. Disadvantages of Industri
1-The biggest disadvantage of industries is that it leads to
increase in pollution as many units emit poisonous gases
which over the years have turned out to be the major
cause behind global warming.
2-Industries leads to shift in the preference of people and
they tend to prefer working there because of more money
and opportunities rather than in agriculture sector and
hence a gap is created because of this which in the long
term can lead to food shortages because of the lack of
interest in agriculture and allied activities.
3- Since industries tend to attract many people it leads to
problem urbanization where many people from rural areas
shift to urban areas leading to urbanization problems like
lack of housing, congestion, lack of green space, health
related problems and so on.

8. FACTS
:
1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN EUROPE LED TO
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN FACTORIES ALL
OVER THE WORLD.
2- THE IRON PILLAR NEAR QUTUB
MINAR AT DELHI IS RUST FREE.

9. 1-SMELTING OF IRON ORE IN MODERN INDIA BEGAN IN
2- FIRST COTTON TEXTILE MILL WAS SET UP AT
3-FIRST JUTE MILL WAS ESTABLISHED IN INDIA WHERE AND IN
WHICH YEAR
1830 IN TAMILNADU
MUMBAI IN 1854
AT RISHRA NEAR KOLKATA IN 1855

10. THELOCATIONOFINDUSTRIES
1-Physical factors
Raw material- closeness to the source of bulky and perishable raw
material .
Ex: iron and steel industry, sugar industry.

11. 2- Power resources: - closeness to the source of economically viable power
resources.
Ex: Aluminium smelting requires lot of electricity.

12. 3-Water: - Availability of water in abundance for processing of
the raw material .Ex: jute and coir industry.

13. 4. Capital- EVERY INDUSTRY NEEDS CAPITAL INVESTMENT, WHICH IS
AVAILABLE THROUGH BANKS.

14. Human factors
5-Market:- demand and supply play an important role in the
economy of a country.
Demand from the market is met by the supply for the industry.

15. 6-Labour: - cheap and skilled labour.
Ex:Diamond cutting industry in Surat.

16. 7-Transport: any industry needs a well developed transport
network for the movement of raw material and finished
products.

17. 8-.Government policiesGovernment policies are made to regulate the setting up
and functioning of industries

18. CLASSIFICATIONOFINDUSTRIES
1- BASED ON RAW MATERIAL
2-BASED ON LABOUR
3-BASED ON OWNERSHIP
4-BASED ON SOURSE OF RAW
MATERIAL.

19. BASED ON RAW MATERIAL
Heavy industries use heavy & bulky raw
materials & produce
heavy materials.
Eg. Iron & steel Industry
Light industries use light raw materials &
produce light materials.
Eg. Electric fans, watches, sewing machines
etc.
Q----
WHICH IS THE MAIN INGREDIENT FOR MAKING

22. BASEDONLABOUR
LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES -
Employ large number of labourers
.Eg.cotton textile industry
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES –
runby individuals with less no of
people.
Eg. Gur & Khandsari

24. BASED ON OWNERSHIP
 Private – Bajaj Auto & Tata Iron & Steel
 Public – Bhilai Steel Plant & Bharat Heavy
Electricals Ltd.
 Joint – Oil India Ltd. & Gas Authority of India Ltd
,Maruthi Udyog Ltd.
 COOEPRATIVES- Sugar Mills & Silk Mills

26. BASED ON SOURCE OF RAW
MATERIAL
 Agro Based – Use Agricultural Raw Materials.
Eg. Cotton Textile Industry, Sugar Industry, Silk
Industry
 Mineral Based – Use Minerals As Raw Materials. Eg.
Iron & Steel Industry, copper Smelting Industry, fertilizer
industries.

27. 1-FIRST COTTON TEXTILE MILL ESTABLISHED
[IN MUMBAI 1854].
2-LARGEST INDUSTRY OF INDIA EMPLOYS 1.5
MILLION PERSONS {20%} OF INDUSTRIAL
LABOUR FORCE OF INDIA.
3-1600 COTTON & HUMAN MADE FIBER
TEXTILE MILLS.
4-79% IN PRIVATE SECTOR & RESTIN PUBLIC
AND COOPERATIVE SOCITIES.
5-FOUND AT…….. MAHARASHTRA – MUMBAI, SHOLAPUR,
PUNE, WARDHA.
GUJARAT-- AHMEDABAD, VADODARA.. WEST
BENGAL… HAORA, MURSHIDABAD, HUGLI & SILAMPUR.

29. IN GDP
1.Retail and wholesale trade (23%)
2. Agriculture (15.7%) :

30. 3-Real estate (13.5%) :
4. Banking and insurance (10%) :
5. IT and ITES Industry (9%) :

31. 7. Engineering and Machinery (8%):
8- CEMENT INDUSTRIES (INCLUDING ALL SMALL INDUSTRIES)-5.6%